Anhanguera adductor subsp. mandibulae

Pêgas, Rodrigo V, Costa, Fabiana R & Kellner, Alexander W A, 2021, Reconstruction of the adductor chamber and predicted bite force in pterodactyloids (Pterosauria), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193 (2), pp. 602-602 : 602-

M. adductor mandibulae externus profundus (mAMEP)

Origin: The mAMEP is the medialmost muscle of the mAME group. It originates from within the upper temporal fenestra, posterior to mPSTs and medial to mAMEM. This corresponds mostly to the lateral surface of the parietal (e.g. Crocodylia), but also includes the medial surface of the squamosal in the Lepidosauria and the lateral surfaces of the squamosal and laterosphenoid in modern birds ( Holliday & Witmer, 2007). It should be noticed that its presence on the lateral surface of the squamosal in the Aves, instead of the medial surface, is due to the loss of the temporal bar in these birds. In turtles, due to their unique skull morphology, the configuration of the origin area of this muscle is uniquely shifted, encompassing several bones of the occipital region (see Werneburg, 2011).

In pterosaurs the posterior region of the upper temporal fenestra is bordered medially by the parietal and laterally by the squamosal, suggesting that mAMEP originated from these bones as in lepidosaurs. The upper temporal fenestra in Thalassodromeus Kellner & Campos, 2002 ( Fig. 3 ) and in Tupuxuara leonardii (see Kellner, 2004) is surrounded by an adductor ridge that invades the posterodorsal part of the sagittal cranial crest. The crest thus provided

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Figures

Figure 3. Upper temporal regions of Thalassodromeus sethi holotype (DGM 1476-R) in (A) dorsal and (B) right lateral view; and (C) of Tapejara wellnhoferi (SMNK 1137) in right lateral view. All scale bars = 20 mm. Abbreviations: f, frontal; fpcr, frontoparietal crest; or, orbit; utf, upper temporal fenestra.