Cheilostomata Busk, 1852

Jain, Sudhanshi S., Gordon, Dennis P., Huang, Danwei, Kuklinski, Piotr & Liow, Lee Hsiang, 2022, Targeted collections reveal new species and records of Bryozoa and the discovery of Pterobranchia in Singapore, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 70, pp. 257-274 : 260

Order Cheilostomata Busk, 1852

Suborder Flustrina Smitt, 1868

Superfamily Calloporoidea Norman, 1903

Family Heliodomidae Vigneaux, 1949

Setosellina constricta Harmer, 1926 , Big Sister’s Island ( Fig. 2E )

Superfamily Buguloidea Gray, 1848

Family Candidae d’Orbigny, 1851

Canda pecten Thornely, 1907 , Big Sister’s Island ( Fig. 2F )

Family Bugulidae Gray, 1848

Caulibugula mortenseni ( Marcus, 1925) , Kusu Island ( Fig. 3A‒C )

Superfamily Adeonoidea Busk, 1884

Family Adeonidae Busk, 1884

Reptadeonella riatanae , new species, Pulau Tekukor ( Fig. 4A‒C )

Reptadeonella cellulanus Tilbrook, Hayward & Gordon, 2001 , Big Sister’s Island ( Fig. 4D )

Superfamily Smittinoidea Levinsen, 1909

Family Smittinidae Levinsen, 1909 Pleurocodonellina microperforata Tilbrook, 2006 , Pulau Semakau ( Fig. 5A )

Superfamily Schizoporelloidea Jullien, 1882

Family Lacernidae Jullien, 1888

Arthropoma subarensis , new species, Big Sister’s Island ( Fig. 5B‒D )

Family Microporellidae Hincks, 1879

Microporella sargassophilia , new species, Pulau Tekukor ( Fig. 6A–E )

Family Hippopodinidae Levinsen, 1909

Thornelya fuscina Tilbrook, Hayward & Gordon, 2001 , Big Sister’s Island ( Fig. 7A )

Superfamily Celleporoidea Johnston, 1838 Family Hippoporidridae Vigneaux, 1949 Scorpiodinipora costulata ( Canu & Bassler, 1929) , Changi Beach ( Fig. 7B )

Figures

Fig. 2. A, B, Exidmonea sp., respectively showing dichotomous branching and a gonozooid; the ooeciopore is indicated by an arrow; C, Arbopercula angulata Levinsen, 1909; D, Parellisina albida (Hincks, 1880a), arrows indicate two of the open avicularian mandibles; E, Setosellina constricta Harmer, 1926; F, Canda pecten Thornely, 1907, note the curved avicularium at the bottom of the left-hand branch. Scale bars = 1 mm (A); 0.5 mm (B‒F).

Fig. 3. A‒C, Caulibugula mortenseni (Marcus, 1925); A, a single stem from a very large multistemmed colony; B, frontal and abfrontal sides of branches; C, autozooids and two birds-head avicularia; D, E, Cribrilaria vicariata (Waters, 1923); D, autozooids with four oral spine-bases and avicularia; E, a zooid with five oral spine-bases and an ovicell. Scale bars = 2 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C); 0.3 mm (D); 0.2 mm (E).

Fig. 4. A‒C, Reptadeonella riatanae, new species; A, unbleached autozooids, and avicularia with mandibles in place; B, bleached autozooids with long slit-like spiramina; C, light micrograph showing an ancestrular tetrad (radiating yellow arrows) and a vicarious avicularium (white arrow); D, Reptadeonella cellulanus Tilbrook, Hayward & Gordon, 2001. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (B, D); 0.3 mm (A, C).

Fig. 5. A, Pleurocodonellina microperforata Tilbrook, 2006, with one ovicellate zooid and a small avicularium adjacent to each orifice; B‒D, Arthropoma subarensis, new species, at three magnifications; note the four arrowed spine bases in C, with paired spine bases in ovicellate zooids; D shows the reticulate dimpled patterning of the ovicell endooecium, with minute perforations at the bottom of each dimple. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C); 0. 1 mm (D).

Fig. 6. A‒E, Microporella sargassophilia, new species; A, part of fertile colony showing three ovicellate orifices and an avicularium with mandible; note the well-developed persona (ps), appearing as an erect ridge between the ascopore and orifice in one zooid; B, tatiform ancestrula; C, isolated zooid (with proximal ovicell) showing distribution of basal pore-chambers; minute denticulation is visible inside the orificial rim; D, avicularian cystid and ascopore; E, avicularium with mandible. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (A); 0.05 mm (B, D, E); 0.1 mm (C).

Fig. 7. A, Thornelya fuscina Tilbrook, Hayward & Gordon, 2001; white arrows indicate three unbroken latero-oral avicularia; B, Scorpiodinipora costulata (Canu & Bassler, 1929); C‒G, Rhabdopleura sp.; C, D, lateral view of erect tubes with annular fusellar rings; E, part of creeping basal tube in vicinity of three broken bases of erect tubes; here the fusellar sutures are parallel to oblique; F, G, parts of creeping basal tube in which the fusellar sutures (arrowheads) are arranged obliquely. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C, D); 0.2 mm (E‒G).