Sparganothoides hydeana (Klots)

Kruse, James J. & Powell, Jerry A., 2009, Systematics of Sparganothoides Lambert and Powell, 1986 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Sparganothini), Zootaxa 2150 (1), pp. 1-78 : 19-21

1. Sparganothoides hydeana (Klots)

Figs. 7 , 39 , 61

Sparganothis hydeana Klots 1936: 2 ; Powell 1983: 41.

Sparganothoides hydeana ; Powell 1986: 375; Powell et al. 1995: 149; Brown 2005: 564.

Diagnosis. Sparganothoides hydeana can be distinguished from similar species by the crease in the valva of the male; it is short and sclerotized only in the middle of the valva (i.e., does not reach the sacculus). Sparganothoides hydeana differs from S. calthograptana in the shape of the apex of the uncus and the degree to which the transtilla is bilobed.

Description. Male. Head: Frons yellowish white to brownish orange, smooth scaled; vertex roughened, brownish yellow to brownish orange. Labial palpus white mesally, brownish yellow and fuscous laterally. Antennal scaling brownish yellow to brownish orange. Thorax: Dorsum smooth scaled, brownish yellow to brownish orange. Forewing length 10.4–11.7 mm (= 10.9; n = 10). Forewing ground color brownish yellow to brown, with indistinct patterns of orange, brownish orange, and/or reddish brown scaling; indistinct subterminal fascia brown; brown transverse strigulae throughout subterminal and terminal areas; occasionally with an indistinct brown tornal mark approaching discal cell; often with brown spot at apex of discal cell. Fringe brownish yellow to brownish orange. Hindwing yellowish gray to gray with gray transverse strigulae throughout, more dense in apical and distal regions. Abdomen: Genitalia ( Fig. 7 ; slide #JAP5382, EME; Mexico, Sinaloa, 8 mi W El Palmito; n = 17) with uncus long, slender, slightly broadened apically, elbowed at nearly 90° angle at two-thirds distance from base, with long setae dorsally and patch of small setae ventrally; tegumen raised and rounded at base of uncus; socius subtriangular posteriorly, secondary arms long, slender, abruptly angled near middle, enlarged apices asymmetrically lobed, boot-shaped; transtilla strongly sclerotized, straight to slightly bilobed, spines short, numerous over most of posterior margin, anterior process reinforced with variably formed invagination at middle; valva subrectangular with sclerotized straight or slightly curved crease roughly parallel to sacculus or slightly declined toward it, not connecting to sacculus, sacculus and costa straight, pulvinus present; aedeagus parallel-sided and slightly curved, shorter than phallobase, attenuate apically, attached to juxta by a thin process; cornuti with a minute spine near base.

Female. Head, Thorax: Essentially as described for male. Forewing length 10.6–12.1 mm (= 11.3; n = 10). Abdomen: Genitalia ( Fig. 39 ; slide #JAP3042; EME; Mexico, Sinaloa, 8 mi W El Palmito; n = 8) with papillae anales parallel-sided, rounded posteriorly; sterigma strongly sclerotized ventrally, concavely curved anteriorly; ductus bursae widening anteriorly; corpus bursae large, irregularly rounded; signum more than three times longer than wide, simple, straight or weakly curved, attenuate at apices.

Type material. Holotype: Male: U.S.A.: NEW MEXICO: Santa Fe Co: Little Tesuque Canon , Hyde State Park , 9200’, 27.vii–10.viii.1932, A. Klots ( AMNH).

Paratypes (6). USA: NEW MEXICO: Santa Fe Co: Little Tesuque Canon, Hyde State Park , 9200’, 27.vii–10.viii.1932 (4), A. Klots ( AMNH), 27.vii–10.viii.1932 (2), A. Klots ( NMNH) .

Additional specimens examined (265♂, 170♀). MEXICO: CHIHUAHUA: 1 mi E Pedernales , 7400’, 12.vii.1964 (1♀), J. Powell ( EME) . Mesa de Heracan , 21–25.vii.1964 (1♀), J. Martin ( EME) . DISTRITO FEDERAL: La Venta, [no date] (1♂), T. Escalente ( NMNH) . DURANGO: Arroyo Los Mimbres , 2200 m, 14.viii.1984 (1♂), E. Welling ( EME) . 31 mi E El Salto , flushed from Quercus , 18.vii.1964 (1♂), J. Chemsak ( EME) . 28 mi E El Salto , 8000’, flushed from Arctostaphylos , 22.vii.1964 (1♂), J. Powell ( EME) . 3 mi W El Salto , 9000’, 22.vii.1964 (2♂), 23.vii.1964 (1♂, 3♀), J. Chemsak & J. Powell ( EME) . 10 mi W El Salto , 8800’, 10–15.vii.1964 (7♂, 1♀), 13.vii.1964 (2♂), 18–19.vii.1964 (1♂, 2♀), 21–23.vii.1964 (9♂, 7♀), 30.vii.1964 (5♂, 5♀), 1–4.viii, 1964 (20♂, 27♀), all J. Chemsak & J. Powell ( EME) , 9000', 27–30.vi.1964 (4♂, 1♀), W. McGuffin ( CNC) , 1–7.vii.1964 (4♀), J. McGuffin ( CNC) , 8.vii–11.viii.1964 (62♂, 61♀), J. Martin ( CNC) . 1 mi W El Salto , 8600’, 9.viii.1986 (12♂, 9♀), reared from eggs on synthetic diet, lot JAP 86H20, emgd. 28.x–14.xii.1986 (5♂, 8♀) . 3 mi S El Salto , 8000’, 10.viii.1986 (16♂, 3♀), 10.viii.1987 (2♂), J. Powell ( EME) . 4 mi S El Salto , 8000’, 9.viii.1986 (5♀), reared from eggs on synthetic diet, lot JAP 86H23, emgd. 1.xi–3.xii.1986 (9♂, 11♀), 10.viii.1986 (77♂, 18♀), J. Brown & J. Powell ( EME) . Las Rusias , 12 mi E La Ciudad, 9200’, 14–18.viii.1972 (44♂, 12♀), C. MacNeill, J. Powell, & D. Veirs ( EME) , 2.viii.1985 (5♂, 8♀), J. Brown ( EME) . Puente Mimbres , 3.viii.1985 (1♂, 1♀), J. Brown ( EME) . Tepalcates , 30 mi W Durango, 11.viii.1986 (2♀), J. Brown & J. Powell ( EME) . MEXICO: 7 km WSW Juchitepec , 2750 m, 24.viii.1987 (3♂), J. Brown, J. Doyen & J. Powell ( EME) . NUEVO LEON: 4 mi W Iturbide , 5500’, 25.ix.1975 (5♂, 3♀), J. Chemsak, T. Friedlander & J. Powell ( EME) , 13–14.ix.1976 (4♂, 11♀), J. Chemsak & J. Powell ( EME) . PUEBLA: 7 km SE Morelos Canada, 4–5.vii.1974 (2♂, 3♀), J. Chemsak & J. Powell ( EME) . 2 mi SW Tehuacan , 5300’, 4.x.1974 (1♀), T. Eichlin, T. Friedlander & J. Powell ( EME) . 10 km N Tehuacan , 1650 m, 20.viii.1987 (1♂), J. Doyen ( EME) . SAN LUIS POTOSI: Mpio. Pueblo Nuevo, La Ciudad , 2475 m, 15.viii.1984 (1♂), E. Welling ( EME) . Mpio Cd. del Maiz, El Platanito, 27–28.vii.1984 (2♂) , 1150 m, 31.vii.1984 (1♂), E. Welling ( EME) . SINALOA: 15 mi W El Palmito , 18.vii.1964 (1♂), J. Chemsak & J. Powell ( EME) . 8 mi W El Palmito , 19.vii.1964 (1♂, 6♀), 29.vii.1964 (4♀), J. Chemsak & J. Powell ( EME) , 6400’, 8–12.viii.1972 (2♀), C. MacNeill, J. Powell & D. Veirs ( EME) , 6100’, 6.viii.1986 (1♀), J. Brown & J. Powell ( EME) . 1 mi W El Palmito , 6100’, 8.viii.1986 (2♂, 2♀), J. Brown & J. Powell ( EME) . 9 mi W El Palmito , 4.viii.1985 (1♀), J. Brown & J. Powell ( EME) . TLAXCALA: Altamira Guadalupe, 2850 m, 22.vii.1984 (9♂, 8♀), E. Welling ( EME) . VERACRUZ: Cañon Las Minas , 13 km NE Perote, 2150 m, 18–19.viii.1987 (5♂, 2♀), J. Brown & J. Powell ( EME) . 22 km W Mendoza , 2150 m, 13.viii.1987 (1♀), J. Brown & J. Powell ( EME) . near San Andres , 5 km W Jalapa, 1600 m, 19.vii.1987 (1♂), J. Brown & J. Powell ( EME) . U.S.A.: ARIZONA: Cochise Co: Palmerlee [Huachuca Mts., Miller Canyon], [no date] (1♀), Barnes Collection ( NMNH) . Chiricahua Mts., Rustler Park , 8–9000’, 26.vii.1927 (1♂), J. Kusche ( CAS) , 8500’, 12.vii.1972 (1♀), J. Powell ( EME) , 2.viii.1973 (1♀), J. Powell & S. Szerlip ( EME) . S Fork Cave Creek , 3 mi SW Portal, flushed from Quercus hypoleucoides , 16.vii.1972 (1♂), J. Powell ( EME) . Herb Martyr Dam , 5800’, 13.vii.1972 (1♀), J. Powell ( EME) . Chiricahua Mts., Turkey Creek , 5600’, 2.viii.1986 (2♂), J. Powell ( EME) . COLORADO: Custer Co: Davenport Camp , 36 mi S Florence, 8500’, 1.vii.1967 (1♂), 4.vii.1967 (1♀), F., P. & J. Rindge ( AMNH) . Montezuma Co: Mesa Verde National Park , 8000’, 3.viii.1967 (1♂, 1♀), D. & K. Rentz ( EME) . NEW MEXICO: Sandoval Co : 2 mi E LaJara, 7200’, 20.vii.1950 (1♂), P. Boone, M. Cazier & T. Cohn ( AMNH) . Horseshoe Springs Camp , 2 mi W La Cueva, 7900’, 28.vii.1961 (1♂), F., P. & J. Rindge ( AMNH) . Grant Co: McMillan Camp , 13 mi N Silver City, 6800’, 19.vii.1961 (1♂), F., P. & J. Rindge ( AMNH) .

Immature stages. Eggs are peach to brownish orange, turning yellowish during development. Eggs are somewhat irregularly overlapped, laid in round patches of 1– 39 eggs (= 11.1 eggs per patch, n = 22). Embryos are clearly visible through the translucent eggshell, and the stemmatal patch is visible after 48–72 hrs. Eggs hatch in 10–12 days, longer at cooler temperatures. Larvae web edges of synthetic diet or leaves. They fed on synthetic diet and Q. lobata but would not accept Prunus . Larvae are slender and reddish brown; the anal comb has nine tines. Development time to pupation ranged from 57 days to more than six months.

Biology. Adults have been collected from June through September. Although the larvae of this species are probably generalists, possible host preferences include Quercus (adults flushed from Q. hypoleucoides ) and Arctostaphylos . Habitats include coniferous forest with quaking aspen in New Mexico, and pinyon-juniper, oak-cottonwood, and willow- Rhus associations in Colorado, up to 9200’ (2830 m) elevation.

Distribution. Sparganothoides hydeana is known from the mountains of Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico, U.S.A., ranging south to the state of Puebla, Mexico.

Remarks. Klots (1936) commented that S. hydeana was very common at Little Tesuque Canon, the type locality; however, this species typically is less common than S. machimiana in the northern parts of its range (e.g., Colorado) and more widespread and abundant southward in Mexico.

Figures

FIGURES 7–12. Male genitalia of Sparganothoides; valvae spread, aedeagus removed. 7. S. hydeana. 8. S. machimiana. 9. S. laderana. 10. S. amitana. 11. S. calthograptana. 12. S. coloratana.

FIGURES 39–47. Female genitalia of Sparganothoides. 39. S. hydeana; 40. S. machimiana. 41. S. amitana. 42. S. calthograptana. 43. S. coloratana. 44. S. canities. 45. S. lugens. 46. S. vinolenta. 47. S. ocrisana.

FIGURES 61–78. Adults of Sparganothoides. 61. S. hydeana (paratype: USA: NM: Santa Fe County, Little Tesuque Canon, 9200', 27.vii – 10.viii.1932, A. Klots). 62. S. machimiana (USA: AZ: Santa Cruz County, 7 mi. SE Nogales, 1.viii.1991, P. Opler, Y. Hsu and D. Rubinoff). 63 S. laderana (holotype). 64. S. amitana (paratype). 65. S. calthograptana (holotype). 66. S. coloratana (holotype). 67. S. audentiana (holotype). 68. S. canities (paratype). 69. S. teratana (Panama: Cerro Campana, 11–14.vii.1967, O. Flint, Jr.). 70. S. carycrosana (holotype). 71. S. plemmelana (holotype). 72. S. lugens (Mexico: Veracruz: 1 mi. W Fortin, 25.xii.1963 as larva on miscellaneous leaves, emerged 20.ii.1964, C. O'Brien). 73. S. castanea (holotype). 74. S. vinolenta (Mexico: Distrito Federal: La Venta, 22.v.1938, T. Escalante). 75. S. ocrisana (paratype, male: Costa Rica: Puntarenas, Monteverde, 1350–1400m, 22–24.vii.1990, J. Powell, JAP lot 90G14, emerged 6.xi.1990). 76. S. ocrisana (paratype, female: Costa Rica: Puntarenas, Monteverde, 1350–1400m, 22–24.vii.1990, J. Powell). 77. S. xenopsana (holotype). 78. S. umbosana (holotype).