Alcidodes dipterocarpi

Lyal, C. H. C. & Curran, L. M., 2000, Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae, Journal of Natural History 34 (9), pp. 1743-1847 : 1772-1781

Alcidodes dipterocarpi group

Rostrum lacking ventral submental tooth in male. Antennal funicle segment 7 subequal in length to segments 6 1 5, incorporated into club. Pronotum covered with numerous rounded granules (®gure 67). Underside of fore femur with large truncate d preapical tooth demarcated by strongly microsculptured surface, distal margin of tooth sometimes developed into irregular`distal lobe’, proximal margin of tooth FIGS 166±171. Fore femoral tooth of: (166) A. gonzoi ; l(167) A. gonzoi m; (168) A. hopeae ; l(169) A. hopeae m; (170) A. sterryorum ; l(171) A. sterryorum m. Scale bar 5 0.5 mm.

straight, with acuminate basally-directed proximal lobe attached to it (®gures 2, 141); preapical tooth on middle femur lacking proximal lobe, generally smaller and less robust than fore femoral tooth. Fore tibia with ventral tooth in basal half, middle and hind tibiae without such a tooth; mucro and pre-mucro present, premucro larger in female than male. Metasternum not strongly produced posteriorly on either side of midline, ventral margin when viewed from side not diverging markedly from elytral margin (®gures 13, 14). Male ventrite 5 sometimes with patch of elongate scales on either side of midline near posterior margin, never projecting beyond margin; often with distinct median depression. Parameres with or without common base (®gure 401). Spermatheca with gland lobe bulbous (®gure 465). Body length 3.5±10 mm. Known only from the Oriental Region, from India to the Philippines. The species in the group are dipterocarpi , shoreaphilus , vaticus , caviventris , micranthiphilus , curvirostris , hopeae , gonzoi and sterryorum .

The crassus group and the dipterocarpi group are distinguished in the ®rst couplet of the key below.

FIGS 172±183. Fore femoral tooth of: (172) A. dipterocarpi ; l(173) A. dipterocarpi m; (174) A. caviventris ; l(175) A. caviventris m; (176) A. shoreaphilus ; l(177) A. shoreaphilus m; (178) A. curvirostris ; l(179) A. curvirostris m; (180) A. vaticus m; (181) A. vaticus ; l(182) A. micranthiphilus m; (183) A. micranthiphilus . l Scale bar 5 0.5 mm.

FIGS 184±196. Head, lateral: (184) A. crassus m; (185) A. crassus ; l(186) A. hoplomachus m; (187) A. hoplomachus ; l(188) A. themus ; l(189) A. curranae m; (190) A. curranae ; l(191) A. ramezei m; (192) A. ramezei ; l(193) A. toyi m; (194) A. toyi ; l(195) A. humeralis m; (196) A. humeralis . l Scale bars5 1 mm; male and female of each species drawn to the same scale.

Key to species 1 Underside of fore femur with large truncate preapical tooth lacking distal and proximal

lobes, distal margin of tooth sloping and serrate, proximal margin of tooth straight,

no teeth or projections on femur prior to proximal margin of single tooth (®gures 1,

127); preapical tooth on mid femur of similar size and form to that on fore femur;

metasternum strongly and obliquely produced posteroventrally on either side of midline

FIGS 197±208. Head, lateral: (197) A. walliorum m; (198) A. walliorum ; l(199) A. confusus m; (200) A. confusus ; l(201) A. fugitus m; (202) A. fugitus ; l(203) A. hopei m; (204) A. hopei ; l(205) A. gonzoi m; (206) A. gonzoi ; l(207) A. sterryorum m; (208) A. sterryorum . l Scale bars5 1 mm; male and female of each species drawn to the same scale.

(®gure 12); male ventrite 5 with tuft of scales on either side of midline near posterior margin, often projecting beyond margin; body length 4±16 mm ( crassus group).. 2 ± Underside of fore femur with similarly positioned tooth, distal lobe sometimes present, proximal margin with basad acuminate proximal lobe (®gure 2), either oblique (®gure 141) or lying subparallel to long axis of femur with only the apex distinct (®gure 138); preapical tooth on mid femur lacking proximal lobe, normally smaller

and less robust than fore femoral tooth; metasternum not strongly produced posteroventrally (®gures 13, 14); male ventrite 5 with or without distinct median depression, if FIGS 209±220. Head, lateral: (209) A. dipterocarpi m; (210) A. dipterocarpi ; l(211) A. shoreaphilus m; (212) A. shoreaphilus ; l(213) A. caviventris m; (214) A. caviventris ; l (215) curvirostris m; (216) curvirostris ; l(217) vaticus m; (218) vaticus ; l(219) micran-

thiphilus m; (220) micranthiphilus . l Scale bars5 1 mm; male and female of each species drawn to the same scale.

scales longer at sides then never projecting beyond ventrite margin (®gure 116); body length not exceeding 11 mm. ( dipterocarpi group).......... 11

2 Fore femoral tooth with length of proximal margin generally less than half distance between junctions of its proximal and distal margins with femur (®gure 1), distal margin with a relatively gradual slope (®gures 147±155; 127±132); margin of prosternum immediately posterior to fore coxa often with small tubercular process (®gure 11)..................... 3

± Fore femoral tooth with length of proximal margin subequal to or greater than distance between junctions of its proximal and distal margins with femur (cf. ®gure 1); distal margin with a relatively steep slope (®gures 156±165; 133±137); prosternum posterior

to fore coxa sometimes slightly swollen, but generally lacking tubercular process.. 7

3 Ratio of elytral length (from posterior margin of scutellum to apex, in same plane) to humeral width at least 1.30 (mean 1.33) (®gures 5, 6, 24); female rostrum not surpassing fore femur (®gure 76); male terminalia as in ®gures 252±259: aedeagus rounded apically in dorsal view (®gure 259), aedeagus length: width ratio less than 3.5; length 9.6±11.1 mm (xÅ5 10.26; n 5 16). (Borneo)....... curranae Lyal n.sp.

± Ratio of elytral length to humeral width not more than 1.28 (®gures 21±23; 25); female rostrum sometimes surpassing fore femur (®gures 74, 75); male terminalia as in ®gures 221±228, 234±240; 246±251; 267±273; aedeagal apex less rounded (®gure 250, 272), or AL:AW more than 3.75 (®gures 226, 238)............ 4

4 Elytral interstriae 2 and 3 distinctly broader than 4 towards posterior of disc (®gure 57), and raised relative to interstriae 1 and 4; strial punctures usually narrower than interstriae and not deforming interstriae; areas separating strial punctures longitudinally depressed below level of interstriae and so striae appear as longitudinal furrows (®gure 57); female rostrum longer than that of male (®gures 191, 192), but ratio of rostral length to pronotal width not more than 1.1; aedeagus with sides converging continuously from base, ostium extending nearly to aedeagal apex (®gures 271, 272); length 9.0± 10.95 mm (xÅ5 10.11; n 5 27). ( Thailand, Laos)... ramezei Lyal n.sp. ± Elytral interstriae 2 and 3 not or only slightly broader than 4 towards posterior of

disc (®gures 53±55), not or only weakly raised relative to interstriae 1 and 4; strial punctures sometimes deformng interstriae on disc; areas separating strial punctures longitudinally not or only weakly depressed below level of interstriae and so striae appear as rows of large pits (®gures 53±55); female rostrum longer than that of male, sometimes greatly so (®gures 84±87) and ratio of rostral length to pronotal width at least 1.3; aedeagus with sides convergent (®gure 249) or subparallel (®gures 226, 238), ostium not extending nearly to aedeagal apex (®gures 227, 239, 250)..... 5

5 Striae 1±3 with punctures on elytral declivity narrower but not much shorter than

those on disc, elongate, nearly conūent (®gure 55); tubercle posterior to fore coxa on each side not strongly developed; male genitalia as in ®gures 246±251; aedeagus with sides convergent (®gure 249); length 9.53 mm (n 5 1). ( Peninsular Malaysia)........................ themus Lyal n.sp .

± Striae 1±3 with punctures on elytral declivity narrower and shorter than those on disc, not nearly conūent (®gures 53, 54); tubercle posterior to fore coxa on each side well developed; aedeagus elongate, sides sub-parallel (®gures 226, 238)...... 6

6 Aedeagus relatively short, with length (AL) to basal width (AW) ratio 3.95±4.32

(®gure 226); spermathecal duct inserted at junction of bursa and oviduct (®gure 232); pronotum often with sides more gently sloping (®gures 21, 53); length 9±13.5 mm (xÅ5 11.93; n 5 10). ( Andaman Is , Peninsular Malaysia)...... crassus Pascoe

± Aedeagus longer in relation to basal width (AL:AW 5 4.14±5.56) (®gure 238); spermathecal duct arising distad of junction of bursa and oviduct (®gure 244); pronotum with sides generally less gently sloping (®gures 22, 54); length 8.6±15 mm (xÅ5 12; n 5 98). ( India, Laos, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Philippines).....

.................. hoplomachus Lyal n.sp.

7 Humeral angle with interstria 9 greatly produced, and interstria 8 distinctly concave

immediately posterior to humerus when seen from above (®gures 33, 65); hind tibia with ventral tooth often comparable in size to male premucro (®gure 15); aedeagus with apex deēxed, causing posterior end to appear virtually truncate in dorsal view (®gures 298, 300); length 5.75±10.2 mm (xÅ5 8.02; n 5 101). ( Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Sumatra, Borneo).......... humeralis Heller ± Humeral angle less produced, with interstria 8 more weakly concave posterior to humerus (®gures 26±29); hind tibia with tooth very weak or absent, certainly much smaller than male premucro (®gure 16); aedeagus not appearing truncate apically in dorsal view (®gures 285, 311, 324, 338)............. 8

8 Body form robust (®gures 27±29; 59±61), with ratio of elytral length to humeral width

1.01±1.05, length 3.95±6.65 mm; humeral angles of elytra pronounced, with interstria

9 projecting beyond interstria 8 in dorsal view (®gures 44, 48); if aedeagus in dorsal

view broad with sides convex posteriorly then as ®gure 324....... 9 ± Body form less robust (®gures 26, 58), with ratio of elytral length to humeral width 1.16±1.33, length 6.63±11.13 mm (xÅ5 9.47; n 5 55); humeral angles of elytra not pro-

nounced, interstria 9 barely or not visible from above; aedeagus in dorsal view broad with sides convex posteriorly (®gure 285); (Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo) toyi Lyal n.sp.

9 Rostrum meeting head approximately half-way down eye (female) (®gures 197, 199),

one-third down eye (male) (®gures 198, 200); elytral punctures in striae 2 and 3 narrower than interstriae 2 and 3 (®gures 59, 60); aedeagus either broadly rounded to base or, if not, apex narrowly rounded with no apical projection (®gures 311, 324). 10

± Rostrum meeting head near top of eye in both sexes (®gures 201, 202); elytral punctures in striae 2 and 3 subequal in width to interstriae 2 and 3 (®gure 61); aedeagus elongate and not broadly rounded to base, apically rounded with small median projection (®gures 338, 339); length 4.55±6.45 mm (xÅ5 5.49; n 5 23) (Borneo).. fugitus Lyal n.sp.

10 Female with apex of rostrum ¯ared (®gure 17); female spiculum ventrale with posterior`arms’ narrow, parallel (®gure 316); vagina lacking ventro-lateral lobes anteriorly

(®gures 317, 318); aedeagus narrow with sides concave (®gure 311); length 3.95±6.65 mm (xÅ5 5.6; n 5 23). (Borneo)....... walliorum Lyal n.sp.

± Female with apex of rostrum only very weakly ¯ared (®gure 18); spiculum ventrale with posterior`arms’ broad, converging posteriorly (®gure 329); vagina with pair of ventro±lateral lobes near junction with common oviduct (®gures 331, 332); aedeagus broad at base, narrowing abruptly towards apex (®gure 324); length 4.15±5.94 mm (xÅ5 4.84; n 5 20) (Borneo)........... confusus Lyal n.sp.

11 Fore femur with proximal lobe of tooth raised and its major axis at angle of at least

30 degrees to ventral margin of femur (®gures 2, 141±143, 145, 146)..... 12 ± Fore femur with proximal lobe of tooth subparallel to ventral margin of femur, and close to it, sometimes barely raised from margin but if so at angle much less than 30 degrees (®gures 138±140, 144)............... 16

12 Base of fore femoral tooth much longer than height of its central lobe (®gures

142±143, 145±146, 174±177, 180±183)............. 13

± Fore femoral tooth only slightly longer than high, subquadrate (®gures 141, 172, 173). Ventrite 5 of male with circular median depression occupying no more than

one-third surface area, depression absent in female; rostrum weakly curved distad of antennal insertion, slightly longer and more slender in female than in male (®gures 209, 210); length 4.7±8.7 mm (xÅ5 6.81; n 5 127). ( India, mainland south-east Asia,

Borneo, Philippines...)............. dipterocarpi Marshall

13 Fore femoral tooth with ventral margin of proximal lobe meeting proximal margin

of central lobe at least half-way between base of tooth and apex of central lobe (®gures 142, 143, 174±177)................ 14 ± Fore femoral tooth with ventral margin of proximal lobe meeting proximal margin

of central lobe near femur, less than half-way between base of tooth and apex of central lobe (®gures 145, 146, 180±183)............ 15

14 Elytral humeri not strongly projecting (®gures 36, 69); male with distinct deep depres-

sion in ventrite 5, this occupying less than half total width of ventrite and glabrous

or with sparse small scales and with tuft of elongate scales laterally (®gure 120), female with distinct almost circular depression on ventrite 5, with weak tuft of scales postero-laterally (®gure 121); length 5.3±7.9 mm (xÅ5 6.74; n 5 95). (Borneo)....................... caviventris Lyal n.sp. ± Elytral humeri strongly projecting (®gures 35, 67); male with distinct deep depression

in ventrite 5, this occupying more than half total width of ventrite and with scales similar to those of rest of ventrite and weaker tufts laterally (®gure 118), female with weak depression medially on ventrite 5, lacking tuft of scales postero-laterally (®gure 119); length 6.25±8.75 mm (xÅ5 6.82; n 5 73). (Borneo). shoreaphilus Lyal n.sp.

15 Fore femoral tooth small, maximum length (from point of proximal lobe to furthest

part of distal lobe, see ®gure 2) much less than width of femur just distal to tooth (®gures 146, 182, 183); interstria 3 not distinctly higher than interstria 2 when viewed from posterior (®gure 20); strial punctures of striae 1 and 2 narrower than interstriae

2 and 3 on disc; length 6 mm (n 5 2). (Borneo).... micranthiphilus Lyal n.sp. ± Fore femoral tooth large, maximum length (see ®gure 2) subequal to width of femur

just distal to tooth (®gures 145, 180, 181); interstria 3 generally distinctly higher than interstria 2 when viewed from posterior (®gure 19); strial punctures of striae 2 and 3

as wide as interstriae 2 and 3 on disc; length 5.19±10 mm (xÅ5 8.32; n 5 174). (Borneo)

.................... vaticus Lyal n.sp.

16 Rostrum long, curved (®gures 88, 89, 215, 216), RL/PW5 at least 0.93 (m) or 0.85 ± Rostrum shorter, not so curved (®gures 81±83, 203±208), RL/PW not more than 0.84 (m) or 0.83 (l); male without or with weak depression on ventrite 5 or, if a distinct concavity present, this generally with a uniform scale cover; widest strial punctures on interstriae 6 and 7 less than half width of interstria 7; larvae feeding on Hopea seeds.................... 17

17 When viewed from side dorsal surface of rostrum conūent with head just below (m; ®gure 207) or just above (; l®gure 208) dorsal (anterior) margin of eye; male ventrite

5 with distinct wide mesad depression, occupying just less than a third of the surface, scales dense and directed mediad at sides of depression (®gure 114); female ventrite

5 with wide median depression similar to, but less pronounced than, that of male (®gure 115); length 3.80±5.85 mm (xÅ5 3.8; n 5 30). (Borneo).. sterryorum Lyal n.sp. ± When viewed from side dorsal surface of rostrum conūent with head between onethird (m; ®gures 203, 205) to half-way (; l®gures 204, 206) down eye; male ventrite

5 with shallow median depression, sometimes with relatively thick patch of scales at either side (®gures 110, 112); female generally lacking distinct depression on ventrite

5 (®gures 111, 113).................. 18

18 When viewed dorsally, interstria 9 clearly visible beyond I8 at humerus but obscured

behind humerus by I8, humerus produced (®gures 30, 47), when viewed from side I9 clearly more convex than I8 at base; male ventrite 5 with small median depression, scales more numerous at sides than middle (®gure 110); length 4±6 mm (xÅ5 5.11; n 5

43). (Borneo)............... hopeae Marshall

± When viewed dorsally, interstria 9 not projecting beyond I8 at humeral angle, though visible behind humerus for whole length of elytron, base of I9 not more convex than

I8, humerus not produced (®gures 31, 49); male ventrite 5 with depression almost absent, demarcated by dense patch of scales; length 3.56±6.31mm (xÅ5 4.71; n 5 107). Borneo.................. gonzoi Lyal n.sp.