Trissolcus belenus (Walker)

Tortorici, Francesco, Talamas, Elijah J., Moraglio, Silvia T., Pansa, Marco G., Asadi-Farfar, Maryam, Tavella, Luciana & Caleca, Virgilio, 2019, A morphological, biological and molecular approach reveals four cryptic species of Trissolcus Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae), egg parasitoids of Pentatomidae (Hemiptera), Journal of Hymenoptera Research 73, pp. 153-200 : 153

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.73.39052
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:93B22F06-E829-401C-B2E3-1C08169706FB
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BAAADE0B-C113-5EE2-A370-D882B75E2C80
treatment provided by	Journal of Hymenoptera Research by Pensoft
scientific name	Trissolcus belenus (Walker)
status

Treatment

Figures 4 View Figures 4–7 , 8 View Figures 8–11 , 12 View Figures 12–15 , 16 View Figures 16–19 , 20 View Figures 20–25 , 21 View Figures 20–25 , 26 View Figures 26–29 , 30 View Figures 30–36 , 33 View Figures 30–36 , 37 View Figures 37–44 , 41 View Figures 37–44 , 45-48 View Figures 45–48 , 49-51. View Figures 49–51

Telenomus Belenus Walker, 1836: 352 (original description).

Telenomus arminon Walker, 1838: 457 (original description).

Telenomus Nigrita Thomson, 1860: 172 (original description, synonymized by Kozlov (1968)); Kozlov 1968: 214 (junior synonym of Trissolcus grandis (Thomson)).

Telenomus frontalis Thomson, 1860: 170 (original description, synonymized by Kozlov (1968)); Kozlov 1968: 214 (junior synonym of Trissolcus grandis (Thomson)).

Telenomus grandis Thomson, 1860: 169 (original description).

Telenomus nigripes Thomson, 1860: 170 (original description, synonymized by Kozlov (1968)); Kozlov 1968: 214 (junior synonym of Trissolcus grandis (Thomson)); Fergusson 1984: 230 (lectotype designation); Johnson 1992: 629 (type information).

Telenomus ovulorum Thomson, 1860: 171 (original description, synonymized by Mayr (1879)); Mayr 1879: 704 (junior synonym of Telenomus semistriatus (Nees von Esenbeck)).

Teleas (?) Pentatomae Rondani: Rondani 1874: 135 (nomen nudum).

Teleas pentatomae Rondani, 1877: 199 (original description).

Telenomus ovulorum Thomson: Mayr 1879: 704. Junior synonym of Telenomus semistriatus (Nees von Esenbeck)

Telenomus nigritus Thomson: Dalla Torre 1898: 517 (emendation).

Telenomus pentatomae (Rondani): Dalla Torre, 1898: 518 (generic transfer).

Allophanurus Arminon (Walker): Kieffer 1912: 12 (description, generic transfer).

Aphanurus Belenus (Walker): Kieffer 1912: 83 (description, generic transfer).

Aphanurus Frontalis (Thomson): Kieffer 1912: 81 (description, generic transfer).

Aphanurus Grandis (Thomson): Kieffer 1912: 76 (description, generic transfer).

Aphanurus Nigrita (Thomson): Kieffer 1912: 79 (description, generic transfer).

Aphanurus nigripes (Thomson): Kieffer 1912: 75 (description, generic transfer).

Liophanurus Pentatomae (Rondani): Kieffer 1912: 69 (description, generic transfer).

Allophanurus arminon (Walker): Kieffer 1926: 23 (description, keyed).

Liophanurus pentatomae (Rondani): Kieffer 1926: 71 (description).

Microphanurus belenus (Walker): Kieffer 1926: 91, 102 (description, generic transfer, keyed).

Microphanurus frontalis (Thomson): Kieffer 1926: 91, 103 (description, generic transfer, keyed).

Microphanurus grandis (Thomson): Kieffer 1926: 91, 99 (description, generic transfer, keyed); Debauche 1947: 256 (description).

Microphanurus nigripes (Thomson): Kieffer 1926: 91, 98 (description, generic transfer, keyed).

Microphanurus nigritus (Thomson): Kieffer 1926: 91, 100 (description, generic transfer, keyed).

Asolcus grandis (Thomson): Masner 1959: 376. (diagnosis, variation); Delucchi 1961: 44, 60 (description, keyed); Voegelé 1964: 28 (keyed); Javahery 1968: 419 (keyed); Voegelé 1969: 150 (keyed).

Trissolcus grandis (Thomson) syn. nov.: Viktorov 1967: 91 (generic transfer, keyed); Safavi 1968: 416 (keyed); Kozlov 1968: 200, 214 (description, lectotype designation, synonymy, keyed); Fabritius 1972: 32, 35. (keyed; host catalogue; distribution); Viggiani and Mineo 1974: 156, 160, 161 (description, keyed); Kozlov and Lê 1977: 512 (synonymy, keyed); Kozlov 1978: 636 (description); Kozlov 1981: 187 (keyed); Kozlov and Kononova 1983: 110 (description); Johnson 1992: 629 (cataloged, type information); Kononova 1995: 96 (keyed); Doganlar 2001: 112 (description); Koçak and Kilinçer 2003: 302, 307 (keyed, description); Fabritius and Popovici 2007: 158 (host informations, distribution); Buhl & O’Connor, 2010: 154 (distribution); Ali 2011: 10 (keyed); Ghahari et al. 2011: 596 (host association, listed); Guz et al. 2013: 87 (description, phylogenetic relationships); Petrov 2013: 326 (keyed); Kononova 2014: 1424 (keyed); Kononova 2015: 262 (keyed); Talamas et al. 2017: 129, 135 (junior synonym of Trissolcus semistriatus (Nees von Esenbeck), type information).

Asolcus nixomartini Javahery, 1968: 419, 429 (original description, keyed, synonymized by Kozlov and Lê (1977)); Kozlov, and Lê 1977: 512 (junior synonym of Trissolcus grandis (Thomson)); Johnson 1992: 629 (type information).

Asolcus silwoodensis Javahery, 1968: 419, 425 (original description, keyed, synonymized by Kozlov and Lê (1977)); Kozlov, and Lê 1977: 512 (junior synonym of Trissolcus grandis (Thomson)); Johnson 1992: 629 (type information).

Trissolcus pentatomae (Rondani) syn. nov.: Bin 1974: 463 (generic transfer, lectotype designation); Johnson 1992: 634 (cataloged, type information); Talamas et al. 2017: 130, 135 (junior synonym of Trissolcus semistriatus (Nees von Esenbeck), type information).

Trissolcus belenus (Walker): Fergusson 1978: 120 (generic transfer); Fergusson 1984: 230 (lectotype designation); Johnson 1992: 623 (cataloged, type information); Kononova 2014: 1426 (possibly in Telenomus ); Kononova 2015: 264 (possibly in Telenomus ).

Trissolcus nigripes (Thomson) syn. nov.: Fergusson 1978: 120 (generic transfer).

Trissolcus nixomartini (Javahery) syn. nov.: Fergusson 1978: 120 (generic transfer); Fergusson 1984: 230 (type information).

Trissolcus silwoodensis (Javahery) syn. nov.: Fergusson 1978: 120 (generic transfer); Fergusson 1984: 230 (type information).

Trissolcus arminon (Walker) syn. nov.: Fergusson 1983: 208 (generic transfer, description, lectotype designation); Fergusson 1984: 230 (type information); Johnson 1992: 622 (cataloged, type information).

Trissolcus ovulorum (Thomson) comb. nov., syn. nov.

Diagnosis.

The presence of setae on the first laterotergite ( Figures 30 View Figures 30–36 , 45 View Figures 45–48 ) allows T. belenus to be easily diagnosed, as only two other Palearctic species share this character: T. saakowi and T. mitsukurii (Ashmead). Both of these species have distinct notauli, which are absent in T. belenus ( Figures 20 View Figures 20–25 , 22 View Figures 20–25 ). Additionally, the hyperoccipital carina is entirely absent in T. belenus ( Figures 33 View Figures 30–36 , 47 View Figures 45–48 , 49 View Figures 49–51 ), whereas it is complete in T. saakowi and present posterior to the lateral ocellus in T. mitsukurii .

Description.

Body length: 1.03-1.1 mm, median = 1.06 mm, SD = 0.02, n = 20. Body color: head, mesosoma, and metasoma black.

Head. FCI = 1.4; LCI = 1.9; IOS = 0.3 mm; OOL:POL:LOL = 1:12:5.8. Color of radicle: dark brown. Length of radicle: about equal to width of clypeus. Color of A1-A6 in female: distal A2 yellow to light brown, otherwise black. Color of A7-A11 in female: black. Number of papillary sensilla on A6: 0. Number of papillary sensilla on A7: 2. Facial striae: absent. Number of clypeal setae: 6. Shape of gena in lateral view: narrow. Genal carina: present only at base of mandible. Malar striae: absent. Sculpture of malar sulcus: distinctly and sparsely striate. Orbital furrow: uniform in width between midpoint of eye and malar sulcus. Macrosculpture of frons directly dorsal to the antennal scrobe: coarsely rugose. Preocellar pit: present. Setation of lateral frons: sparse; moderately dense. Punctation of lateral frons: sparse. Sculpture directly ventral to preocellar pit: dorsoventrally fluted. Rugae on lateral frons: weakly developed to absent. OOL: less than one ocellar diameter. Hyperoccipital carina: absent. Macrosculpture of posterior vertex: absent. Microsculpture on posterior vertex along occipital carina: granulate. Anterior margin of occipital carina: crenulate. Medial part of occipital carina in dorsal view: rounded.

Mesosoma. Epomial carina: present. Macrosculpture of lateral pronotum directly anterior to netrion: finely rugulose. Netrion sulcus: complete. Pronotal suprahumeral sulcus in posterior half of pronotum: undifferentiated from sculpture of dorsal pronotum. Number of episternal foveae: 2. Course of episternal foveae ventrally: distinctly separate from postacetabular sulcus. Course of episternal foveae dorsally: distinctly separate from mesopleural pit. Subacropleural sulcus: present. Speculum: transversely strigose. Mesopleural pit: extending ventrally into dorsoventral furrow parallel to mesopleural carina. Mesopleural carina: well defined anteriorly, poorly defined to absent posteriorly. Sculpture of femoral depression: smooth. Patch of striae at posteroventral end of femoral depression: present, striae oblique to long axis of femoral depression. Setal patch at posteroventral end of femoral depression: present as a line of setae. Microsculpture of anteroventral mesopleuron: present throughout. Macrosculpture of anteroventral mesopleuron: absent. Postacetabular sulcus: comprised of large cells. Mesopleural epicoxal sulcus: comprised of cells. Setation of posteroventral metapleuron: absent. Sculpture of dorsal metapleural area: absent. Posterodorsal metapleural sulcus: present as a line of foveae. Paracoxal sulcus in ventral half of metapleuron: indistinguishable from sculpture. Length of anteroventral extension of metapleuron: elongate, extending to base of mesocoxa. Apex of anteroventral extension of metapleuron: rounded. Metapleural epicoxal sulcus: present as coarse rugae. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: comprised of cells. Median mesoscutal carina: absent. Microsculpture of mesoscutum: imbricate-punctate anteriorly, becoming longitudinally imbricate-strigate posteriorly. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: comprised of cells. Length of mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: two-thirds the length of anterolateral edge of mesoscutum. Parapsidal line: absent. Notaulus: absent. Median protuberance on anterior margin of mesoscutellum: absent. Shape of dorsal margin of anterior lobe of axillar crescent: acute. Sculpture of anterior lobe of axillar crescent: dorsoventrally strigose. Area bound by axillar crescent: smooth. Macrosculpture of mesoscutellum: absent. Microsculpture on mesoscutellum: imbricate-punctate laterally to granulate medially. Median mesoscutellar carina: absent. Setation of posterior scutellar sulcus: present. Form of metascutellum: single row of cells. Metanotal trough: foveate, foveae occupying more than half of metanotal height. Metapostnotum: invaginated near lateral edge of metascutellum. Length of postmarginal vein: about twice as long as stigmal vein. Color of legs: coxae dark brown to black, femora and tibia dark brown with yellowish tips, trochanters and tarsi yellow to pale brown. Anteroventral area of hind femora: not covered by setae. Anteromedial portion of metasomal depression: smooth.

Metasoma. Width of metasoma: about equal to width of mesosoma. Longitudinal striae on T1 posterior to basal costae: pair of longitudinal submedial carinae separate a lateral smooth area from an internal area where striate sculpture starts with basal grooves. Number of sublateral setae (on one side): 1. Setation of laterotergite 1: present. Length of striation on T2: extending two-thirds the length of the tergite. Setation of T2: present in a transverse line and along lateral margin. Setation of laterotergite 2: present.

Host associations. Pentatomidae : Aelia rostrata ; Arma custos ; Carpocoris sp.; Dolycoris sp.; Graphosoma italicum Müller; Palomena prasina ; Picromerus bidens (L.); Piezodorus sp.; sentinel frozen eggs of Halyomorpha halys . Scutelleridae : Eurygaster integriceps Puton; Eurygaster maura .

Link to distribution map.

[https://hol.osu.edu/map-large.html?id=3190]

Material examined.

Lectotype, male Telenomus Belenus : England and Western Europe : no date, NMINH_2018_11_49 (deposited in NMID) ; Lectotype, female, Telenomus arminon : United Kingdom: England, Dorset County, Lyme Regis , no date, NMINH_2018_11_46 (deposited in NMID) ; Holotype, female, Asolcus nixomartini : United Kingdom: England, Windsor and Maidenhead Unit. Auth., Silwood Park, 1966, reared from egg, M. Javahery, B.M. TYPE HYM. 9.798 (deposited in BMNH) ; Paratypes of Asolcus nixomartini : United Kingdom: 1 female, 2 males, UNIPA-HYM-S01317- S01318 View Materials (BMNH); OSUC 17734 (BMNH) ; Holotype, female, Asolcus silwoodensis : United Kingdom: England, Windsor and Maidenhead Unit. Auth., Silwood Park, 1966, reared from egg, M. Javahery, B.M. TYPE HYM. 9.797 (deposited in BMNH) ; Paratypes of Asolcus silwoodensis : United Kingdom: 4 females, 4 males, UNIPA-HYM-S01309- S01316 View Materials (BMNH) . Syntype males, Telenomus ovulorum Thomson : Sweden: no date, Boheman, NHRS-HEVA 000006872 (deposited in NHRS) . Lectotype, female, Telenomus nigripes : Sweden: Vaestra Goetaland , no date, Boheman, NHRS-HEVA 000006873 (deposited in NHRS) . Paratype of T. nixomartini : United Kingdom: 1 male, OSUC 17734 (BMNH) . Other material: (437 females, 67 males, 21 pins with multiple specimens). China: 1 female, OSUC 571231 (OSUC) . Iran: 16 females, HMIM-HYM-05-06, 08-09, 011-012, 014, 027, 039 (HMIM); USNMENT01223080-01223082, 01223425, 01223430, 01223435, 01223440 (UNIPA) . Italy: 366 females, 63 males, 17 pins with multiple specimens, DISAFA-draw1465-HYM-0006-0219 (DISAFA); MSNG -HYM-0001-0004, USNMENT01223249-01223258 (MCSN); USNMENT01223090-01223130, 01223132-01223139, 01223230-01223246 (UNIPA) . Morocco: 24 female, 1 pin with multiple specimens, OSUC 17729 (BMNH); USNMENT01223131 (UNIPA) . Portugal: 6 females, 1 male, 1 pin with multiple specimens, USNMENT00916191, 00916210-00916213, 00916217 (BMNH) . Russia: 4 females, 2 males, 2 pins with multiple specimens, OSUC 17796-17797 (BMNH) . Sweden: 12 females, 2 males, UNIPA-HYM-S01306- S01307 View Materials , USNMENT00916047, USNMENT00916051, USNMENT00916052, USNMENT00916070, USNMENT00916302-00916309 (BMNH) . Switzerland: 6 females, DISAFA-draw1465-HYM-0001-0005 (DISAFA); USNMENT01109059 (USNM) . Tanzania: 1 female, USNMENT01223480 (MZUF) . United Kingdom: 1 female, 1 male, UNIPA-HYM-S01308 (BMNH); USNMENT00896318 (CNCI) .