Zagrammosoma occidentale Perry, 2021

Perry, Ryan K. & Heraty, John M., 2021, Read between the lineata: A revision of the tattooed wasps, Zagrammosoma Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with descriptions of eleven new species, Zootaxa 4916 (1), pp. 1-108 : 82-85

Zagrammosoma occidentale Perry n. sp.

( Fig. 36 )

Diagnosis. Zagrammosoma occidentale is characterized by a reduction in color patterns on the body, similar to Z. melinum ( Fig. 30 ). The gaster patterns are unique to each species ( Fig. 30D vs 36D), as are the wing patterns ( Fig. 30C versus 36C). The metacoxa is completely yellow in Z. occidentale ( Fig. 36B ) and with a dark stripe basally in Z. melinum ( Fig. 30B ).

Description. Female - body length 1.03–1.72 mm. Metallic luster on body absent. Scape yellow with black stripe dorsally. Lower face with median stripe absent. Vertex with 2 stripes above compound eye. Gena posteriorly with dark stripes below compound eye. Occiput yellow with 2 dark, vertical stripes. Pronotum with median stripe interrupted or uninterrupted; laterally with to black stripes. Prepectus all yellow. Mesoscutum with median stripe interrupted or uninterrupted. Mesoscutellum with three stripes, sometimes faint. Propodeum yellow with black median carina, anterior and posterior margins. Procoxa, mesocoxa, and metacoxa yellow. Profemur, mesofemur, and metafemur yellow. Fore wing: basal and cubital bands absent; parastigmal band present, with perpendicular extension less than or equal to that of stigmal apex; stigmal and postmarginal bands present, with perpendicular extension greater than that of stigmal apex; connections from parastigmal band to stigmal band, and from stigmal band to postmarginal band absent. Hind wing hyaline. Gaster yellow with dark median and transverse stripes.

Upper ocular sulcus present. Pedicel longer than wide. Funiculars symmetrical: first longer than wide to wider than long (w:l = 0.88–1.25); second wider than long (w:l = 1.14–1.25).

Pronotum, in dorsal view, bell-shaped or more than twice as wide as long (w:l = 1.83–2.4); 3–4 pairs of setae along posterior margin. Mesoscutum reticulate; small, scattered setae and intermediate setae present. Mesoscutellum wider than long (w:l = 1.08–1.13); submedian grooves present. Hind tibial spur shorter than or equal in length to basitarsus. Hind basitarsus shorter than second tarsomere (bst:2 nd = 0.73–0.83).

Fore wing l:w = 2.05–2.15. Submarginal vein with 4–7 setae dorsally. Basal fold asetose or with 1–2 setae. Cubital fold setose. Admarginal setae present. Uncus originating on stigma by more than own length from stigmal apex.

Male - as female, except: body length 0.7–1.13 mm; occiput all yellow, or with two dark, vertical stripes; mesoscutum with small, scattered setae absent or present; postmarginal band absent or present with perpendicular extension less than or greater than that of stigmal apex.

Remarks. This is a commonly collected species in western North America. Many specimens of Z. occidentale were identified as Z. americanum or Z. melinum , however, there are sufficient morphological and color differences between the species, and the molecular analysis recovers all three as unique species ( Fig. 2 ).

Hosts. Reared from dipteran and lepidopteran leaf miners. See Table 3. Diptera : Cecidomyiidae . Lepidoptera : Gracillariidae .

Distribution. Nearctic: Mexico (PU), USA (AZ, CA, NV, TX), Neotropical: Mexico (BS) ( Fig. 37 ).

Etymology. The name is from the Latin word occidentalis, named for the distribution in the western part of North America.

Type Material. Holotype: USA: California: San Bernardino Co., Wildhorse Mdws; Rd 2N93, 2630m, 34°12’3”N, 116°46’24”W, 13.v.2010, D. Yanega [1♀, UCRCENT330168], deposited at UCRC . Paratypes: USA: Arizona: Santa Cruz Co., Casa Blanca Cyn., 1440m, 31°38’57”N, 110°45’28”W, 23.vi.2015, J. Heraty, mesquite, swp, H15-050 [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT499454 (D5917)] . California: Imperial Co., Hwy 98, nr. Sunrise Butte , 103m, 32°40’21”N, 115°50’57”W, 18.iii.2010, J. Mottern, desert scrub, sweep, M10-002 [2♁, UCRC: UCRCENT312429 (D4578), 499459 (D5930)]. Inyo Co., Panamint Valley, 1.5 mi. S. Indian Ranch, 36°07’28”N, 117°12’49”W, 20.v.1991, J. D. Pinto, Prosopis & Aremopsis, swp [1♀, CNC: CNC508671 ]. Riverside Co. , Terwilliger Rd. S. of Anza , 1269m, 33°27’32”N, 116°38’10”W, 31.viii–7.ix.2008, G. Pratt, malaise trap [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT312427 (D4576)]. San Diego Co. , Pauma, Rutz grove, 374m, 33°20’14”N, 116°58’57”W, 10.viii.2009, R. Luck, # 95, host: Phyllocnistis citrella , host plant: Lemon [1♁, UCRC: UCRCENT485718 ]. Ventura Co. , Ventura, Limoneira ranch, 88m, 34°20’0”N, 119°08’0”W, 12.x.2008, B. Faber, #77, host: Phyllocnistis citrella , host plant: Libson Lemon [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT275016 ]. Nevada: Clark Co. , Valley of Fire State Park , 1 mi. W. West entrance, 36°24’41”N, 114°32’58”W, 30.iii.1989, J. D. Pinto, swp [1♀, CNC: CNC508675 ]. Texas: Reeves Co. , Balmorhea Lake , 970m, 30°58’27”N, 103°43’14”W, 26.vi.2015, J. Heraty, flowers, swp, H15-059 [1♁, UCRC: UCRCENT499456 ] .

Additional material examined. MEXICO: Baja California Sur: 1 mi. S. Bahía de los Ángeles, 18m, 28°55’59”N, 113°33’7”W, 26–27.iii.1979, J. LaSalle, habitat: Larrea divaricata [1♀, ANIC: UCRCENT238604]. Las Barracas, 975m, 23°28’25”N, 109°27’8”W, 1.vi.1984, P. DeBach, Pan trap [1♁, UCRC: UCRCENT499022], 1.vi.1985, Pan trap [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT499023], 15.vi.1985, Pan trap [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT499019], 16.v.1985, P. DeBach, Pan trap [1♁, UCRC: UCRCENT499020], 17.v.1985, P. DeBach, Pan trap [1♁, UCRC: UCRCENT499021], 29.iv.1985, P. DeBach, Pan trap [1♁, UCRC: UCRCENT499024]. Puebla: 4.4 mi. SW Acatepec, 16°43’11”N, 98°27’9”W, 21.vii.1984, J. Woolley [1♁, CNC: CNC 508871]. USA: Arizona: Cochise Co., 10 mi. W. Portal, 31°55’34”N, 109°15’18”W, 20.viii.1971, E. E. Grissell & R. F. Denno, on Juniperus [1♀, UCDC: UCRCENT477977]. 20 mi. N. of Portal, 1123m, 32°12’18”N, 109°08’27”W, 16.viii.1990, J. D. Pinto, screen sweeping [2♁, CNC: CNC 508864, 508868]. 5 mi. W. Portal, 31°53’0”N, 109°12’21”W, 23.x–15.xi.1981, M. Huybensz [1♀, USNM: UCRCENT471570]. Foothills Rd, 1420m, 31°55’1”N, 109°07’41”W, 28.vi.2015, J. Heraty, Chilopsis , swp, H15-062 [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT499455 (D5918)]. Ghost Town Trail, 1454m, 31°43’30”N, 109°48’42”W, 10.viii.2009, J. Mottern, dry wash, sweep, M09-037 [2♁ 5♀, UCRC: UCRCENT323433, 323453, 323460, 323486, 499277, 499460, 499461]. Hwy 80, E. of Douglas, 1336m, 31°41’58”N, 109°07’35”W, 2.viii.2003, J. Heraty, Chilopsis & weeds, H03-077 [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT499278]. San Simon (San Simeon on label), 9m, 32°16’1”N, 109°13’34”W, 2.xi.1982, G. Gordh [2♁, UCRC: UCRCENT499292, 499293]. San Simon Rd., 1100m, 32°16’21”N, 109°15’52”W, 26.viii.1997, B.G. Carey, sweep, host plant: Larrea , Parthenium , Sphaeralcea , Senecio [1♁, UCRC: UCRCENT499289]. SWRS nr. Portal, 1645m, 31°53’0”N, 109°12’21”W, 26.v.1981, M. E. Schauff, sweep [1♁ 1♀, USNM:UCRCENT471600, 471601]. Graham Co., ~ 15 mi. S. of Safford, 32°36’36”N, 109°42’0”W, 26.vii.1997, M. Gates [1♀, USNM: UCRCENT471579]. Pima Co. , 1 mi. E. Ajo, 32°21’59”N, 112°50’20”W, 17.viii.1971, E. E. Grissell & R. F. Denno, Larrea [1♀, USNM: UCRCENT477971]. Tucson, 750m, 32°13’18”N, 110°55’35”W, 16.iv.1959, M. Adachi, host: Asphondylia gall, host plant: Larrea divaricata fruit [1♁, USNM: UCRCENT471598]. Pinal Co., 10 mi. N. Catalina Mtns., 1327m, 32°37’26”N, 110°46’41”W, 24.v.1981, M. E. Schauff [1♁ 4♀, USNM: UCRCENT471564–68]. California: Imperial Co., Algodones Dunes, S. Ruthven, 115m, 32°55’30”N, 114°59’34”W, 28.iv.2001, D. Yanega [2♁ 1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT221649, 221650, 221666]. Holtville, - 3m, 32°48’40”N, 115°22’49”W, 17.iii.1904, R.A. Flock, host plant: Larrea [1♀, USNM: UCRCENT471656]. N. Glamis, 113m, 33°00’23”N, 115°03’54”W, 11.ii.1982, G. Gordh [2♀, UCRC: UCRCENT499295, 499297]. N. Glamis, 125m, 33°00’23”N, 115°03’54”W, 11.ii.1982, J. T. Huber [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT499298]. Palo Verde, 33°25’49”N, 114°43’41”W, 8.iv.1970, E. E. Grissell [1♁, UCDC: UCRCENT477989]. Inyo Co., 14 km NW Darwin, 36°19’51”N, 117°42’52”W, 25.v.1994, S. L. Heydon, white flowers [3♁ 2♀, UCDC: UCRCENT477964–68]. 22 mi. W. Panamint Springs, 1433m, 36°20’1”N, 117°44’13”W, 7.v.1961, D. Q. Cavagnaro [1♁, UCDC: UCRCENT477992]. 6 km E. Big Pine, 37°10’0”N, 118°13’0”W, 24.v.1994, S. L. Heydon [1♀, UCDC: UCRCENT477970]. Darwin Falls, 897m, 36°19’15”N, 117°31’28”W, 17.v.1970, E. E. Grissell, on Eriogonum inflatum [7♁, UCDC: UCRCENT477978–84]. Darwin Falls, 897m, 36°19’15”N, 117°31’28”W, 17.v.1970, R. M. Bohart [3♁, UCDC: UCRCENT477985–87]. Darwin Falls, 897m, 36°19’15”N, 117°31’28”W, 9.iv.1972, R. M. Bohart [1♁, UCDC: UCRCENT477988]. Indian Ranch, Panamint Vly., 344m, 36°08’36”N, 117°13’1”W, 13. v.1980, G. Gordh [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT499296]. Indian Ranch, Panamint Vly., 345m, 36°08’36”N, 117°13’1”W, 18.v.1980, G. Gordh, host plant: Larrea or Prosopis [1♁, UCRC: UCRCENT499294]. Panamint Vly. Near Indian Ranch, 449m, 36°05’48”N, 117°12’24”W, 29.iv.1975, J. D. Pinto [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT499281]. Surprise Cyn., Panamint Mts., 1209m, 36°06’53”N, 117°09’5”W, 25.iv.1957, P. H. Timberlake, host plant: Eriogonum inflatum [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT499288]. Surprise Cyn., Panamint Mts., 1229m, 36°06’53”N, 117°09’3”W, 27.iv.1981, G. Gordh [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT499291]. Kern Co., Red Rock Cyn., 786m, 35°22’24”N, 117°59’10”W, 2–3. iv.1981, G. Gordh [2♀, UCRC: UCRCENT499300, 499301]. Los Angeles Co., Littlerock Recreation Area, 34°28’16”N, 118°01’16”W, 10.vi.1998, J. Heraty, H98-081 [2♀, UCRC: UCRCENT49013, 175197 (D0111)]. Orange Co., Sycamore Canyon Reg. Park, 297m, 33°49’21”N, 117°45’59”W, 11.vi.2016, R. K. Perry, grasses, annuals, swp, RP16/006 [2♀, UCRC: UCRCENT485253–485254]. Riverside Co., 36°50’56”N, 117°05’2”W, 14. iii.1968, G.C. & J. Wheeler, host: Asphondylia gall, host plant: Larrea sp. [1♀, USNM: UCRCENT471569]. AGOPS 3C (Iowa), 305m, 33°58’20”N, 117°20’21”W, 1.xi.2008, R. Luck, host: Phyllocnistis citrella , host plant: Lemon [1♁, UCRC: UCRCENT485726]. AG-OPS 3C (IOWA), 305m, 33°58’20”N, 117°20’21”W, 13.ii.2008, R. Luck, # 31 A, host: Phyllocnistis citrella , host plant: Lemon [2♁, UCRC: UCRCENT485724, 485725]. Berdoo Canyon, 321m, 33°48’43”N, 116°10’24”W, 26.iv.1979, G. Gordh [4♀, UCRC: UCRCENT312318–312321]. Harford Springs Park, 623m, 33°48’6”N, 117°20’41”W, 26.iii.2010, D. Yanega, open scrub and grassland, sweep [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT323181]. S. Pinyon Crest, 1305m, 33°35’54”N, 116°26’29”W, 13–14.vi.2009, D. Yanega [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT325853]. Soboba, Ind. Res., 564m, 34°18’1”N, 117°30’24”W, 10.viii.2009, R. Luck, #96, host: Phyllocnistis citrella , host plant: Grapefruit [1♁, UCRC: UCRCENT485723], 18.xi.2008, R. Luck, #75, host: Phyllocnistis citrella , host plant: Grapefruit [2♀, UCRC: UCRCENT292660, 292687], 29.xi.2006, R. Luck, #24, host: Phyllocnistis citrella , host plant: Grapefruit [2♁, UCRC: UCRCENT485721, 485722], 29.xi.2006, R. Luck, #24, host: Phyllocnistis citrella , host plant: Grapefruit [2♁, UCRC: UCRCENT485721, 485722]. Terwilliger Rd. S. of Anza, 1269m, 33°27’32”N, 116°38’10”W, 31.viii–7.ix.2008, G. Pratt, malaise trap [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT357518 (D3660)]. Thermal Plaza nursery, - 44m, 33°28’5”N, 116°06’4”W, 29.xi.2006, R. Luck, host: Phyllocnistis citrella , host plant: Grapefruit [1♁, UCRC: UCRCENT485715]. Thousand Palms Oasis, 166m, 33°50’14”N, 116°18’35”W, 26.iii.1997, M. Gates, Sweep [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT312360]. Thousand Palms, 66m, 33°48’47”N, 116°23’31”W, 20.xi.1955, W. R. Richards [1♀, UCDC: UCRCENT477976]. San Bernardino Co., 29 Palms, 571m, 34°08’54”N, 116°02’13”W, 29.viii.1934, Timberlake Coll., host plant: Wislizenia refracta [2♀, UCRC: UCRCENT499279, UCRC: UCRCENT499280]. 29 Palms, JTNP, Oasis of Mara, 602m, 34°07’42”N, 116°02’19”W, 29.iv.2011, D. Yanega [5♀, UCRC: UCRCENT336279, 336398, 336405, 337267, 337282]. 3 mi. E. Halloran Sprgs. Rd. N. side I-15, 1084 m, 35°23’23”N, 115°50’48”W, 30.iv.1998, Gates & Carey [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT312359]. 0.5mi. N. jct.Kelbaker Rd& I- 40, 942m, 34°43’41”N, 115°40’43”W, 17.v.1997, M. Gates[1♁ 2♀, UCRC: UCRCENT471561, 471562, 65500], 20.iv.1997, M. Gates [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT312361], 20.v.1997, M. Gates [1♁, UCRC: UCRCENT065295], 27.ix.1998, Gates & Osborne, sandy wash [1♁ 1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT65449–50]. Baldy Mesa, 1071m, 34°27’14”N, 117°27’4”W, 29.v.1980, G. Gordh [5♀, UCRC: UCRCENT499302–499306]. Burns Pinon Ridge Reserve, 1260m, 34°08’57”N, 116°27’11”W, 23.v.2005, R. L. Zuparko, host plant: Chilopsis linearis arcuata [1♀, EMEC: EMEC 66232]. Mitchell’s Caverns, 34°56’27”N, 115°30’52”W, 25.ix.1984, D. Pinto [2♁ 2♀, UCRC: UCRCENT499284–499287]. Pearblossom (security trailer), 934m, 34°30’29”N, 117°53’32”W, 8.v.2013, R. K. Perry, swp, RP13/003 [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT499462 (D5933)]. UC Granite Mtns. Reserve, Granite Cove, 1300m, 34°46’57”N, 115°39’15”W, 13–20.iv.1997, M. W. Gates, malaise trap [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT065437]. San Diego Co., Borrego Valley, 150m, 33°12’41”N, 116°18’58”W, 15.iv.1981, J. T. Huber [1♁, UCRC: UCRCENT312366]. Borrego Valley, 150m, 33°12’41”N, 116°18’58”W, 22.iv.1981, G. Gordh [1♁ 3♀, UCRC: UCRCENT312362–312365]. Borrego Valley, 187m, 33°15’41”N, 116°22’52”W, 10.vii.1981, G. Gordh [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT499299]. Collins Valley, Coyote Canyon Rd., 411m, 33°22’55”N, 116°26’59”W, 23.iii.1997, M. Gates & D. Hawks [9♀, UCRC: UCRCENT312331–312338, 499282]. Coyote Canyon. Anza Borrego, 333m, 33°21’57”N, 116°24’56”W, 15.iv.1981, G. Gordh [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT312358]. Coyote Canyon. Anza Borrego, 333m, 33°21’57”N, 116°24’56”W, 22.iv.1981, G. Gordh [3♁ 2♀, UCRC: UCRCENT312353–312357]. Fallbrook, 40401 De Luz Rd, 268m, 33°04’0”N, 117°02’0”W, 17.x.2006, T. Shea, #12, host: Phyllocnistis citrella , host plant: Valencia [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT292717]. Pala, 37020 Magee Rd, Flour Ranch, 395m, 33°23’17”N, 117°02’29”W, 1.xi.2006, T. Shea, #19, host: Phyllocnistis citrella , host plant: Grapefruit [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT292903]. Pauma, Rutz grove, 305m, 33°20’14”N, 116°58’57”W, 7.viii.2008, R. Luck, host: Phyllocnistis citrella , host plant: Valencia [5♁ 7♀, UCRC: UCRCENT274989, 274990, 275072, 275083–275088, 275090, 275092–93]. Pauma, Rutz grove, 374m, 33°20’14”N, 116°58’57”W, 1.xi.2006, T. Shea, #20, host: Phyllocnistis citrella ,host plant:Valencia [1♁, UCRC:UCRCENT292878].Pauma,Rutz grove, 374m, 33°20’14”N, 116°58’57”W, 10.viii.2009, R. Luck, # 95, host: Phyllocnistis citrella , host plant: Lemon [11♁ 7♀, UCRC: UCRCENT274987, 275011, 275043, 275056, 275061, 275074, 275078, 292851, 292867, 292875, 292885, 292886, 292888, 292890, 485716, 485717, 485719, 485720]. San Elijo Lagoon, 0.25 mi. from El Camino Real entrance, 7m, 34°00’42”N, 117°16’22”W, 7.viii.1996, M. Gates [1♀, USNM: UCRCENT471599]. Ventura Co., Oxnard/Central & Rose NE, 34m, 34°14’51”N, 119°08’33”W, 30.vii.2008, Tom Roberts, host: Phyllocnistis citrella , host plant: Eureka lemons, bulk rearing, #35 [2♀, UCRC: UCRENT1419, 1420]. Ventura, Limoneira ranch, 88m, 34°20’0”N, 119°08’0”W, 19.ii.2009, R. Luck, #82, host: Phyllocnistis citrella , host plant: Lisbon Lemon [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT292625], 15.i.2009, B. Faber, #78, host: Phyllocnistis citrella , host plant: Lemon [1♁ 1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT292645, 292749], 12.x.2008, B. Faber, #77, host: Phyllocnistis citrella , host plant: Lemon [2♁, UCRC: UCRCENT275019, 275032]. Nevada: Nye Co., Mercury, 1153m, 36°39’39”N, 115°59’40”W, 1975, A. C. Cole Jr. [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT499290]. Texas: Brewster Co., Big Bend Natl. Pk., 12.5 mi. SE Panther Jct., 762m, 29°12’0”N, 103°02’24”W, 10–16.vii.1982, G. Gibson [1♀, CNC: CNC 508861]. Big Bend Natl. Pk., 12.5 mi. SE Panther Jct., 762m, 29°12’0”N, 103°02’24”W, 29.vi.1982, G. Gibson, sweep [2♀, CNC: CNC 508869, 508870]. Big Bend Natl. Pk., 2.7 km NE Castolon, 688m, 29°09’6”N, 103°29’59”W, 14.vii.1982, G. Gibson [1♀, CNC: CNC 508862]. Big Bend Natl. Pk., Croton Spr., 914.4m, 29°20’40”N, 103°20’47”W, 6.vii.1986, J. Heraty [5♁ 2♀, UCRC: UCRCENT312340–312345, 414296]. Big Bend Natl. Pk., Government Spring, 1200m, 29°20’25”N, 103°15’20”W, 3.vii.1986, J. Heraty, H86301 [2♁, UCRC: UCRCENT312346, 312347]. Culberson Co., 3.6 mi. S. Pine Spgs., old Guadeloupe Pass Hwy., 1584m, 31°51’50”N, 104°50’13”W, 20–22.vii.1982, G. Gibson [1♀, CNC: CNC 508863]. El Paso Co., Franklin Mnts SP., 31°55’40”N, 106°30’28”W, 29.vi.2015, A. Baker & P. Masonick, AB15.033 [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT485256]. Jefferson Davis Co., 9 mi. SE Ft. Davis, 30°31’49”N, 103°46’59”W, 23.viii.1967, R.C. Gardner, C. R. Kovacic [1♁, UCDC: UCRCENT477993]. Reeves Co., Balmorhea Lake, 970m, 30°58’27”N, 103°43’14”W, 26.vi.2015, J. Heraty, flowers, swp, H15-059 [2♀, UCRC: UCRCENT485255, 499457]. Terrell Co., ~ 5 mi. W. Sanderson, 841m, 30°09’59”N, 102°28’9”W, 18.vii.1997, M. Gates [1♁ 1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT499283, 471563].

Figures

FIGURE 2. Maximum likelihood tree using 28S D2 & D3–5, ITS2, and COI NJ. Bootstrap values shown. The varying colors within Zagrammosoma indicate different species.

FIGURE 30. Zagrammosoma melinum, ♀: (A) head, frontolateral, (B) lateral habitus, (C) fore wing, dorsal, (D–E) dorsal habi- tus; (F) ♁ dorsal habitus. Scale bar = 0.2 mm (A), 0.5 mm (B–F).

FIGURE 36. Zagrammosoma occidentale n. sp., ♀: (A) head, frontolateral, (B) lateral habitus, (C) fore wing, dorsal, (D) dorsal habitus; (E) ♁ dorsal habitus. Scale bar = 0.2 mm (A), 0.5 mm (B–E).

FIGURE 37. Distribution of Zagrammosoma occidentale n. sp.