Tomarus, Erichson, 1847

López-García, Margarita M., Giraldo-Mendoza, Alfredo E. & Deloya, Cuauhtémoc, 2019, Taxonomic synopsis of the genus Tomarus Erichson, 1847 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) in Peru, Zootaxa 4604 (3), pp. 428-440 : 438

Key to the species of Tomarus of Peru

Males and females can be differentiated by the shape of the apical margin of sternite VIII that is widely emarginate in males and entire to slightly sinuate in females, except in T. rostratus in which it is narrowly emarginate in females.

1. Pronotum without tubercle ( Fig. 19–20 )................................................................... 2

- Pronotum with tubercle ( Fig. 1 )...........................................................................3

2. Protibia tridentate, with an additional basal denticle. Males with inner claw of protarsi enlarged and with an acute projection........................................................................... T. peruvianus (Endrödi, 1970)

- Protibia tridentate, without additional denticles. Males with inner claw of protarsi entire, equal in size and shape to the outer claw....................................................................... T. burmeisteri ( Steinheil, 1872)

3. Pronotum without fovea or rugose area behind tubercle. Antennal club longer than antennomeres 2–7............................................................................................... T. villosus ( Burmeister, 1847)

- Pronotum with deep fovea or rugose area behind tubercle. Antennal club subequal to antennomeres 2–7.................4

4. Clypeus trapezoidal (base 2.0 times wider than apex) ( Fig. 31 )................................................. 5

- Clypeus strongly constricted towards apex (base 2.5–3.0 times wider than apex) ( Fig. 13 ).............................7

5. Protibia with 3 large teeth and an additional basal denticle. Apex of metatibia slightly crenulate. Males with inner claw of pro- tarsi simple. Parameres strongly elongate, without lateral teeth, apices acute ( Figs. 28–29 )....... T. rostratus Dupuis, 2014

- Protibia with 3 large teeth, without additional basal denticle. Apex of metatibia dentate. Males with inner claw of protarsi en- larged and bifid. Parameres shorter and wider, with a small ventral tooth each side, apices rounded to truncate.............6

6. Parameres wide at base, strongly narrowed at apical third and dilated at apex ( Figs. 6–7 )......... T. ebenus ( De Geer, 1774)

- Parameres slender, sides nearly parallel ( Figs. 32–33 ).................................... T. similis (Endrödi, 1968)

7. Frontal tubercles triangular to conical..................................................................... 8

- Frontal tubercles transverse, difficult to see in lateral view.................................................... 11

8. Pronotal fovea transversely oval to rounded and deep. Pronotal tubercle acute in lateral view..........................9

- Pronotal fovea narrow and shallow, as an elongate striate area. Pronotal tubercle rounded in lateral view........................................................................................... T. gyas Erichson, 1848 (in part)

9. Pronotal fovea transversely oval, as wide as interocular distance............ .. T. bituberculatus ( Palisot de Beauvois, 1811)

- Pronotal fovea rounded, narrower (about 1/3–2/3 times interocular distance)..................................... 10

10. Pronotal fovea width 1/3 times interocular distance. Protibia tridentate without basal tooth. Apex of metatibia with 16–20 spi- nules. Parameres with a short ventral tooth each side ( Fig. 14 )............................ .. T. maimon Erichson, 1847

- Pronotal fovea width 2/3 times interocular distance. Protibia tridentate and with a fourth, basal, small tooth. Apex of metatibia with 25 spinules. Parameres with a long dorsal tooth on each side ( Figs. 10–11 )........... T. gyas Erichson, 1848 (in part)

11. Apex of metatibia with 14–17 spinules. Pronotum with sparse, small punctures. Pygidium of males rugopunctate on basal third............................................................................. T. maternus ( Prell, 1937)

- Apex of metatibia with 33 spinules. Pronotum with dense, large punctures. Pygidium of males completely ru- gose…………...…............................................... T. pilcopataensis López-García & Deloya, 2019

Figures

FIGURES 19–22. Tomarus peruvianus: 19, habitus; 20, head and pronotum in dorsal view; 21, parameres in frontal view; 22, locality records in Peru. Habitus photograph by Yony Callohuari.

FIGURES 1–4. Tomarus bituberculatus: 1, habitus; 2, parameres in frontal view; 3, parameres in lateral view; 4, locality records in Peru. Habitus photograph by Yony Callohuari.

FIGURES 31–34. Tomarus similis: 31, habitus; 32, parameres in frontal view; 33, parameres in lateral view; 34, locality records in Peru. Habitus photograph by Yony Callohauri.

FIGURES 13–15. Tomarus maimon: 13, habitus; 14, parameres in frontal view; 15, locality records in Peru. Habitus photograph by Yony Callohuari.

FIGURES 27–30. Tomarus rostratus: 27, habitus; 28, parameres in frontal view; 29, parameres in lateral view; 30, locality records in Peru. Habitus photograph by Yony Callohauri.

FIGURES 5–8. Tomarus ebenus: 5, habitus; 6, parameres in frontal view; 7, parameres in lateral view; 8, locality records in Peru.

FIGURES 9–12. Tomarus gyas: 9, habitus; 10, parameres in frontal view; 11, parameres in lateral view; 12, locality records in Peru. Habitus photograph by Yony Callohuari.