Linum schiedeanum Chamisso & Schlechtendal (1830a: 234)

González-Velasco, Juan, Burgos-Hernández, Mireya, Galván-Escobedo, Iris G. & Castillo-Campos, Gonzalo, 2022, Taxonomic update of the flax family in Mexico, Phytotaxa 549 (2), pp. 141-184 : 172-173

Linum schiedeanum Chamisso & Schlechtendal (1830a: 234) . ( Fig. 10b ).

Type:— MEXICO. Veracruz: in sylvaticis prope Jalapam, San Andrés, C. J. W. Schiede y F. Deppe 517 (C. J. W. Schiede s.n.) (holotype WU!, isotypes MO!, HAL!) .

Linum coulterianum Planchon (1848a: 498) . Type:— MEXICO. Hidalgo: Zimapan, T. Coulter 758 (holotype K!, isotype GH!).

Linum greggii Engelmann (1852a: 26) .

Cathartolinum coulterianum Small (1907d: 76) .

Cathartolinum schiedeanum (Schltdl. & Cham.) Small (1907d: 76) .

Cathartolinum greggii Small (1907e: 77) . Type:— MEXICO. Coahuila: near Saltillo, Gregg 387 (holotype MO!, isotypes GH!, NY).

Description: — Herbs, perennial, 10–70 cm in height, glabrous or almost glabrous, root thick; stems erect or extended, striate, unbranched to the inflorescence, glabrous. Leaves, basal ones entire, arranged in whorls of 4; distal ones ciliate, rarely opposite; oblanceolate to lanceolate, narrowly elliptical to obovate; 5.0–28.0 × 1.0–8.0 mm, sessile; apex acute, apiculate or mucronate; (1)3-nerved, midnerve conspicuous, occasionally also some lateral nerves; membranous, glabrous, or rarely with a few hairs near the base; stipular glands present at the base. Inflorescence a cymose panicle, pedicels 0.1–2.0 mm long; bracts 2.0–3.0 mm long, glabrous, margin glandular-dentate, apex acuminate, stipular glands absent; sepals persistent, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 2.0–5.0 × 1.0– 1.5 mm; margin widely scariose, glandular-dentate; apex acute to cuspidate; 1–3-nerved, midnerve evident; stipular glands absent; petals yellow-green, oblanceolate or narrowly obcordate, 2.0–10.0 × 2.0–6.0 mm, sparsely pilose at the base; stamens 2.0–5.0 mm long; anthers 0.3–0.7 mm long, yellow; staminodia minute; styles free, 1.5–4.0 mm long; stigmata capitate, yellow. Fruit ovoid, light yellow, 1.4–5.0 × 3.0–4.0 mm, glabrous, pericarp thin, apex acute, dehiscent into 10 segments, false septa partially developed, septa with sparse marginal cilia; seeds ovate, reddish-brown, 1.0–2.0 × 0.6–1.0 mm.

Distribution: — United States of America; in Mexico, in Chiapas, Mexico City, Coahuila, State of Mexico, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Michoacan, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Zacatecas ( Fig. 5b ).

Habitat and ecology: —Oyamel fir forest, deciduous forest, cypress-juniper forest, chaparral shrubland, crassirosette-leaved thorny shrublands, crop land, oak forests, oak-pine forests, thorny shrubland with lateral thorns, thornless or sub-thornless small-leaved shrublands, palm-tree forests, pine forests, grasslands, high or medium subdeciduous tropical forest, low deciduous forest, zacatonal alpine grasslands. Elevation 450–2950 m. Acrisol, Andosol, Cambisol, Kastanozem, Phaeozem, Fluvisol, Gleysol, Lithosol, Luvisol, Planosol, Regosol, Rendzina, Xerosol, and Vertisol soil types.

Phenology: —Flowering and fruiting in June–February.

Note: — Linum schiedeanum can be easily confused with L. nelsonii , since the latter varies in pubescence, size, and dimensions of leaves and flowers. However, among the characters that can be cited to differentiate L. schiedeanum include leaf width and glabrous pedicels and fruits.

Conservation status: — Linum schiedeanum is a species with a wide distribution range and thrives in a great diversity of environments. According to the criterion and subcriteria B established by the IUCN (2019), this species can be considered as LC (EOO = 677,472.147 km 2 and AOO = 264 km 2,> 10 localities known).

Specimens examined: — MEXICO. Chiapas: Amatenango , 5 km al este de la cabecera de Amatenango, 1676 m, 9 March 1988, J. López P. 339 ( CHAPA!) ; Comitán, Al SW de Comitán atrás fraccionamiento Tenam , 1695 m, 16°15’17”N, 92°13’42”W, 4 September 2008, F. Hernández N. 2492 ( XAL!) ; Oxchuc , 3 km S Rancho El Cura, 1970 m, 16°42’08”N, 92°15’52”W, S. Ochoa-Gaona et al. 4163 ( CHAPA!) ; Oxchuc, Barrio Santisima Trinidad , 2050 m, 17 May 1988, F. Gómez S. 183 ( MEXU!) ; San Juan Cancuc, Cruz ajk te´, 14 February 1992, J. Brett 824 ( XAL!) . Mexico City: Xochimilco, Xochitepec , 2250 m, 6 November 1977, A. Ventura A. 3150 (CIIDIR!, IBUG!) . Coahuila: Artega, Puerto San Lorenzo, Cerro La Campana , 2460 m, 2 August 1979, L. Arce 10432 ( ANSM!) ; Arteaga, Ejido El Puerto , 6 km de Los Lirios, 2520 m, 21 May 1980, R. López-Aguillón & J.A. Villarreal 664 (ANSM!, CHAP!) ; Arteaga, Ejido El Puerto , 2520 m, 27 May 1980, R. López A. & J.A. Villarreal 706 (ANSM!, CIIDIR!) ; Arteaga, Las Vigas Cañón de Jamé Sierra de Arteaga , 25°20’00”N, 100°39’00”W, 15 September 1988, J.A. Villarreal & M.A. Carranza 4581 ( ANSM!) ; Arteaga, Las Vigas Cañón de la Carbonera, Sierra de Arteaga , 2600 m, 25°20’00”N, 100°39’00”W, 5 June 1987, J.A. Villarreal & M.A. Carranza 3758 ( ANSM!) ; Arteaga, La Siberia Sierra de la Marta , 2300 m, 25°12’00”N, 100°30’00”, 27 May 1982, J.A. Villarreal 1656 ( ANSM!); Arteaga, El Morro Sierra de Arteaga, 2900 m, 25°12’00”N, 100°16’00”, 25 September 1991, J.A. Villarreal & M.A. Carranza 6273 ( ANSM!) ; Arteaga, Puerto San Lorenzo, Cerro La Campana , 2460 m, 2 August 1979, L. Arce s.n. ( CHAPA!) ; Arteaga, Sierra de Zapalinamé , 2400 m, 27 June 1990, Hinton et al. 20411 ( IEB!) ; Candela, Sierra Pájaros Azules Campo Santa María , 1800 m, 27°01’00”N, 100°50’00”W, 28 May 1997, P. Cruz A. 19 (ANSM!, CHAPA!) ; Candela, Sierra Pájaros Azules Campo Santa María , 1500 m, 27°02’00”N, 100°54’00”W, 5 December 1997, M.A. Carranza & D. Sánchez V. 2840 ( ANSM!) ; Castaños, Sierra la Gavia Rancho La Gavia , 1500 m, 26°10’00”N, 101°18’00”W, 25 October 1995, J.A. Villarreal & M.A. Carranza 8362 ( ANSM!) ; Castaños, Sierra la Gavia Rancho La Gavia , 1295 m, 26°10’00”N, 101°18’00”W, 10 August 1995, M.A. Carranza & J. Encinas 2262 ( ANSM!) ; General Cepeda, Sierra Pilote de Fierro , 2950 m, 25°10’00”N, 101°25’00”W, 13 August 1993, M.A. Carranza et al. 1632 (ANSM!, CIIDIR!, MEXU!) ; Múzquiz, Río Sabinas al noroeste de Múzquiz , 453 m, 27°58’03”N, 101°34’28”W, 3 November 2005, J.A. Encina & I. Ramírez S. 1574 ( ANSM!) ; Múzquiz, Carretera 53, Múzquiz-Boquillas , entrada al rancho la Babia , 980 m, 28°34’29”N, 102°03’27”W, 16 September 1999, J.A. Villarreal et al. 8866 ( ANSM!) ; Múzquiz, Cañón Rincón de María en la Sierra de la Babia, 1450 m, 28°27’81.9”N, 102°04’50.7”W, 21 August 1999, M.A. Carranza et al. 3067 ( ANSM!) ; Ocampo, Sierra Maderas del Carmen , 2270 m, 28°58’00”N, 102°35’00”W, 10 August 2004, D. Riskind et al. 23794 ( ANSM!) ; Ocampo, Sierra del Pino, ejido Acebuches , 1850 m, 28°15’00”N, 102°59’00”W, 12 October 1991, M.A. Carranza et al. 901 (ANSM!, CIIDIR!, XAL!) ; Ocampo, Rancho La Cruz , 2000 m, 27°15’00”N, 102°40’00”W, 11 September 1991, M.A. Carranza & L. García S. 1176 (ANSM!, CIIDIR!, IBUG!) ; Ocampo, Sierra Maderas de Carmen , 2050 m, 28°59’00”N, 102°35’00”W, 31 July 1974, T. Wendt & A. Adamcewicz 443 ( CHAPA!) ; Ocampo , 5 km al SW de Buenavista, 1650 m, 17 September 1981, J.L. Blando N. 8109145 ( INEGI!) ; Escobedo, Las Vacas , 1600 m, 3 August 1958, C.A. Ely 195 ( XAL!) ; Parras, Sierra de Parras en el arroyo seco del Rancho El Tunal, 2050 m, 1 September 1981, A. Rodríguez & P. Antonio H. 398 ( ANSM!) ; Parras, Cañón de Gustrola , 1950 m, 25°20’00”N, 102°03’00”W, 14 October 1983, A. Rodríguez & M.A. Carranza 1259 (ANSM!, XAL!) ; Progreso, Rancho “Campo Santa María”de Cementos Mexicanos , 585 m, 27°05’38”N, 100°53’56”W, 4 November 2007, J.A. Encina & G. Rocha G. 2262 ( ANSM!) ; Saltillo, Camino al Cerro El Penitente, 2710 m, 25°21’03”N, 100°54’47”W, J.A. Encina et al. 1488 ( ANSM!) ; Saltillo, 300 m al oeste del Ejido Chapultepec , 2220 m snm, 25°14’40”N, 100°50’43”W, 6 July 2016, J.A. Encina et al. 5548 ( ANSM!) ; Saltillo, Camino del Cuatro, Sierra de Zapalinamé , 1964 m, 25°21’58”N, 100°57’18”W, 19 March 2004, M.A. Llanas et al. 230 ( CIIDIR!) ; Saltillo, Sierra de Zapalinamé, cañón de San Lorenzo , 2060 m, 25°23’00”N, 101°00’00”W, 03 August 1995, M.A. Carranza & J. Encinas 2229 (ANSM!, CIIDIR!, MEXU!) ; Saltillo, Sierra de Zapalinamé 3.15 km al noreste del ejido Cuauhtémoc , 2484 m, 25°17’33.48”N, 100°54’58.11”W, 30 August 2014, J.A. Encina et al. 4099 ( ANSM!) ; Saltillo, Cañón de Timones al oeste de la Sierra de Zapalinamé, 2064 m, 25°19’47.36”N, 101°00’46.08”W, 26 April 2015, J.A. Encina & S. Guillermo R. 4554 ( ANSM!) ; Saltillo, Sierra de Zapalinamé Cañón el Coyote , 2262 m, 25°21’28”N, 100°56’51”W, 19 August 2000, J.A. Encina et al. 575 ( ANSM!) ; Saltillo, Camino del Cuatro Sierra de Zapalinamé , 1968 m, 27°58’03”N, 101°34’28”W, 1 November 2003, E. Padilla V. 1142 (ANSM!, MEXU!) ; Saltillo, Sierra de Zapalinamé Cañón de Santa Rosa-los Aguajes , 2400 m, 25°19’38”N, 100°57’46”W, 27 June 2000, J.A. Encina et al. 712 ( ANSM!) ; Saltillo, Cañón de San Lorenzo , 1800 m, 13 September 1979, L. Arce & J.A. Villarreal 554 ( ANSM!) ; Villa Acuña, Sierra del Carmen Canyon de Sentenela , 8 July 1936, F. Lyle W. & C.H. Mueller 583 ( ANSM!) ; State of Mexico: Villa Nicolás Romero, Libertad , 2200 m, 10 September 1978, A. Ventura A. 3313 ( INEGI!) . Guanajuato: 3 km al W de Pozos , 2300 m, 28 June 1987, Rzedowski 43488 ( XAL!) . Hidalgo: Jacala , km 276 carretera México – Jacala , 1700 m, 30 October 1966, L.M.V. de Puga 15118 ( IBUG!) . Michoacan: Coalcomán , al S de Torrecillas, 1950 m, 18°48’25.66”N, 103°02’17.41”W, 21 December 1938, Hinton et al. 12805 ( MEXU!) . Nayarit: Xalisco, Cerro Boludo , al W de Xalisco, 1600 m, 20 February 1989, R.E. González & S. Aguilar 697 ( UAMIZ!) . Nuevo Leon: Aramberri, Puerto Carretas , 24 June 1981, O. Briones 714 ( ANSM!) ; Dr. Arroyo , 7 km al S de La Encantada, 2520 m, 23°36’00”N, 99°50’00”W, 18 November 1993, J.A. Villarreal & M.A. Carranza 7681 ( ANSM!) ; Santiago, Áreas cercanas a Cola de Caballo , 800 m, 25°23’00”N, 100°10’00”W, 10 October 1984, J.A. Villarreal et al. 2999 (ANSM!, XAL!) ; Santiago, Sierra Rancho Nuevo, 25°24’00”N, 100°28’00”W, M.A. Carranza et al. 1797 ( ANSM!) ; Santiago, Laborcitas 15 km al oeste de V. de Santiago, 1400 m, 18 August 1976, V. Valdez T. 988 ( INEGI!) ; Santiago, Cola de Caballo , 9 May 1979, J.A. Villareal 17217 ( XAL!) . Oaxaca: Ixtlán de Juárez, Carretera Ixtlán-Capulalpam km 7.1, 2000 m, 17°19’1.3”N, 96°26’5.59”W, 25 August 2002, S. Figueroa-Brito & F.Y. Guzmán-Rivera 139 ( MEXU!) . Puebla: Palmar de Bravo, Cerro Tepoxtla de San Martín Esperilla , 2500 m, 18°44’17.15”N, 97°32’23.49”W, 5 May 1992, P. Tenorio L. 18283 ( MEXU!) . Queretaro: Cadereyta , 5 km al S de Vizarrón, 2300 m, 16 August 1989, Rzedowski 48673 ( CIIDIR!) ; Landa , 7 km al W de Tilaco, 1050 m, 9 June 1986, R. Fernández N. 3392 ( IEB!) ; Landa, al N del parador Santa Martha , 1750 m, 30 November 1988, E. Carranza 1224 ( IEB!) ; Landa, 1 km al Puerto de Malpaís , 1820 m, 13 June 1988, E. Carranza 588 ( IEB!) ; Landa , 1 km al SW de El Lobo, 1600 m, 1 August 1987, Rzedowski 44023 ( XAL!) ; Landa, 1 km al Sureste de El Pemoche , 1320 m, 2 May 1989, H. Rubio 626 ( XAL!) ; 7 km por la brecha a Tres Lagunas y Valle de Guadalupe , 2000 m, 2 July 1987, H. Díaz-Barriga 3819 ( IBUG!) . San Luis Potosi: Guadalcázar, Matehualilla Sierra La Trinidad , 1920 m, 22°42’7.7”N, 100°28’44.1”W, 16 October 2005, O. Mares A. & M. Sosa M. 663 ( ANSM!) ; Real de Catorce, Cerro La Cuchilla , 1920 m, 9 October 1979, J. García P. et al. 1309 ( CHAPA!) . Tamaulipas: Gómez Farias, Vecinity of “La Perra”, 1950 m, 18 June 1982, G. Diggs & M. Nee 2370 ( XAL!) . Veracruz: cerro al N del poblado de Jalcomulco , 19°20’40”N, 96°45’00”W, 20 November 1991. G. Castillo C & P. Moreno 7051 ( XAL!) ; En el cerro, al N del poblado de Jalcomulco , 19°20’10”N, 96°44’50”W, 20 November 1991. G. Castillo C & P. Moreno 7448 ( XAL!) ; Jalcomulco, 3 km antes de Jalcomulco por la Carr. Tuzamapa-Jalcomulco , 700 m, 19°22’00”N, 96°47’00”W, 15 January 1983, G. Castillo C. & A.P. Vovides 2765 ( XAL!) ; Jalcomulco, Cerro del Brujo , 19°19’54”N, 96°45’42”W, 10 January 1992, G. Castillo C. & P. Zamora C. 8801 ( XAL!) ; Jalcomulco, Cerro del Brujo , 19°19’54”N, 96°45’42”W, 10 January 1992, G. Castillo C. & P. Zamora C. 8789 ( XAL!) ; Naolinco, Carr. Jalapa-Naolinco , 3 km antes de Naolinco, 1550 m, 29 June 1977, J.J. Fay & J.I. Calzada 729 ( XAL!) . Zacatecas: Susticacán, Sierra de los Cardos a 4 km al noroeste de la comunidad de Los Cuervos , 2230 m, 22°38’28.6”N, 103°11’53.6”W, 22 August 2019, L. Hurtado-Reveles 135 ( CHAPA!) .

Figures

FIGURE 5. Geographic distribution in the Mexican territory of:A. L. cruciata, L. lasiocarpum, L. lewisii, L. mexicanum, and L. tenellum; B. L. elongatum, L. neomexicanum, L. puberulum, L. rzedowskii, and L. schiedeanum; C. L. modestum, L. orizabae, L. pringlei, L. scabrellum, and L. vernale. Maps by Ma. Isabel Olivares.

FIGURE 10. A. Linum rzedowskii; B. Linum schiedeanum; C. Linum tenellum; D. Linum usitatissimum. Photographs by José Luis Colin.