Ixodes brunneus Koch, 1844a

Guglielmone, Alberto A., Petney, Trevor N. & Robbins, Richard G., 2020, Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019, Zootaxa 4871 (1), pp. 1-322 : 16

36. Ixodes brunneus Koch, 1844a .

A largely Nearctic species with one record from the Neotropical Region and one collection in the Palearctic Region (see note below), all of whose parasitic stages are usually found on Passeriformes (several families). Adults and nymphs have been collected from Galliformes : Odontophoridae ; adults alone have been recovered from Piciformes : Ramphastidae , and Strigiformes : Strigidae ; and larvae alone have been taken from Galliformes : Phasianidae . Ixodes brunneus is a very rare parasite of humans.

M: Anastos and Smith (1957)

F: Koch (1844a)

N: Anastos and Smith (1957)

L: Anastos and Smith (1957)

Redescriptions

M: Keirans and Clifford (1978), Furman and Loomis (1984), Keirans and Litwak (1989), Lindquist et al. (2016) F: Koch (1847), Neumann (1899) , Banks (1908), Cooley and Kohls (1945), Arthur (1953d), Anastos and Smith (1957), Lancaster (1973), Filippova (1977), Sonenshine (1979), Keirans and Clifford (1978), Furman and Loomis (1984), Keirans and Litwak (1989), Lindquist et al. (2016); see note below

N: Sonenshine (1979), Furman and Loomis (1984), Durden and Keirans (1996), Lindquist et al. (2016)

L: Clifford et al. (1961), Sénevet and Ripert (1967a), Sonenshine (1979), Furman and Loomis (1984), Webb et al. (1990), Kleinjan and Lane (2008), Lindquist et al. (2016)

Note: some descriptions of this species published prior to Anastos and Smith (1957), e. g., Nuttall and Warburton (1911) and Boero (1945), are of species other than Ixodes brunneus . The redescription of the female of Ixodes brunneus from northwestern Argentina in Boero (1957) may represent a new species close to Ixodes brunneus . Filippova (1977) stated that Ixodes brunneus has been found in the Ukraine on Lanius collurio . Part of the problem in identifying Ixodes brunneus is apparently the result of an incorrect diagnosis of this tick in Nuttall and Warburton (1911), who regarded Ixodes frontalis as a synonym of Ixodes brunneus , a view supported for decades by some European workers, as noted by Filippova (1977), who commented on this confusion in her redescription of Ixodes frontalis . Fairchild et al. (1966) and Bermúdez et al. (2018) found that Ixodes brunneus specimens from Panama differ morphologically from specimens collected in the USA. It is probable that one or more species close to Ixodes brunneus occur in the Neotropics in addition to the Jamaican Ixodes copei .