Stereodytis eclipsia Tomura & Hirowatari, 2023

Tomura, Shunsuke, Yagi, Sadahisa & Hirowatari, Toshiya, 2023, New record of the genus Stereodytis Meyrick, 1914 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) from Japan with the description of a new species, Zootaxa 5254 (4), pp. 545-555 : 547-550

Stereodytis eclipsia Tomura & Hirowatari sp. nov.

[Japanese name: Haiboshi-maruha-kibaga]

Type material. JAPAN, Kyushu: Kagoshima, Holotype ♁, [ JPN] Kôrimoto-Campus,/ Kagoshima-Univ., Kagoshima-/ Pref., 17.III.2020 larva/ Shunsuke TOMURA leg./ N31.572474, E130.545597 / Host:/ Metasequoia / glyptostroboides / bark/ 28.IV.2020 em., No. ST406 ( ELKU). Paratypes: 37 ♁, 24 ♀; Honshu: Wakayama, 2 ♀, Sirahama-onsen, Sirahama-tyo, 16. V.2003, T. Saito leg. ( OPU); 2 ♁, Senzyoziki, Sirahama-tyo, 23. V.2004, T. Saito leg.( OPU). Kyushu: Fukuoka, 1 ♀, Ikinomatsubara, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, (alt. 4 m),(N33.583168, E130.305107), 7. V.2021, LT, S. Tomura leg., No. ST481 ( ELKU); 1 ♁, Ozasa, Chűô-ku, Fukuoka-shi, (alt. 43 m), 10.IV.2020, S. Tomura leg., No. ST427 ( ELKU); 1 ♁, same locality and collector as above, 16. V.2020, No. ST403 ( ELKU); 1 ♀, 23. VI.2020, No. ST404 ( ELKU); 1 ♁, 24. VI.2020, ST470 ( ELKU); 2 ♁, 17.IV.2021, No. ST471 ( ELKU), ST472 ( KGU); 1 ♁, 27.IV.2021, No. ST473 ( ELKU); 1 ♁, 27.IV.2021, No. ST476 ( ELKU); 2 ♁, 28.IV.2021, No. ST436 ( ELKU), ST474 ( ELKU); 1 ♁, 5. V.2021, No. ST462 ( ELKU); 1 ♁, 13. V.2021, No. ST475 ( ELKU); 1 ♁, 4. VI.2021, No. ST478 ( ELKU); 1 ♁, 28. VI.2021, No. ST477 ( ELKU); 1 ♁, 12.X.2021, No. ST510 ( ELKU); 1 ♀, 16.X.2021, No. ST511 ( ELKU); 1 ♀, Hakikugumiya, Asakura-shi, (alt. ca 30 m), (N33.350016, E130.782327; Mesh No. 5030– 06–22), 19. VI.2021, S. Suzuki leg., No. ST512 ( ELKU); Kagoshima, 2 ♀, Terukuni-Jinja (around), Terukuni-cho, Kagoshima-shi, 15.III.2018, LT, J. Oku leg., No. ST479 ( KGU), ST480 ( ELKU); same locality, collecting date, collector, and host as holotype, 1 ♁ 1 ♀, 7.IV.2020 em., No. ST465♁ ( KGU), ST 464♀ ( ELKU); 1 ♁, 8. V.2020 em., No. ST466 ( ELKU); 1 ♀, 17.IV.2020 em., No. ST402 ( ELKU); 2 ♀, 22. V.2020 em., No. ST467, ST468 ( ELKU); 1 ♁, 24.IV.2020 em., No. ST405 ( ELKU); 1 ♁, 28.IV.2020 em., No. ST401 ( ELKU); 1 ♁, same locality and collecting date as holotype, (pupa), 25.III.2020 em., K. Goto leg., No. ST469, located on the bark ( ELKU); 1 ♁, same locality and collector as holotype, 21.XII.2020 em., (F1), No. ST496, host: bark of Quercus acutissima Carruth ( ELKU); 1 ♀, same locality and collector as holotype, and same host as above, 26.IV.2021 em., (F2), No. ST458 ( ELKU); 2 ♁ 1 ♀, 9–10. V.2021 em., (F2), No. ST508♁ ( KGU), ST509♁ ( ELKU), ST 463♀ ( ELKU); 1 ♀, 17. V.2021 em., (F2), ST507 ( ELKU); 1 ♀, 19. V.2021 em., (F2), No. ST506 ( KGU); 1 ♁ 1 ♀, 21. V.2021 em., (F2), No. ST482♁ ( ELKU), ST 407♀ ( ELKU); 1 ♁, 22–23. V.2021 em., (F2), No. ST484 ( KGU); 1 ♁ 1 ♀, 26. V.2021 em., (F2), No. ST499♁ ( ELKU), ST 485♀ ( ELKU); 2 ♁ 1 ♀, 27–28. V.2021 em., (F2), No. ST500♁ ( ELKU), ST501♁ ( ELKU), ST 503♀ ( KGU); 2 ♁ 2 ♀, 29. V.–2. VI.2021 em., (F2), No. ST483♁ ( ELKU), ST502♁ ( ELKU), ST 488♀ ( KGU), ST 489♀ ( ELKU); 1 ♁ 1 ♀, 5–7. VI.2021 em., (F2), No. ST486♁ ( ELKU), ST 491♀ ( ELKU); 1 ♁ 1 ♀, 9–11. VI.2021 em., (F2), No. ST495♁ ( KGU), ST 492♀ ( ELKU), 1 ♁ 2 ♀, 16–17. VI.2021 em., (F2), No. ST487♁ ( ELKU), ST 490♀ ( ELKU), ST 498♀ ( ELKU); 1 ♁ 1♀, 5.VII.2021 em., (F2), No. ST494♁ ( ELKU), ST 504♀ ( ELKU); 1 ♁, 20.VII.2021 em., (F2), No. ST497 ( ELKU); 1 ♁, 13.VIII.2021 em., (F2), No. ST493 ( ELKU); 1 ♁, 8.IX.2021 em., (F3), No. ST505 ( ELKU).

Diagnosis. In male genitalia, S. eclipsia sp. nov. is similar to S. brevignatha in having a narrow downward apex of the valva and broad sacculus in the apical half but can be distinguished by the bifurcated apex of the valva and reduced median lobe of the gnathos. In female genitalia, S. eclipsia sp. nov. is similar to S. acutidens in having the funnel-shaped sclerotized plate of the eighth tergum and the oval signum with a transverse band but can be distinguished by the entirely membranous ductus bursae. In other oecophorine genera, S. eclipsia sp. nov. is similar to Mimobrachyoma eusema (Lower, 1900) , Baioglossa anisopasta (Turner, 1935) , Coesyra melancholica Meyrick, 1918 , and Heterozyga cylicopa Meyrick, 1914 in sharing the wide-lanceolate, ochreous-brown or gray forewing with some dark spots around the cell, short or reduced gnathos, un-protruded sacculus of the male genitalia, and the slender ductus bursae of the female genitalia. The new species can be distinguished by the following characters: 1) in the male genitalia, the uncus is not heavily sclerotized and has a pointed apex, the median lobe of the gnathos is reduced and without dorsoapical scaly spines, and the sacculus in undivided, whereas in M. eusema , the uncus is heavily sclerotized, and the median lobe of the gnathos is absent; in B. anisopasta , the median lobe of the gnathos is short with dorsoapical scobination; in C. melancholica , the uncus is bluntly emarginate and the sacculus is strongly divided; in H. cylicopa , the tegumen is broad and the valva is round at apex; 2) in the female genitalia, the signum is not a narrow crescent, unlike Mimobrachyoma .

Description. Adult ( Figs. 1–6 ). Forewing length, 5.5 mm, wingspan 12.0 mm in holotype; males 5.0– 6.6 mm, wingspan 10.8–14.6 mm (n = 37); females 5.1–7.4 mm, wingspan 11.2–16.2 mm (n = 23) in paratypes. Head. Vertex and frons ochreous, vestiture slightly rough, tufted above eyes; eye covered with long ochreous scales ventrally. Antennal scape ochreous brown, scattered with dark brown scales dorsally; pale yellow ventrally; pecten ochreous brown, as long as scape; flagellomeres dark brown, scattered with ochreous brown; sensillae as long as flagellomere, dense hair-like in male and 1/2 times as long as flagellomere, sparce hair-like in female. Labial palpus: second palpomere ochreous brown, speckled with dark brown, lower proportion of dark brown scales on inner surface than outer surface; third palpomere ochreous brown, speckled with dark brown. Thorax. Mesonotum and tegula dark brown, speckled with ochreous brown color. Forewing ochreous brown, speckled with dark brown scales; basal half of costal margin and termen dense dark brown; small blackish brown spot near base at 4/5 width of wing from dorsum; discal, plical and discocellular spots blackish brown, irregular dots; discal spot from basal 2/5 and half width of wing from dorsum; plical spot from basal 1/3 and 1/3 width of wing from dorsum; discocellular spot from basal 2/3 and half width of wing: terminal dots blackish brown, obscure from apex along termen to tornus; fringe ochreous brown. Hindwing light gray; fringe ochreous. Foreleg, femur, and tibia dark brown dorsally, ochreous brown ventrally; tarsus dark brown, apex of each tarsomere ochreous brown. Midleg femur dark brown; tibia ochreous brown, speckled with dark brown; tarsus dark brown; apex of each tarsomere ochreous brown. Hindleg, femur, and tibia with ochreous setae except tibial spurs dark brown ventrally; tarsus dark brown dorsally except apex of each tarsomere and ventral side ochreous.

Wing venation ( Fig. 7 ). Forewing wide-lanceolate. Sc reaching 1/2 of costal margin; R 1 from middle of cell and reaching 2/3 of costal margin; R 2 from 4/5 of cell reaching 4/5 of costal margin; R 3 from upper angle of cell reaching 9/10 of costal margin; R 4 and R 5 stalked for 3/5 length and R 5 reaching termen; M 1 and M 2 parallel; M 3 absent; M 2 and CuA 1 from near angle, not connate; CuA 2 from anal angle of cell; CuP straight, indistinct, and reaching 2/3 of anterior margin; 1A+2A slightly curved and reaching 1/2 of anterior margin. Hindwing lanceolate. Sc reaching 4/5 of costal margin; Rs and M 1 separated and less parallel; Rs from anal angle of cell and reaching apex; M 2 arched and nearer to M 3 than M 1; M 3 and CuA 1 connate and from anal angle of cell; CuA 2 from 5/6 of cell reaching 2/3 of anterior margin; CuP reaching 1/2 of anterior margin; 1A+2A sinuate and reaching 1/3 of anterior margin; 3A straight.

Abdomen ( Figs. 8–9 ). Second sternum: in male venula short, 1/3 times as long as apodeme; in female as long as apodeme. Abdominal terga without spiniform setae.

Male genitalia ( Figs. 10–10c ). Uncus weakly sclerotized, triangular with setae, broad at base, apex pointed. Gnathos: weakly sclerotized band; slightly protruding medially, 1/3 length of uncus. Tegumen narrow, divided from posterior 1/5, slender, narrowed ventrally. Valva trapezoidal; costa slightly convex with long setae basally, apical half curved upward, with sparse setae; apex bifurcate lobe; dorsal lobe digitate with spiniform setae, narrowed apically; ventral lobe acute, 1/2 times as long as of dorsal lobe; sacculus medially 2/3 times as long as basally; apical half broad convex ventrally with long setae inwardly and apex pointed. Juxta: sclerotized areas of basal lobe crescenic, very short at base and “fusiform appendages” elongated to costal base of valva; median lobe long belt-like, as long as valva; mesial linear sclerite broad to basal 1/3, narrow to apex; anellus blunt, fused to apex of sclerotized plate of phallus. Vinculum thick and narrow; saccus very short, U-shaped, blunt apex. Phallus thin, curved, 2.5 times as long as valva; basal half membranous, narrow to middle; ductus ejaculatorius with denticulate spines basally; apical half digitate, slightly narrow to apex; sclerotized plate from middle, curved, blunt apex; cornutus thorn-like, 1/4 times as long as phallus, slightly curved, with pointed apex.

Female genitalia telescopic ( Fig. 11–11a ). Papillae anales slender with setae, apex obtuse.Apophyses posteriores 3/2 length of apophyses anteriores.Apophyses anteriores slightly curved inward. Eighth tergum sclerotized, funneled with setae; posterior half narrow to smooth posterior end; anterior half pointed to anterior end. Ostium opened at posterior end of seventh sternum. Sterigma surface wrinkled. Antrum very short, cylindrical. Ductus seminalis arising from posterior end of ductus bursae. Ductus bursae slender, wrinkled, 3 times as long as corpus bursae; anterior section widened towards corpus bursae. Corpus bursae orbicular; signum oval with heavily sclerotized transverse dentate band medially.

DNA barcoding. The sequences of the three paratypes were identical in the barcode region of the COI gene. These data were uploaded to the BOLD system in the public dataset “OE230202”. The sequenced data have been deposited in Genbank with accession numbers “OQ561962”, “OQ561963”, and “OQ561964”; BIN: BOLD: AFB0771 . A BLAST search showed that this new species differed by more than 10% from any other species .

Biology. ( Figs. 12–23 ). Both adults and larvae were collected from lowland dry laurel forests in urban areas ( Figs 12–13 ). In the wild, the larvae were found in Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et W. C. Cheng (Cupressaceae) ( Fig. 12 ) and Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl ( Lauraceae ). Larvae were found in dried and decayed bark covered with bryophytes or fungi in March and October 2020 –2021 ( Fig. 14 ). They lived in tube-like shelters made of silk and feces under the bark ( Fig. 15 ). Under rearing conditions, they fed on fungal fruiting body and algae on the bark of M. glyptostroboides , C. camphora , and Quercus acutissima Carruth (Fagaceae) ( Figs. 16–17 ). Pupation occurred within the semicircular cocoon covered with feces and wood flakes tied by silk ( Figs. 19–20 ). The cocoons were attached to the bark. Adults emerged approximately five months after oviposition ( Fig. 21 ). In the wild, adults were collected between March and June ( Fig. 22 ). Additionally, one male and one female were collected in October; thus, the species is considered bivoltine. Adults were attracted to a light trap using a mercury or a fluorescent lamp. Under rearing conditions, copulation was observed during daytime, and the postures were angled or straight endto-end ( Fig. 23 ).

Distribution. ( Fig. 24 ). Japan: Honshu (Wakayama), Kyushu (Fukuoka, Kagoshima).

Etymology. The specific name is derived from Latin eclipsia (eclipse), which refers to the reduced median lobe of the gnathos.

Figures

FIGURES. 1–6. Adults of Stereodytis eclipsia sp. nov. 1, holotype, ♁; 2, paratype, ♀; 3, front view of head, holotype; 4, front view of head, paratype ♀; 5, lateral view of head, holotype; 6, lateral view of legs, holotype. Scale bars = 5.0 mm.

FIGURE. 7. Wing venation of Stereodytis eclipsia sp. nov., paratype, ♁. Scale bar = 5.0 mm.

FIGURES. 8–11. Abdomen and genitalia of Stereodytis eclipsia sp. nov. 8, sterna and terga 1–2, holotype, ♁; 9, sterna and terga 1–2, paratype, ♀; 10, male genitalia, holotype; 10a, illustration of male genitalia around juxta, holotype; male 10b, phallus, holotype; 10c, lateral view of male genitalia, paratype; 11, female genitalia, paratype; 11a, signum of female genitalia, paratype. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES. 12–23. Biology and habitats of Stereodytis eclipsia sp. nov. 12, larval located plant, Metasequoia glyptostroboides (Cupressaceae) with bryophytes or fungi of Kagoshima Prefecture; 13, habitat of Fukuoka Prefecture; 14, larvae under bark; 15, silk tube on bark; 16, silk tube with fungi and bark; 17, immature larva; 18, mature larva; 19, cocoon covered with feces; 20, pupa; 21, resting emerged adult; 22, wild adult; 23, mating adults.

FIGURE. 24. Distribution map of Stereodytis eclipsia sp. nov. in Japan.