Dibrachys microgastri ( Bouche , 1834)

Jiao, Tian-yang, Yao, Qin-ying & Xiao, Hui, 2017, Review of Dibrachys Foerster from China (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae), ZooKeys 656, pp. 123-149 : 138-141

Dibrachys microgastri ( Bouche, 1834) Figs 38-41

Diplolepis microgastri Bouché, 1834: 168; neotype female in ZMH by Peters and Baur 2011: 12. Syntypes presumed lost ( Graham 1969: 811). Möller 1886: 83; Vidal 2001, 7: 62.

Dibrachys microgastri ( Bouché) Peters & Baur, 2011: 18; Vidal 2001: 62.

Dibrachys microgastri Synonymy: Pteromalus cavus Walker, 1835: 477-478; Pteromalus decedens Walker, 1835: 478; Pteromalus albinervis Ratzeburg, 1844: 199; Pteromalus boucheanus Ratzeburg, 1844: 196; Pteromalus tenuis Ratzeburg, 1844: 195; Pteromalus zelleri Ratzeburg, 1848: 190; Pteromalus vesparum Ratzeburg, 1852: 233; Cleonymus clisiocampae Fitch, 1856: 431-432; Pteromalus boarmiae Walker in Newman, 1863: 8609, 8610; Cheiropachus nigro-cyaneus Norton, 1869: 327; Eupelmus cereanus Rondani, 1876: 38. 40; Pteromalus gelechiae Webster, 1883: 151; Pteromalus chionobae Howard, 1889: 1872, 1889; Arthrolytus apatelae Ashmead, 1893: 162; Arthrolytus pimplae Ashmead, 1894: 339; Trichomalus truyilloi Blanchard, 1938: 178; Tritneptis elegans Szelényi, 1981: 400.

Diagnosis.

Body slender (Figs 38, 39), length 1.8-2.5 mm; gaster long ovate, spindle-shaped. Head in frontal view (Fig. 40), width 1.21 × height; antennal scrobe extending upwards but not reaching anterior ocellus; antennal insertion placed on lower ocular line; lower face at least slightly convex; sculpture on face larger than on vertex; clypeus with longitudinal striation; lower margin of clypeus slightly protruded, emarginated and with two blunt teeth. Antennal scape slightly shorter than eye height; not reaching lower margin of anterior ocellus; length of pedicle and flagellum shorter than head width; anelli transverse; each funicular segment quadrate except Fu6 transverse; setae on antenna become an angle with antennal surface. Mesosoma 1.43 × as long as broad; mid lobe of mesoscutum with coarse sculpture. Propodeum with complete plicae and weak median carina. Fore wing (Fig. 41) 1.88 × as long as broad; submarginal vein 2 × as long as marginal vein, marginal vein 1.9-2.5 × postmarginal vein, postmarginal vein shorter or as most as long as stigmal vein; stigmal vein straight. Gaster 2 × as long as broad, slightly broader than thorax width.

Material examined.

China: 3♂, 7♀, Heilongjiang: Hailin, VI.1975, ex. pupae of Atractodes sp., leg. Gui-You Zhang; 2♂, 1♀, Heilongjiang: Yichun, 3.VII.1972, ex. Tachinidae sp. on Tortricidae sp., leg. Ding-Xi Liao; 1♂, 8♀Heilongjiang: Yichun, 13.VII.1962, ex. Tachinidae sp. on Ptycholomoides aeriferanus Herrich-Schaffer, leg. Ding-Xi Liao; 2♂, 6♀, Heilongjiang: Yichun, 18.IX.1975, ex. Ptycholomoides aeriferanus Herrich-Schaffer, leg. You-Qiao Liu; 4♀, Heilongjiang: Harbin, 3.VII.1962, ex. pupae of Yponomeuta padella Linnaeus, leg. Tai-Lu Chen; 5♀, Heilongjiang: Harbin, 4.VII.1962, ex. pupae of flies, leg. Tai-Lu Chen; 1♂, 2♀, Heilongjiang: Harbin, 11.V.1978, ex. pupae of Anacampsis populella Clerck, leg. Wen-Min Chen; 2♂, 7♀, Heilongjiang: Harbin, 11.IV.1978, ex. larvae of Aphididae sp., leg. Wen-Min Chen; 11♂, Heilongjiang: Jiamusi, 21.IX.1979, ex. aphids on cabbagecabbage aphid, leg. Ding-Xi Liao; 1♂, 8♀,Heilongjiang: Mishan, VI.1963, ex. Pyrausta nubilalis ( Hübner), leg. De-Yun Deng; 1♂, 1♀, Heilongjiang: Dailing, 18.IX.1975, ex. Rhyacionia buoliana , leg. Ding-Xi Liao; 2♀, Jilin: Siping, VII.1980, ex. Coleophoridae sp., leg. Yu-Ying Qiu; 5♀, Liaoning: Liaoyang, 19.VI.1980, ex. larvae of Lymantria dispar L., leg. Yu-Bao Zhang and Gui-Zhi Zhang; 3♂, 7♀, Liaoning: Liaoyang, 17.VII.1979, ex. Musca domestica (Linnaeus,1758), leg. Ding-Xi Liao; 1♀, Liaoning: Liaoyang, 10.VI.1979, ex. pupae of Cnidocampa flavescens (Walker), leg. Yu-Bao Zhang; 5♀, Liaoning: Jinzhou, vi.1970, ex. Nephoteryx pirivorella Matsumura, leg. Bin Liu; 1♂, 1♀, Liaoning: Shenyang, 11.VII.1978, ex. sawfly, leg. Gong-Tian Xu; 1♂, 1♀, Liaoning: Xingcheng, 25.V.1981, leg. Yan-Li Zhao; 4♀, Liaoning: Suizhong, 13.IX.1973, ex. pupae of Tachinidae sp., leg. Shu-Hai Wang; 5♀, Liaoning: Liaoyang, Yuejiadadui, 1979, ex. pupae of Lymantria dispar (L.) from Populus sp., leg. Yu-bao Zhang & Gui-Zhi Zhang; 1♀, Liaoning: Liaoyang, Beiling, 5.IX.1978, ex. Lymantria dispar (L.), leg. Gong-Tian Xu; 1♀, Liaoning: Fuxian, 25.VI.1976, ex. Tortricidae sp., leg. Ding-Xi Liao; 3♀, Liaon ing: Siping, VI.1989, ex. Yponomeutidae sp., leg. Gui-You Zhang; 8♀, Liaoning: Fusong, IX.1953, ex. eggs of Dendrolimus sp.; 2♀, Inner Mongolia: Urad Middle Banner, 17.VII.1980, ex. Anacampsis Populella Clerck, leg. Xu-Chang Huang; 3♂, Inner Mongolia: Horinger, 4.VIII.1981, ex. Malacosoma sp., leg. Qiang-Hua Shao; 1♂, 2♀, Inner Mongolia: Baotou, 19.IX.1989, ex. pupae of gelechiid moth, leg. Zhong-Ren Liu; 2♂, 3♀, Inner Mongolia: Baotou, 24.VI.1989, ex. pupae of ichneumon, leg. Zhong-Ren Liu; 1♀, Inner Mongolia: Baotou, 28.vii.1985, ex. Scolytidae sp., Zhong-Ren Liu; 3♂, 7♀, Beijing, vii.1986, ex. pupae of Tachinidae sp., leg. Da-Wei Huang; 1♂, 9♀, Beijing, 21.VIII.1962, ex. Tortricid, leg. Ding-Xi Liao; 5♀, Beijing: Xijiao, 20.IX.1957, ex. pupae of Stilprotia salicis , leg. Tai-Lu Chen; 1♀, Beijing: Miyun, 17.VI.1984, ex. Dendrolimus tabulaeformis , leg. Da-Wei Huang; 2♂, 6♀, Beijing: Daxing, 1963, ex. obsolete honeycomb, leg. Zong-You Xu; 2♀, Beijing: Yuanmingyuan Imperial Garden, 25.vii.1984, ex. larvae of Lymantria dispar , leg. Mu-Zong Cheng; 4♀, Hebei: Zhangbei, VII-XII.1983, ex. Stilpnotia candida , leg. Ding-Xi Liao; 8♂, 24♀, Hebei: Zhangbei, 21.VII.1983, larvae of Stilpnotia candida , leg. Xing-Jun Li; 9♀, Hebei: Zhangbei, vii.1983, ex. Lymantridae sp., leg. Xing-Jun Li; 1♂, 5♀, Hebei: Zhangbei, ex. pupae of Gypsonoma minutara , leg. Jun-Rong Dai; 1♀, Hebei: Fengning, 20.v.1992, ex. Rogas dendrolimi (Matsumura), leg. Da-Zhou Wang; 2♂, 3♀, Shanxi: Taiyuan, 6.V.1991, ex. Eulecanium gigantean , leg. Hui-Di Zhang; 2♀, Shanxi: Taigu, 8.VII.1979, ex. pupae of Yponomeutidae sp., leg. Zhan-Gui Li; 1♂, 2♀, Shanxi: Taiyuan, 19.vi.1990, ex. pupae of Yponomeuta polystinellus Felder, leg. Da-Wei Huang; 1♂, 1♀, Shanxi: Taiyuan, iv.1980, ex. pupae of Ancylis sativa Liu, leg. Ci Yu; 3♀, Shanxi: Pingshun, 10.VIII.1978, ex. Pinus tabuliformis Carrière; 1♂, 1♀, Shanxi: Taigu, 8.VII.1979, ex. pupae of Galleria mellonella , leg. Zhan-Gui Li; 3♀, Shanxi: Taigu, 15.VI.1979, ex. larvae of Illiberis nigra Leech, leg. Zhan-Gui Li; 4♀, Shanxi: Taigu, VII.1979, ex. Illiberis nigra Leech, leg. Zhan-Gui Li; 1♀, Shanxi: Taigu, VII.1979, ex. Lithocolletis ringoniella Mats., leg. Zhan-Gui Li; 2♀, Shanxi: Shuoxian, 24.V.1984, ex. Braconidae on Coccinella septempunctata , leg.Yu-Zhi Niu; 3♂, 6♀, Shanxi: Shuoxian, 3-16.VI.1984, ex. Braconidae sp. on Anacampsis Populella Clerck, leg.Yu-Zhi Niu; 3♂, 6♀, Shanxi: Shuoxian, 14-18.VI.1984, ex. Anacampsis Populella Clerck, leg. Yu-Zhi Niu; 1♂, 2♀, Shanxi: Shuoxian, 20.VI.1983, ex. Anacampsis Populella Clerck, leg.Yu-Zhi Niu; 1♂, 7♀, Shanxi: Shuoxian, V-VII.1984, ex. Tachinidae sp. on Anacampsis Populella Clerck, leg.Yu-Zhi Niu; 1♀, Shangdong: Weihai, 3.VI.1958, leg. Jin-Long Mao; 1♀, Shangdong: Fushan, 26.X.1958, leg. Jin-Long Mao; 1♂, 4♀, Henan: Anyang, 20.V.1956, ex. Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), leg. Ding-Xi Liao; 3♀, Henan: Zhengzhou, 10.IX.1972, ex. larvae of Olethreutidae sp., leg. Ding-Xi Liao; 1♀, Shaanxi: Xianyang, 6.III.1975, ex. pupae of Earias cupreoviridis Walker, leg. Ding-Xi Liao; 2♂, 6♀, Ningxia: Luhuatai, 29.V.1982, ex. Ypsolopha vittellus (Linnaeus), leg. Ding-Xi Liao; 3♀, Ningxia: ZhongweisShapotou, 15.VI.1981, leg. Ding-Xi Liao; 3♀, Ningxia: Yinchuang, 12.VI.1974, ex. pupae of Syrphidae sp. on Ulmus pumila L.; 1♂, 9♀, Gansu: Pingliang, VII.1966, ex. Tachinidae sp. & Illiberis pruni , leg. Shou-Min Liu; 3♀12♂, Gansu: Pingli ang, VII. 1966, ex. Illiberis pruni , leg. Shou-Min Liu; 4♂, 22♀, Xinjiang: Altay, VI.1979, ex. larvae of Gelechia pinguinella Trietschke, leg. Jun-Wen Xia; 5♀, Xinjiang: Korla, collecting time unknown, ex. eggs of Macroglossum corythus luteata (Butler), leg. Tai-Lu Chen; 3♀, Xinjiang: Urumchi, 12.VII.1980, ex. pest on Salix sp., leg. Jiu-Xiong Bai; 1♂, 5♀, Jiangsu: Nanjing, 4.VII.1963, leg. Ding-Xi Liao; 2♂, 5♀, Shanghai: Pudong New District, III.1972, ex. cottonseed; 4♀, Shanghai: Minhang, XII.1979, ex. Apanteles glomeratus (L.), leg. Ji-Long He; 6♀, Anhui: Dangshan, 7.XI.1975, ex. Pyrausta nubilalis (Hubern) & Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen), leg. Ding-Xi Liao; 12♀, Anhui:Huangfu Mountain, 19.VI1965, ex. larvae of Lepidoptera , leg. Ding-Xi Liao; 1♂, 4♀, Zhejiang: Hangzhou, X.1954, ex. Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders); 2♂, 6♀, Zhejiang: Hangzhou, i.1963, leg. Ding-Xi Liao; 5♂, 2♀, Zhejiang: Hangzhou, I.1963, ex. Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), leg. Cui Hu; 1♂, 2♀, Hubei: Hong’an, V.1978, ex. pupae of Dendrolimus punctatus Walker, leg. Ding-Xi Liao; 6♀, Hunan: Changsha, 20.III.1984, ex. Chilo suppressalis (Walker), leg. Ding-Xi Liao; 1♂, 9♀, Hunan: Liuyang, 24.IX.1979, ex. eggs of Dendrolimus sp., leg. Ding-Xi Liao; 1♀, Hunan, collecting time unknown, leg. Xin-Wang Tong; 1♀, Yunnan: Kunming, 17.V.1967, ex. larvae of Macrocentrus sp. leg. Jing-Liang Qi; 1♀, Yunnan: Zhaotong, 5.IV.1973, ex. Chilo suppressalis (Walker), leg. Ding-Xi Liao; 1♂, 1♀, Tibet: Lhasa, 3650m, 27.VIII.2001, leg. Chao-Dong Zhu. 2♀, Sk. Ahus, 15.IV.1979. leg. K. J. Hedqvist, Dibrachy cavus (Walker), det. K. J. Hedqvist; N. Zealand: 1♀, Lincoln, nr Christchurch RT., 1988, B.J. Donovan. Cult. Vespula gemanica, Dibrachys boarmiae (Walker), det. Z. Boucěk, 1988.

Hosts.

Hosts of Dibrachys microgastri has been widely recorded, and the primary parasite has been recorded more than 240 species from 45 families of seven insects orders and also recorded two species of Arachnida (Noyes 2002). In our study, the species was parasitic on Coleoptera ( Scolytidae sp.), Diptera ( Tachinidae sp. on Tortricidae sp., Tachinidae sp. on Anacampsis Populella Clerck, pupae of Tachinidae sp. and Syrphidae sp. on Ulmus pumila L.), Hemiptera (aphids on cabbage), Hymenoptera ( Apanteles glomeratus (L.), Braconidae sp. on Coccinella septempunctata , larvae of Macrocentrus sp., pupae of Gelis sp. and Lepidoptera ( Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen), Chilo suppressalis (Walker), Lymantria dispar (L.), Malacosoma sp., Nephopteryx pirivorella (Matsumura), Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), Ptycholomoides aeriferanus ( Herrich-Schäffer), Pyrausta nubilalis ( Hübner), Ypsolopha vittellus (Linnaeus), eggs of Dendrolimus sp., larvae of Gelechia pinguinella Trietschkeb and Olethreutidae sp., pupae of Anacampsis populella Clerck, pupae of Cnidocampa flavescens (Walker), pupae of Dendrolimus punctatus (Walker), pupae of Earias cupreoviridis Walker, pupae of Stilprotia salicis (L.), pupae of Yponomeuta padella Linnaeus and so on).

Distribution.

China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Shangdong, Henan, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Yunnan, Tibet); widespread world-wide distribution (Noyes, 2016).