Culicoides Latreille, 1809

Spinelli, Gustavo & Wolff, Marta, 2016, FAMILY CERATOPOGONIDAE, Zootaxa 4122 (1), pp. 98-141 : 107

Genus Culicoides Latreille

Culicoides Latreille, 1809: 251 . Type species, Culicoides punctatus Latreille (= Ceratopogon punctatus Meigen ) (mon). Refs.: Aitken et al., 1975 (key to females from Trinidad and Tobago); Blanton & Wirth, 1979 (key to larvae, males and females from Florida ( USA)); Forattini, 1957 (key to females of all species); Huerta, 1996 (key to females from Mexico); Ortíz & León, 1955 (key to females from Ecuador); Ronderos, 1988 (key to females from Argentina); Ronderos & Spinelli, 1998 (key to males and females from the Yacyretá Dam, between Paraguay and Argentina); Spinelli & Wirth, 1986b (key to females south of the Amazon Basin); Wirth & Blanton, 1959 (key to females and some males from Panama); Wirth & Blanton, 1973 (key to females and some males from Amazon Basin); Wirth & Blanton, 1974 (key to females and some males from the Caribbean); Wirth et al., 1988 (some meristic character states and photographs of wings of all species); Spinelli et al., 2005 (key to males and females from Argentina).

Padrosia Rafinesque, 1815: 130 (unnecessary replacement name for Culicoides Latreille ). Type species, Culicoides punctatus Latreille (= Ceratopogon punctatus Meigen ), automatic.

Comm.: There is no reliable key to the subgenera and species groups of Neotropical Culicoides . For species outside of local areas for which revisions are available (as listed above), the easiest guide to species identification is that of Wirth et al. (1988). From there readers may refer to keys to subgenera or species groups referred to below.