Cladonotinae, Bolivar, 1887

Bhaskar, Dhaneesh, Stermšek, Sara, Easa, P. S., Franjević, Damjan & Skejo, Josip, 2020, Wide-nosed pygmy grasshoppers (Cladonotinae: Cladonotini, Xerophyllini) of India and Sri Lanka: catalogue with an identification key and description of a new species of the genus Tettilobus, Zootaxa 4894 (3), pp. 474-500 : 480-481

Identification key to Cladonotinae (Cladonotini, Xerophyllini) of India and Sri Lanka

1A In the frontal view middle part of the vertex is the highest part of the fastigium ( Fig. 5A – B , Fig. 6E , Fig.7 D, H ). Fastigial horns indistinct (exception H. portentosa : Fig. 7D, H ).tribe Cladonotini Bolívar, 1887 ................................... 2

1B In the frontal view middle part of the vertex depressed and is the lowest part of the fastigium. Fastigial horns present and high ( Fig. 1D , Fig. 2B , Fig. 8D , Fig. 9G , Fig. 10D, H ) tribe Xerophyllini Günther, 1979 ................................ 10

2A Fore wings (tegmina) visible, hind wings (alae) absent.genus Yunnantettix Zheng, 1995 ,..................................................................................... Y. elytratus ( Günther, 1939) [NE INDIA: West Bengal]

2B Wings (tegmina and alae) absent......................................................................... 3

3A Pronotum smooth and/or cristate ( Fig. 5 ). Legs smooth. genus Deltonotus Hancock, 1904 ........................... 4

3B Pronotum and legs rough, covered in numerous granules or spines ( Fig. 6 , Fig. 7 )................................... 5

4A Median carina of the pronotum highly crested, almost leaf-like. Anterior projection of pronotum covers vertex. Pronotal apex roundly acute. Fastigium projected before the eyes for 1/5th of a compound eye diameter. ( Fig. 4 , Fig. 5B, F, I )................................................ D. subcucullatus ( Walker, 1871) [S INDIA: Western Ghats and SRI LANKA]

4B Median carina of the pronotum slightly elevated, but still low, not leaf-like in appearance. Pronotum not projected anteriorly or weakly projected. Pronotal apex bilobate. Fastigium in lateral view strongly projected before the eyes. ( Fig. 4 , Fig. 5 A, C – E, G – H )..................................... D. gibbiceps ( Bolívar, 1902) [S INDIA: Western Ghats and SRI LANKA]

5A Pronotum with one high and sharp elevation (projection) on the dorsal surface, giving the grasshopper a twig-like appearance. genus Cladonotus Saussure, 1862 ........................................................................ 6

5B Pronotum with uneven surface, bearing a bump between the shoulders, but not with high and sharp projections......... … 9

6A Highest projection of the pronotum lower than 3mm ........................................................ .. 7

6B Highest projection of the pronotum higher than 4 mm ........................................................ 8

7A Anterior pronotal margin weakly projected, covering small portion of vertex. Dorsal projection long, directed upwards and forwards, always the same width............. C. humbertianus ( Saussure, 1862) [ SRI LANKA: central and NE rainforests]

7B Anterior pronotal margin projected before the head in form of a long dentate spine, covering vertex. Promedial projection short, starting narrow and abruptly widening towards the tip..................................................................................... C. bhaskari Tumbrinck, Deranja, Adžić et Skejo, 2020 [ SRI LANKA: Sinharaja rainforest]

8A Anterior pronotal margin projected above the head, and not covering the whole vertex. Promedial projection had widened tip and is directed upwards.................................. C. turrifer ( Walker, 1871 [ SRI LANKA: unknown locality]

8B Anterior pronotal margin projected before the head, covering the whole vertex. Promedial projection has a narrow tip and is directed forwards............................................. C. latiramus Hancock, 1904 [ SRI LANKA: Kandy]

9A Lateral carinae weakly elevated. Smaller species, adult body length <9 mm.genus Gignotettix Hancock, 1909 . ( Fig. 6 ).............................................................. G. burri Hancock, 1909 [ SRI LANKA: C rainforests]

9B Lateral carinae of the fastigium elevated in angular fashion. Larger species, adult body length> 9 mm.genus Hancockella Uvarov, 1940 ( Fig. 7 ).......................................... H. portentosa ( Kirby, 1914) [S INDIA: Western Ghats]

10A Tegmina minute and visible, alae reduced, partly covered by pronotum. genus Potua (doubtful assignment)...... P. sabulosa Hancock, 1915 [S INDIA: Western Ghats] ( Fig. 8 )

10B Tegmina absent and not visible. ( Fig. 1 , Fig. 2 , Fig 9 , Fig. 10 ). genus Tettilobus Hancock, 1909 ...................... 11

11A Lateral lobes truncated. ( Fig. 1 , Fig. 2 )..................................................................... ............................. T. trishula Skejo, Bhaskar et Stermšek sp. n. [S INDIA: Western Ghats: Eravikulam NP]

11B Lateral lobes bearing spines. ( Fig. 9A, D , Fig. 10B, E )....................................................... 12

12A Fastigial horns low. ( Fig. 9G ).................................. T. prashadi Günther, 1938 [S INDIA: Western Ghats]

12B Fastigial horns high. ( Fig. 10D, H )......................................... T. pelops ( Walker, 1871) [ SRI LANKA]

Figures

FIGURE 1. Tettilobus trishula sp. n. Female holotype deposited in MNCN. A—left lateral view; B—dorsal view; C—dorsal view on the head; D—head in frontal view. (Photo Mercedes París). Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 2. Tettilobus trishula sp. n. holotype female—taxonomic drawings. A—pronotum in left lateral view; B—head in frontal view; C—pronotum in dorsal view; D—head in dorsal view. (Drawings Sara Stermšek) Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 4. Deltonotus subcucullatus and Deltonotus gibbiceps in natural habitat. (Photo Dhaneesh Bhaskar).

FIGURE 5. Deltonotus gibbiceps and Deltonotus subcucullatus. Deltonotus gibbiceps: A—head in frontal view; C-E left lateral view (C—holotype of D. humilis syn. n. deposited in MHNG), G–H bilobate pronotal apex. Deltonotus subcucullatus B—head in frontal view; F—left lateral view; I—pointed pronotal apex. (A, B, D, E: Photo Josip Skejo; C, F, G, H, I: Photo Josef Tumbrinck). Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 6. Gignotettix burri Hancock, 1900 holotype male deposited in UMO. A—left lateral view; B—dorsal view; C—labels, D—right lateral view; E—head in frontal view. (Photo Josef Tumbrinck) Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 7. Hancockella portentosa (Kirby, 1914).A–D female syntypes deposited in BMNH, E–H male syntype.A, F—dorsal view; B, E—left lateral view; C, G—syntype labels; D, H—head in frontal view. (Photo Josef Tumbrinck). Scale bar visible as millimetre paper in A–B, E–F, while 1mm in D and H.

FIGURE 8. Potua sabulosa Hancock, 1915, holotype male deposited in ANSP. A—left lateral view; B—dorsal view; C—labels; D—head in frontal view. (Photo Jason Weintraub). Scale bar visible as millimetre paper.

FIGURE 9. Tettilobus pelops (Walker, 1871): A–C male holotype of Cladonotus pelops Walker, 1871 deposited in BMNH; D–G female holotype of Tettilobus spinifrons Hancock (junior synonym of T. pelops) deposited in UMO. A, D—dorsal view; C, E—right lateral view; B, F—labels; G—head in frontal view. (Photo J. Tumbrinck). Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 10. Tettilobus prashadi Günther, 1938—female syntype from MHNG (A–D) and male syntype from SMTD (E–H). A, F—left lateral view; B, E—dorsal view; C, G—labels; D–H head in frontal view. Scale bar 1 mm. (A-B Photo Josef Tumbrinck, D–H Photo Sigfrid Ingrisch).