Iodes Blume, 1825

Rio, Cédric Del, Stull, Gregory W. & Franceschi, Dario De, 2020, Survey of the fruits and endocarps of Icacinaceae (Lamiids, Icacinales), European Journal of Taxonomy 645, pp. 1-130 : 31-32

Genus Iodes Blume

Figs 12–15, 16.1–16.18

Description

FRUIT.Elliptical, occasionally globose, asymmetrical at the apex, laterally compressed, red to brown when mature. Epicarp strigose or puberulent, scarcely pilose, with simple hairs with granular ornamentation and / or uncinate hairs or long and thin hairs, ridged or rugged-rugose to smooth when dry, revealing the underlying endocarp ornamentation. Calyx persistent or not.

ENDOCARP. Cream to brown, elliptical, occasionally globose in lateral view, lenticular, occasionally globose in transverse section. Keel often surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry, with the thicker margin containing a vascular bundle embedded within the endocarp wall; occasionally replaced by channel containing the primary vascular bundle. Apex asymmetrical in lateral view; base symmetrical or cleft. Outer surface of the endocarp smooth, rugged -rugose, and /or ridged, with ridges rounded to sharp comprising a diffuse to reticulate pattern with or without freely ending ridgelets. Secondary ridges (i.e., small ridges delimiting a reticulum inside or between the primary reticulation/ ridges) occasionally present. Endocarp possessing a symmetrical pair of horn-like protrusions compressed on the keel, sometimes much reduced and forming pores, positioned eccentrically and subapically on the endocarp faces, absent in African species. Vasculature resting on ridges when present, occasionally between ridges or rugosities. Endocarp wall with two or three cell layers. Locule surface with regularly spaced and rounded papillae. Locule surfaces more or less lacunate.

Key to the genus Iodes

1. Endocarp with pores or horn-like protrusions at the apex ................................................................ 2

– Endocarp lacking pores or horn-like protrusions .............................................................................. 3

2. Endocarp with pores ......................................................................................................................... 4

– Endocarp with horn-like protrusions ................................................................................................ 5

3. Outer surface of the endocarp smooth ..................................................... I. seguinii (H.Lév.) Rehder

– Outer surface of the endocarp ridged ................................................................................................ 6

4. Endocarp globose in lateral view, endocarp length <12 mm ............................... I. perrieri Sleumer

– Endocarp elliptical in lateral view, endocarp length> 30 mm ..................................... I. yatesii Merr. 5. Endocarp base cleft on one side ........................................................................................................ 7

– Endocarp base symmetrical .............................................................................................................. 8

6. Pattern of ridges not reticulate ................................................................................... I. liberica Stapf

– Pattern of ridges reticulate ................................................................................................................ 9

7. Pattern of ridges delimiting a few areoles, endocarp length> 12.6 mm ..................... I. ovalis Blume

– Pattern of ridges diffuse, endocarp length <12.6 mm .................................................................... 10

8. Endocarp ca 32 mm in length ............................................................................. I. balansae Gagnep.

– Endocarp ca 15 mm in length ................................................ I. scandens (Becc.) Utteridge & Byng

9. Fruit pilose, endocarp wall 222–245 µm thick excluding ridges ......... I. seretii (De Wild.) Boutique

– Fruit glabrous, puberulent, endocarp wall <200 µm thick excluding ridges ..................................11

10. Endocarp ornamentation rugose, secondary ridges absent ..................................... I. cirrhosa Turcz.

– Rugose ornamentation absent, secondary ridges present ............................... I. philippinensis Merr.

11. Areoles few in number, ca 1 to 3 .................................................................... I. kamerunensis Engl.

– Areoles numerous (>13) ................................................................................................................. 12

12. Fruit glabrous, endocarp with numerous areoles, ridges faintly distinct, freely ending ridgelets absent, endocarp length <8 mm ......................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... I. madagascariensis Baill.

– Fruit puberulent, endocarp with (at most) 25 areoles, freely ending ridgelets present, ridges distinct, endocarp length> 10 mm ................................................................................................................ 13

13. Areoles 13–15 on each face, surface rugose ......................................................... I. klaineana Pierre

– Areoles 21–25 on each face, surface not rugose ....................................... I. africana Welw. ex Oliv.