Synophrus Hartig, 1843

Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe & Dorchin, Netta, 2018, The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history, Zootaxa 4521 (4), pp. 451-498 : 479

Synophrus Hartig, 1843

A West Palearctic genus of 7 species, which was originally described as a gall inducer on oaks from section Cerris but later transferred to the inquilinous tribe Synergini on the basis of adult morphology ( Ronquist 1994). Species in this genus invade various galls on oaks from section Cerris. Invasion of a gall by Synophrus is always lethal to the gall inducer ( Pujade-Villar et al. 2003a; Pénzes et al. 2009) and is associated with extensive modification of the gall tissues, almost similar to the effect of the gall-inducer itself ( Pénzes et al. 2009). Two species are currently known from Israel on Q. ithaburensis .Two additional species, S. libani Melika & Pujade-Villar and S. syriacus Melika, which are known from Lebanon and Syria, respectively ( Pénzes et al. 2009), may also occur in Israel but have not been found yet.