Spinopilar martialis, Kury & Araujo, 2021

Kury, Adriano B. & Araujo, Débora C., 2021, On Spinopilar from Rio de Janeiro state with description of three new species (Opiliones, Laniatores, Cryptogeobiidae), Zootaxa 4984 (1), pp. 148-181 : 170-171

Spinopilar martialis spec. nov.

Figs 4B , 15–19

Type material. BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: Holotype ♂ ( MNRJ 9094 ), Macaé, Mata do TECAB, ponto 4, - 22.28847°, -41.734609°, 11.2015, D.R. Pedroso & O.M. Villarreal leg. Paratypes: 8 ♂, 6 ♀ ( MNRJ 8851 ), Macaé , TECAB, P4, -22.28847°, -41.734609°, 16– 22.2.2014, D.R. Pedroso & O.M. Villarreal leg. 4 ♂ ( MNRJ 8852 ), Macaé, TECAB, P3, -22.285914°, -41.73497°, 16– 22.2.2014, D.R. Pedroso leg. 1 ♀ ( MNRJ 8853 ), Macaé , TECAB, P3, -22.285914°, -41.73497°, G.S. Miranda leg. 1 ♀ ( MNRJ 8854 ), Macaé, Mata da Transpetro, Terminal Cabiúnas, P3, 5.2013, D.R. Pedroso & G.S. Miranda leg. 1 ♀ ( MNRJ 8855 ), Macaé TECAB, P3P4, D.R. Pedroso leg. 1 ♀ ( MNRJ 8856 ), Macaé TECAB, P3, -22.285914°, -41.73497°, 11.2015, D.R. Pedroso leg. 1 ♀ ( MNRJ 8857 ) , Macaé, Mata da Transpetro , Terminal Cabiúnas, P 4P2, 5.2013, D.R. Pedroso & G.S. Miranda leg. 1 ♂, 4 ♀, 1 juv. ( MNRJ 8848 ), Macaé, Mata da Transpetro, Terminal Cabiúnas, P 4, 5.2013, D.R. Pedroso & G.S. Miranda leg.

Etymology. Species name is the Latin adjective martialis (of or pertaining to Mars), referring to Latin prosoponym Martinus (from the Roman war god Mars), from where the surname Martens originated. Named after the eminent German arachnologist Jochen Martens, by occasion of his 80th birthday.

Diagnosis. Distinguished from all other species among other things by the unique large conk-shaped median lobe (cML) on posterior margin of St II and a lateral halter-shaped protuberance (hLP). Differs from all other Spinopilar (except S. magistralis ) by the presence of a well-developed mesal pars stridens on Pp Fe. Further differs from S. magistralis by the stout mesotergal armature.

Description. Male (holotype). Measurements: CL = 0.76, CW = 1.11, AL = 1.15, AW = 1.79. Dorsum ( Figs 4B , 15A, B, C ). Dorsal scutum bell-shaped: abdominal scutum much wider than carapace with sides gently converging posteriorly and without posterior constriction.Carapace with well-marked crescent-shaped groove, entirely smooth; lateral ridges deep; preocular mound moderately high, with scaly tegument. Ocularium high, elliptical, situated in the middle of the carapace, armed with robust erect acuminate spiniform apophysis. Lateral margins of scutum with row of setiferous tubercles extending from ozopores to middle of area III. This row doubled in the posterior part. Mesotergum divided into 4 areas by deep and wide substraight grooves. Median armature of areas I– IV increasing in size backwards. Scutal areas I–II each armed with a pair of paramedian blunt tubercles placed very close to each other (0.05 mm), otherwise entirely smooth. Scutal area III with a pair of paramedian acuminate setiferous tubercles, larger and slightly more separated (0.08 mm) than those of area II. These 2 main tubercles make part of a transversal row containing much smaller tubercles, 3 to 4 on each side. Scutal area IV similar to III, except for much larger and more separated (0.17 mm) main tubercles (which already enter the category of spines). Free tergites I–III each with a transversal row of respectively 12, 10 and 8 acuminate tubercles, the ones in middle pair clearly more robust than the others. Anal operculum with 3 transversal rows of 4, 3 and 2 acuminate setiferous tubercles. Venter. All coxae densely covered by oval setiferous tubercles, a few of those also present between stigmata. Free sternites with scattered setiferous tubercles. Cx I to III arched, transversal to main body axis; Cx II curved around Cx I, as wide as Cx I, in situ much longer than Cx III. Cx II and III delimit a narrow sternum. Maxillary lobe of Cx II as a small triangle. Cx I movable. Cx II linked to Cx III by only one pair of large lateral tubercular bridges; Cx III linked to Cx IV by two pairs of large lateral tubercular bridges. Cx IV slanted, larger than all others combined. Stigmatic area roughly triangular, fused to sternite II, with lateral grooves highlighting the stigmata. Posterior margin of the complex stigmatic area + sternite II with large, roughly conk-shaped, median lobe. Stigmata small, entirely transversal and partially covered by a mesal lobe. Cx IV, Tr IV and stigmatic area complex forming a ventral complex of 3 overlaid apophyses as follows: (1) Cx IV has a clearly biramous apophysis, mesal branch conic, applied against stigmatic apophysis and ectal branch as a fasciolate hyaline truncated apophysis (FAp, sensu Kury 2014) applicable against Tr IV; (2) stigmatic area has a robust halter-shaped lateral protuberance (hLP); (3) Tr IV has a ventro-mesal apical very long (surpassing protuberance in 2) and extremely robust spatulate apophysis, with a secondary branch mid-length forming a FAp, extremely similar to corresponding FAp of Cx IV. Tr IV furthermore has a cluster of 4 meso-basal very thick setae (PTC). Chelicera/Pedipalp ( Figs 17A–E ). Basichelicerite with well-developed bulla, separated from peduncle by a narrow waist. Ectal surface near dorsum with a single very large plectrum and a field of plectral ridges. Cheliceral hand weak, monomorphic. Pp Tr with 1 large ventral megaspine, Fe with 1 larger and 1 very small megaspines, Pa unarmed. Pp Fe cylindrical, abruptly bent dorsally and moderately compressed, with a well-developed mesal pars stridens composed of ca. 70 ridges. Spination of Pp cage: Ti mesal IiIi, ectal IÎi, Ta mesal IiIi, ectal IiIi.

Legs ( Figs 4B , 15A–B , 18A–F ). Fe I and III: gently curved, with rows of setiferous tubercles. Ti III: uniformly thickened. Cx IV: well-developed, expanding laterally and posteriorly to reach the posterior border of scutal area IV, armed with a distal prodorsal spiniform apophysis and retroventral FAp. Tr IV: extremely robust, armed with an elongate straight retrolateral spatuliform apophysis bearing inner FAp and retrolateral primary trochanteral cluster formed by five smooth setae. Fe IV: cylindrical, incrassate on second fourth, armed with rows of large, acuminate setiferous tubercles. Pa IV: with armature similar to Fe. Ti IV: incrassate on the last 3/4, armed with rows of setiferous tubercles as in Fe, however these increase substantially in size distad. Mt IV: calcaneus thickened but not fusiform and armed with rows of setiferous tubercles. Tarsal counts: 5(3)/7(3)/5/5. Genitalia ( Figs 19A–I ). Distal part of truncus abruptly bent as a botuliform oblique malleus (so that original dorsal surface is now apical and original apical is now ventral) and an erect large lamina parva (LP). Well-developed hyaline button present at dorsal transition zone between truncus and malleus, but not restricted to it, rather expanding onto all area of malleus around follis. Lamina parva prismatic, subrectangular (in ventral view) with rounded corners. Nine pairs of macrosetae (MS) A to E arranged as follows: MS A1 stout, inserted on latero-apical surface of malleus, close to the base of LP. MS A2 stout, inserted directly on lamina parva. MS B1 as strong as A1–A2, located in the middle of latero-apical surface of malleus, next to A1. MS C1–C3 short, striated, inserted close to each other, located on the ventro-latero-distal edge of LP. MS D1 very short, located of the dorsolateral surface of LP, close to C3. MS E1–E2 similar in size to MS C, forming a quadrangle on ventro-distal surface of LP, E2 somewhat larger than E1. Follis ovoid, turgid, without folds or grooves. Stylus smooth and simple, without dorsal accessory plate (DAPG), without head (but with tapering apex), bent. Skirt like two non-coplanar (forming acute angle) serrate spread wings ( Figs 19H–I ).

Figures

FIGURES 4A–C. Spinopilar spp., males, habitus, dorsal. A Spinopilar jocheni from Pedra de Guaratiba (MNRJ 7115). B Spinopilar martialis from Macaé (MNRJ 8852) C Spinopilar magistralis from Búzios (MNRJ 18984). Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURES 15A–C. Spinopilar martialis spec. nov., holotype ♂ (MNRJ 9094) from Macaé.A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, left side, ozopore region, lateral. C Habitus, dorsolateral. Scale bars: 500 μm (A, C), 50 μm (B).

FIGURES 16A–F. Spinopilar martialis spec. nov., holotype ♂ (MNRJ 9094) from Macaé. A Habitus, ventral. B–D Detail of stigmatic area and Cx/Tr IV (B ventral, C ventro-frontal, D right side, ventro-lateral). E Right side border of dorsal scutum at carapace, showing ozopore. F Left Cx–Tr IV, detail showing each FAp. cML—conk-shaped median lobe of stigmatic area, hSL—halter-shaped lateral lobe of stigmatic area, SC—secondary trochanteral cluster of setae, PTC—primary trochanteral cluster. Scale bars: 1 mm (C), 500 μm (A, B, D), 50 μm (E, F).

FIGURES 17A–E. Spinopilar martialis spec. nov., holotype ♂ (MNRJ 9094) from Macaé. A Left chelicera, ectal. B Left ba- sichelicerite, plectrum, ectal. C–E Right Fe of pedipalp (C mesal, D opposite side, detail of pars stridens, mesal, E detail of pars stridens). Scale bars: 100 μm (A, C), 50 μm (D), 20 μm (B), 10 μm (E).

FIGURES 18A–F. Spinopilar martialis spec. nov., ♂♂ (A–D, F paratype, MNRJ 8848, E holotype, MNRJ 9094) from Macaé. A Left leg I, prolateral. B Left leg II, retrolateral. C Left leg III, prolateral. D Left leg IV, prolateral. E Left Ta I, prolateral. F Left Fe IV, ventral. Scale bars: 500 μm (A, B, D), 200 μm (C, F), 100 μm (E).

FIGURES 19A–I. Spinopilar martialis spec. nov., holotype ♂ (MNRJ 9094) from Macaé, distal part of genitalia (A dorsal, B lateral, C ventral, D same, detail of lamina parva, E apical, F–I stylus & glans [F latero-apical, G lateral, H ventro-apical, I apical]). Scale bars: 50 μm (A, B), 20 μm (C, E), 10 μm (D, F, G, H, I).