Mitsukurinidae, D.S.Jordan, 1898

Elasmobranch, Its Implications For Global, Parasitology, Diversity And, Naylor, G. J. P., Sc, Caira, J. N., Ct, Jensen, K., Ks, Rosana, K. A. M., Fl, White, W. T., Csiro, Tas, Last, P. R., Csiro & Tas, 2012, A Dna Sequence-Based Approach To The Identification Of Shark And Ray Species And Its Implications For Global Elasmobranch Diversity And Parasitology, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2012 (367), pp. 1-262 : 52-53

Mitsukurinidae (goblin sharks)

Mitsukurina owstoni (goblin shark) ( fig. 35)

All three specimens of this species included in the analysis were collected from localities in the Pacific Ocean (i.e., California, Tasmania, and Japan), and thus they represent only a relatively small portion of the distribution of this species. These specimens differed from one another by only 0–2, with an average of 1.3 bases. One of the samples was taken from a specimen at the Los Angeles County Museum (GN1798 5 LACM 47362-1).

ORECTOLOBIFORMES (carpet sharks) Hemiscylliidae (longtailed carpetsharks)

Chiloscyllium punctatum (brownbanded bam-

booshark) complex ( fig. 36)

A total of 56 specimens originally identified as Chiloscyllium punctatum were included in the analysis. These were collected from Thailand, Singapore, Malaysian and Indonesian Borneo, Vietnam, and Australia. The analysis yielded two distinct clusters, one consisting of the two specimens from Australia ; the other consisting of the 54 specimens from the remaining localities. One sample from Borneo was vouchered (GN4446 5 CAS 229025 ). The two specimens in the Australian cluster differed from one another by a single base. The range in pairwise differences among the 54 specimens in the second cluster was 0–10, with an average of 3.3. While some structure within the second cluster was observed, the averages of these differences (e.g., 5 between a group comprised of 3 of the specimens from Sabah and a group comprised of specimens primarily from Sarawak) were determined to be too small to warrant further mention at this time. The average of the pairwise differences between specimens of the two main clusters was 27.8. Given that the type locality of C. punctatum is Jakarta, the cluster comprised of specimens collected from Thailand, Singapore, and Borneo was given that provisional designation .

The haplotype map colored by phenotype ( fig. 92A) supports the distinction between these two species in that there is no overlap in haplotypes among specimens of these two species. The haplotype map colored by geography ( fig. 92B) illustrates the allopatric nature of the distribution of these two taxa. Although Last and Stevens (2009) provisionally referred to Australian populations as C. punctatum , this analysis suggest these specimens may represent an undescribed species. Thus, the specimens in the Australian cluster have been referred to here as Chiloscyllium cf. punctatum . Taxonomic revision of this species is currently being undertaken by W.W., P.L., and Gordon Yearsley.

Chiloscyllium indicum (slender bambooshark)

( fig. 36)

The 42 specimens of this species included in the analysis were all collected from either Malaysian or Indonesian Borneo and thus represent only a portion of the Indo-West Pacific distribution of this species. Eleven of the specimens from Borneo were vouchered (GN4467 5 CAS 229031, GN4471 5 CAS 229032, GN3440 5 ANFC H 6123-01, GN3676 5 ANFC H 6213-01, GN3692 5 ANFC H 6214-01, GN3693 5 ANFC H 6214-02, GN3511 5 IPPS BO294, GN3470 5 IPPS BO253, GN3488 5 IPPS BO271, GN3679 5 IPPS BO468, and GN4276 5 MZB 15.505). The analysis yielded essentially a single cluster, with a range of pairwise differences among specimens in this cluster of 0–11, with an average of 1.5. Significant morphological variation exits among specimens of C. indicum , even from the same collection locality, and a more thorough investigation of the material is needed. The average of the pairwise differences between C. indicum and C. punctatum was 132.1, and between specimens of C. indicum and those of C. cf. punctatum 132.2.

Chiloscyllium plagiosum (whitespotted bam-

booshark) ( fig. 36)

The analysis included three specimens of this species, which were collected from Singapore and Malaysian and Indonesian Borneo, and were identical in sequence. The average of the pairwise differences seen between these specimens and those of C. indicum was 115.9, those of C. punctatum 128.2, and those of C. cf. punctatum 128.5.

Hemiscyllium ocellatum (epaulette shark) ( fig. 36)

This genus was relatively poorly represent- ed in our analysis. Only three specimens of a single species were included and all three of these were of H. ocellatum collected from Cairns, Australia. These were identical in sequence and of particular interest is the fact that this cluster grouped among species of Chiloscyllium .

Chiloscyllium hasseltii (Indonesian bambooshark)

( fig. 36)

The analysis included 13 specimens of this species, 12 from Borneo, and one from Singapore. The analysis yielded a single tight cluster. Three of the specimens from Borneo were vouchered (GN4458 5 CAS 229029, GN3416 5 ANFC H 6122-01, and GN3704 5 IPPS BO494.) The range in pairwise differences among members of this cluster was 0–4, with an average of 0.7. The average of the pairwise differences between specimens of this species and those of C. punctatum was 142.3, between this species and C. cf. punctatum 143.5, between those of C. indicum 157.6, and between those of C. plagiosum 150.9.

Chiloscyllium griseum (gray bambooshark)

( fig. 36)

Two specimens collected from Maharastra, India, and preliminarily identified as C. griseum were included in the analysis. These specimens differed from one another by one base and clustered most closely with the specimens of C. hasseltii . The averages of the pairwise differences between this species and its congeners were as follows: 137.8 from C. punctatum , 140 from C. cf. punctatum , 162.1 from C. indicum , 147.5 from C. plagiosum , and 119.6 from C. hasseltii . We have no images or retained specimens of this taxon, so their identity is somewhat uncertain. Howev- er, given that two of the three other described species of Chiloscyllium not included here occur only in localities well outside India (i.e., Madagascar for C. caeruleopunctatum and Burma for C. burmensis ), and that the specimens from India lacked the dorsal ridges typical of C. arabicum and lacked the dark marks on the fins seen in C. burmensis , this identification is likely to be correct. Alternatively, these specimens may represent an as yet undescribed species of Chiloscyllium . NADH2 data for the three remaining described species of the genus would do much to help confirm this identification.