Tetraploa Berk. & Broome, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 5: 459, t. 11:6 (1850)

Tang, Xia, Jeewon, Rajesh, Lu, Yong-Zhong, Alrefaei, Abdulwahed Fahad, Jayawardena, Ruvishika S., Xu, Rong-Ju, Ma, Jian, Chen, Xue-Mei & Kang, Ji-Chuan, 2023, Morphophylogenetic evidence reveals four new fungal species within Tetraplosphaeriaceae (Pleosporales, Ascomycota) from tropical and subtropical forest in China, MycoKeys 100, pp. 171-204 : 171

Tetraploa Berk. & Broome, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 5: 459, t. 11:6 (1850)

Tetraplosphaeria = Tetraplosphaeria Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray., in Tanaka et al., Stud. Mycol. 64: 177 (2009).

Type species.

Tetraploa aristata Berk. & Broome, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 5: 459 (1850).

Description.

Teleomorph see Tanaka et al. (2009). Anamorph Tetraploa sensu stricto Conidiophores absent. Conidiogenous cells monoblastic. Conidia composed of 4 columns, short-cylindrical, brown, verrucose at the base, euseptate, with 4 setose appendages at the apex ( Tanaka et al. 2009).

Notes.

Tanaka et al. (2009) established Tetraplosphaeria to accommodate pleosporalean species that have massarina/lophiostoma-like teleomorph and anamorphs belonging to Tetraploa sensu stricto based on a combined SSU and LSU DNA sequence data. Later, Hyde et al. (2013) treated Tetraploa as a synonym of Tetraplosphaeria , which has been applied previously to anamorphic species and used Tetraploa instead of Tetraplosphaeria . Species of Tetraploa are mainly reported as saprobes, distributed in freshwater and terrestrial habitats, and only T. aristata has been reported as a pathogen on various plants and human pathogen that cause cysts ( Markham et al. 1990; Tanaka et al. 2009; Hyde et al. 2013; Liao et al. 2022). Tetraploa has been recovered from more than 80 plants, such as bamboo culms, submerged wood, palms, and Poaceae , on the leaves of Acer and liverworts ( Ellis 1949; Ando 1992; Hyde et al. 2013; Liao et al. 2022). Saxena et al. (2021) mentioned that Frasnacritetrus is probably a fossil of Tetraploa . Nuñez Otaño et al. (2022) considered Frasnacritetrus as a synonym of Tetraploa and transferred five Frasnacritetrus fossil species into Tetraploa viz. Tetraploa conata , T. indica , T. josettae , T. siwalika and T. taugourdeaui based on the observation that the spores of both fossil and contemporary species exhibit identical morphological characteristics. To date, there are 35 species accepted in Tetraploa ( Wijayawardene et al. 2022; Jayawardena et al. 2023; this study; Table 2 ). In this study, a new Tetraploa species is introduced.