Oncocephalus Klug, 1830

Ghahari, Hassan, Moulet, Pierre, Cai, Wanzhi & Karimi, Javad, 2013, An annotated catalog of the Iranian Reduvioidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha), Zootaxa 3718 (3), pp. 201-238 : 224-230

Genus Oncocephalus Klug, 1830

Oncocephalus acutangulus Reuter, 1882

Oncocephalus acutangulus Reuter, 1882: 7 , 25 (as new species); Oncocephalus brevipennis Reuter, 1882: 27 ; Oncocephalus pugnax Horváth, 1898: 69 ; Oncocephalus vosseleri Reuter, 1900: 247 ; Oncocephalus acutangulus beniyenni Dispons, 1950: 258 ; Oncocephalus acutangulus punctus Dispons, 1950: 258 ; Oncocephalus agadirensis Dispons, 1950: 259 ; Oncocephalus tingitanus Dispons, 1950: 259 ; Oncocephalus atlas Dispons, 1950: 261 ; Oncocephalus acutangulus radialis Dispons, 1965b: 37 ; Oncocephalus acutangulus cubitalis Dispons, 1965b: 38 ; Oncocephalus acutangulus perfectus Dispons, 1965b: 38 ; Oncocephalus acutangulus didymus Dispons, 1965b: 38 .

Distribution in Iran. Guilan (new data—NHMG: Eckerlein’s collection), Khorasan (new data—R. Linnavuori’s collection), Mazandaran (Ghahari et al. 2008a), Iran (without precise locality) (Putshkov & Moulet 2010).

Distribution outside Iran. Ponto-South Mediterranean species: from North Africa and the Balkans to Central Asia and Arabian Peninsula, in Spain only in the south (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996; Putshkov & Moulet 2010; Aukema et al. 2013).

Comments. In rice fields and on Eruca sativa (Brassicaceae) , and Portulaca oleraceae (Portulacaceae) (Ghahari et al. 2008a). In the Maghreb O. acutangulus has been collected in wet biotopes and up to 2000 m high (Putshkov & Moulet 2010). The taxa described by Dispons (1950, 1965) are now considered only as variations in size, color, or in the number and localization of black spots of the corium.

Oncocephalus brachymerus Reuter, 1882

Oncocephalus brachymerus Reuter, 1882: 10 (as new species); Oncocephalus babylo Dispons, 1970: 407 .

Distribution in Iran. Khorasan (new data—R. Linnavuori’s collection), Iran (without precise locality) (Putshkov & Moulet 2010).

Distribution outside Iran. Asian Turkey, Cyprus, Russia (South European Territory), Near East, European USSR, Central Asia, Afghanistan (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996; Aukema et al. 2013).

Oncocephalus curvirostris Moulet, 2004

Oncocephalus curvirostris Moulet, 2004: 285 (as new species).

Distribution in Iran. Hormozgan (Moulet 2004). Distribution outside Iran. Endemic to Iran.

Oncocephalus gedrosiae Dispons, 1964

Oncocephalus gedrosiae Dispons, 1964: 99 (as new species).

Distribution in Iran. Sistan & Baluchestan (Dispons 1964b; Putshkov & Putshkov 1996; Putshkov & Pluot- Sigwalt 2008).

Distribution outside Iran. Saudi Arabia (Putshkov & Moulet 2010).

Onocephalus herzi (Jakovlev, 1893)

Stirogaster herzi Jakovlev, 1893: 323 (as new species).

Distribution in Iran. Northern Iran (without precise locality) (Jakovlev 1893, Putshkov & Putshkov 1996). Distribution outside Iran. Endemic to Iran; also, quoted in Turkmenistan by Putshkov & Putshkov (1996). Comments. According to Maldonado Capriles (1990), O. herzi is a synonym of O. obsoletus ; this opinion was not followed by Putshkov & Putshkov (1996).

Oncocephalus impictipes Jakovlev, 1885

Oncocephalus impictipes Jakovlev, 1885: 127 (as new species); Oncocephalus baltazardi Dispons & Villiers, 1967: 1076 .

Distribution in Iran. Bushehr, Golestan, Ilam (Dispons & Villiers 1967 as baltazardi ), Kermanshah (Dispons & Villiers 1967), Khorasan (Rahimi et al. 2010a), Khuzestan (Seidenstücker 1957), Mazandaran (Sakenin et al. 2008), Sistan & Baluchestan (Seidenstücker 1957, 1958; Hoberlandt 1959; Wagner 1961; Kiritshenko 1966; Dispons & Villiers 1967 as impictipes ), Tehran (Hoberlandt 1959; Dispons & Villiers 1967, Putshkov & Pluot- Sigwalt 2008 as O. baltazardi ), Iran (without precise locality) (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996).

New material examined. (NMPC coll.). Fars: Baghak, 15 km W Ahram, 60 m, 19-20.iv.1977, loc. 301 (3 exx); Kerman: Golbaf, 31.V.1977, loc. 352; Gav Koshi near Esfandaqeh, 60 km W of Sabzevaran, 1650 m, 7- 8.V.1973, loc 190; Kerman: Dowlatabad, 85 km E of Hajiabad, 8-9.V.1973; Sistan & Baluchestan: Kuh-e Khajeh, 490 m, 3-5.VI.1977, loc. 357 (6 exx); Khorasan: 36 km N of Gonabad, 830 m, 7-8.VI.1977, loc 361 (3 exx); Sistan & Baluchestan: 13 km SSE of Nikshahr, valley of the river Nikshahr, 8-9.IV.1973, loc 152; Sekand, 27 km ENE of Sarbaz, 31.III-1.IV.1973, loc 144 (Hoberlandt 1981, 1983).

Distribution outside Iran. Iraq, Azerbaijan, Central Asia, Afghanistan (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996; Aukema et al. 2013).

Comments. This taxon probably is a synonym of O. obsoletus (Klug, 1830) (Linnavuori 1986; Moulet 2002b; Putshkov & Moulet 2010).

Oncocephalus mesopatamicus Dispons, 1970

Oncocephalus mesopotamicus Dispons, 1970: 410 (as new species); Oncocephalus mesopotamicus var. buxtoni Disons, 1970: 412 .

Distribution in Iran. Iran (without precise locality) (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996). Distribution outside Iran. Iraq (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996).

Comments. According to Putshkov & Moulet (2010), this species is very probably a synonym of O. ocularis Horváth, 1898 , a species known in Asian Turkey, Israel, and Syria. Further studies are necessary to prove (or not) the synonymy.

Oncocephalus notatus (Klug, 1830)

Reduvius notatus Klug, 1830: 19 (as new species).

Distribution in Iran. Khuzestan (Seidenstücker 1957), Qom (Wagner 1961), Sistan & Baluchestan (Seidenstücker 1957), Iran (without precise locality) (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996).

Distribution outside Iran. Eremian, North Africa, Near East, Central Asian, Arabian and Ethiopian regions. Spanish and Italian records are doubtful and probably concern O. pilicornis , but the presence of O. notatus in the southern (and warmest) European regions cannot be excluded (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996; Putshkov & Moulet 2010; Aukema et al. 2013).

Oncocephalus obsoletus Klug, 1830

Reduvius (Oncocephalus) obsoletus Klug, 1830 : fol. e; Oncocephalus fasciatus Reuter, 1900: 249 ; Oncocephalus fasciatus var. apterus Dispons, 1950: 262 ; Oncocephalus cincticrus Miller, 1956: 1 ; Oncocephalus fasciatellus Dispons, 1962: 31 .

Distribution in Iran. Golestan, Khorasan (new data—E. Heiss’s collection), Iran (without precise locality) (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996; Putshkov & Moulet 2010).

Distribution outside Iran. Eremian: tropical and North Africa, Greece, Near East, and Arabian Peninsula (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996; Aukema et al. 2013).

Oncocephalus pilicornis Reuter, 1882

Myodocha pilicornis (non Reuter, 1882) Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835: 62 (= O. plumicornis Germar, 1822 ); Oncocephalus squalidus Herrich-Schaeffer, 1849 (non Rossi, 1790); Oncocephalus notatus Fieber, 1861: 152 (non Klug, 1830); Oncocephalus notatus Puton, 1875: 51 (non Klug, 1830); Oncocephalus notatus Mulsant & Rey, 1873: 104 (non Klug, 1830); Oncocephalus pilicornis Reuter, 1882: 7 (stat. revised); Oncocephalus notatus Servadei, 1967: 239 (non Klug, 1830); Oncocephalus plumicornis, Dispons, 1968: 55 ; Oncocephalis vicinalis Dispons, 1968: 59.

Distribution in Iran. East Azarbaijan (Ghahari et al. 2010a), Guilan (NHMG: Eckerlein’s collection; Moulet 2004; Sakenin et al. 2011), Khuzestan (Seindenstücker 1958), Mazandaran (Hoberlandt 1959; Ghahari et al. 2008a, b, 2009b), Sistan & Baluchestan (Seidenstücker 1957; Hoberlandt 1959), Iran (without precise locality) (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996).

New material examined. (NMPC coll.). Khorasan: 15 km N Eshq Abad (river valley, at light), 37° 48.2’N, 56° 55.5’E, 800 m, 25-26.v.2006, J. Hájek & P. Chvojka leg (2 exx); Guilan: 5 km NW Kakrud (stream valley, at light), 36° 51.2’ N, 50° 13.9’ E, 670 m, 2-3.vi.2006, J. Hájek & P. Chvojka leg.

Distribution outside Iran. Euro Asian and African (known in Tropical Africa) (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996; Aukema et al. 2013); according to Linnavuori (1961), a Palearctic species known in Japan and the Nearctic.

Comments. In rice fields and on Chenopodium opulifolium (Amaranthaceae) (Ghahari et al. 2008a). In Western Europe, O. pilicornis lives in wet and hot biotopes; it is not rare in deltas nor on salty soils; it has been collected under Bromus (Poaceae) or among Phragmites (Poaceae) or Urtica (Urticaceae) . The nymphal life is much longer than the adult stage (Putshkov & Moulet 2010).

Oncocephalus plumicornis (Germar, 1822)

Reduvius plumicornis Germar, 1822 : pl. 24 (as new species); Myodocha pilicornis Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835: 62 (non Reuter, 1882); Oncocephalus plumicoria Kiritshenko, 1938: 88 (lapsus).

Distribution in Iran. Fars (new data—R. Linnavuori’s collection), Golestan (Hoberlandt 1954), Guilan (Seidenstücker 1957), Hormozgan, Kerman (Dispons & Villiers 1967), Mazandaran (Ghahari et al. 2008a, b, 2009b), Sistan & Baluchestan (Hoberlandt 1959; Dispons & Villiers 1967), Iran (without precise locality) ( China 1938; Hoberlandt 1961; Putshkov & Putshkov 1996).

Distribution outside Iran. Arabian Peninsula, Central Asia, Balkan Peninsula, Ukraine (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996; Aukema et al. 2013).

Comments. In rice fields, and on Eruca sativa (Brassicaceae) (Ghahari et al. 2008a). O. plumicornis lives both in wet and dry biotopes and has a very diversified supply. Also it was collected (accidental?) in birds' nests (Putshkov & Moulet 2010).

Oncocephalus ribesi Moulet, 2011

Oncocephalus ribesi Moulet, 2011: 306 (as new species).

Distribution in Iran. Hormozgan (Moulet 2011). Distribution outside Iran. Endemic to Iran.

Oncocephalus similimus Reuter, 1888

Oncocephalus simillimus Reuter, 1888: 201 (as new species); Oncocephalus confusus Hsiao, 1977: 76 (non Reuter, 1882); Oncocephalus colusus P.V. Putshkov, 1987: 104 (new name for O. confusus Hsiao, 1977 ); Oncocephalus hsiaoi Maldonado, 1990: 514 (new name for O. confusus Hsiao, 1977 ).

Distribution in Iran. Mazandaran (Sakenin et al. 2008).

Distribution outside Iran. China, Korea, Japan, Russia (Far East) (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996). Comments. Because the distribution of O. similimus is restricted to the Eastern Palearctic Region, the presence of this species in Iran must be studied further; althouth its presence in Iran and Caucassus is strongly possible.

Oncocephalus squalidus (Rossi, 1790)

Reduvius squalidus Rossi, 1790: 258 (as new species); Oncocephalus griseus Spinola, 1837: 102 ; Oncocephalus plumicornis Herrich-Schaeffer, 1847: 8 (non Germar, 1838); Reduvius comatus Kolenati, 1857: 457 (non Germar, 1838); Oncocephalus impictipennis Stål, 1866: 156 ; Oncocephalus nigricollis Dispons, 1950: 261 (non Horváth, 1911); Oncocephalus squalidus nigricollis Dispons, 1950: 261 ; Oncocephalus brachymerus Wagner, 1952: 113 (non Reuter, 1882).

Distribution in Iran. East Azarbaijan (Dispons & Villiers 1967), Guilan (Moulet 2004); Khorasan (Rahimi et al. 2010a, c).

Distribution outside Iran. Mediterranean basin extending to Central Asia, Arabian Peninsula and Eastern Africa (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996; Aukema et al. 2013).

Comments. Generally O. squalidus lives in dry biotopes and is often attracted by light-traps; adults hibernate (Putshkov & Moulet 2010).

Oncocephalus termezanus Kiritshenko, 1914

Oncocephalus termezanus Kiritshenko, 1914: 199 (as new species).

Distribution in Iran. Sistan & Baluchestan (Hoberlandt 1959), Iran (without precise locality) (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996).

Distribution outside Iran. Azerbaijan, Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turmenistan, Uzbekistan (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996).

Oncocephalus thoracicus Fieber, 1861

Oncocephalus thoracicus Fieber, 1861: 152 (as new species); Oncocephalus reuteri Bergroth, 1914: 178 .

Material examined. West Azarbaijan province, Ourmieh, 2♂, unknown date. New record for Iran. Distribution outside Iran. Ponto-Mediterranean (Asian Turkey, Bulgaria, Near East, Saudi Arabia) (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996; Putshkov & Moulet 2010; Aukema et al. 2013).

Oncocephalus vescerae Dispons, 1965

Oncocephalus vescerae Dispons, 1965c: 19 (as new species).

Distribution in Iran. Alborz (new data—P. Putshkov’s collection), Golestan (Dispons & Villiers 1967; Putshkov & Moulet 2010), Guilan (Dispons & Villiers 1967; Putshkov & Moulet 2010), Khuzestan (Dispons & Villiers 1967; Putshkov & Moulet 2010), Mazandaran (Dispons & Villiers 1967), Iran (without precise locality) (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996).

Distribution outside Iran. Eremian from Canary Islands and Crete to Near East, Arabian Peninsula and Central Asia (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996; Aukema et al. 2013).

Comments. Close to O. pilicornis , according to Linnavuori (1974); the records outside of the Mediterranean basin must be studied carefully.

Genus Pygolampis Germar, 1817

Pygolampis bidentata (Goeze, 1778)

Cimex No 6 Geoffroy, 1762: 438 (invalid name); Cimex sp. Schaeffer, 1766: pl. 11 (invalid name); Cimex bidentatus Goeze, 1778: 242 (name for Cimex No 6 Geoffroy); Cimex bifurcatus Goeze, 1778: 277 (name for Cimex sp. Schaeffer); Cimex pallipes Fabricius, 1781: 376 ; Miris rusticus Panzer, 1804: 17 ; Gerris denticollis Fallén, 1807: 115 ; Pygolampis denticulata Germar, 1817: 286 ; Ochetopus spinicollis Hahn, 1833: 177 ; Lygaeus spinulatus Contarini, 1847: 90 ; Pygolampis bidentata var. obscuripes Rey, 1888: 194 ; Pygolampis cognata Horváth, 1899: 367 ; Pygolampis cortesae Dispons, 1955: 196 .

Distribution in Iran. Khuzestan (Seidenstücker 1958), Mazandaran (Heiss 2002; Sakenin et al. 2008), Iran (without precise locality) (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996).

Distribution outside Iran. Palearctic, rare in North Africa (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996; Aukema et al. 2013).

Comments. In Western Europe, P. bidentata lives both in dry and wet biotopes under Ononis, Sarothamnus (Fabaceae), Kochia (Amaranthaceae), Salvia, and Thymus (both Lamiaceae), under dead vegetation or in moss; the whole development takes two years (Putshkov & Moulet 2010).

Pygolampis prolixa Stål, 1859

Pygolampis prolixa Stål, 1859: 379 (as new species).

Distribution in Iran. Khuzestan (Seidenstücker 1958), Mazandaran (Hoberlandt 1954; Dispons & Villiers 1967), Iran (without precise locality) (Hoberlandt 1961; Putshkov & Putshkov 1996).

Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Indonesia (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996).

Genus Stirogaster Jakovlev, 1874

Stirogaster ahriman Rédei, 2005

Stirogaster ahriman Rédei, 2005: 34 (as new species).

Distribution in Iran. Fars (Rédei 2005).

New material examined. (NMPC coll.). Kerman: Dowlatabad, 85 km E of Hajiabad, 8-9.V.1973, loc192 (2 exx); Fars: 30 km E of Kazerun, 1300 m, 8-10.VI.1973, loc 229 (9 exx); Jashak, 60 km SE of Khormuj, 20.IV.1977, loc 304 (9 exx); 12 km NW of Kangan, 70 m, 21-22.IV.1977, loc 305; Hormozgan: Bagh-e Tang, 6 km W of Genu, 410 m, 7-9.V.1977, loc 323 (3 exx) (Hoberlandt 1981, 1983).

Distribution outside Iran. Endemic to Iran.

Comments. A large serie of this species sent by Dr. P. Kment (Praha) shows a rather great variability in the coloration of hemelytra. The original description (Redei 2005) states that the brown color of the external cell extends until the top though in S. uvarovi the top of this cell is colorless; in our specimens the external cell is not colored at the top. The pygophore and paramers of males of this serie are identically with those presented for S. ahriman . Some measurements fully agree with those of S. ahriman , too.

Stirogaster balachowskyi (Dispons & Villiers, 1967)

Davatchicoris balachowskyi Dispons & Villiers, 1967: 1076 (as new species).

Distribution in Iran. Fars (Dispons & Villiers 1967 as D. balachowskyi ; Putshkov & Putshkov 1996; Putshkov & Pluot-Sigwalt 2008 as D. balachowskyi ), Golestan, Ilam, Kerman, Tehran (Dispons & Villiers 1967). Distribution outside Iran. Endemic to Iran.

Stirogaster desertorum Horváth, 1913

Stirogaster desertorum Horváth, 1913: 594 (as new species).

Distribution in Iran. Kerman (Seidenstücker 1958), Khuzestan (Seidenstücker 1957), Sistan & Baluchestan (Seidenstücker 1957; Hoberlandt 1959; Kiritshenko 1966), Iran (without precise locality) (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996).

New material examined. (NMPC coll.). Sistan & Baluchestan: 13 km SSE Nikshash, valley of the river Nikshahr, 8-9.IV.1973, loc 152 (3 exx); 9 km S of Espakeh, 10.IV.1973, loc 155; Bahu Kalat, 68 km S of Rask, 3- 4.IV.1973, loc 147 (Hoberlandt 1981).

Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, North Africa, Saudi Arabia (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996; Aukema et al. 2013).

Stirogaster fausti Jakovlev, 1874

Stirogaster fausti Jakovlev, 1874: 74 (as new species); Stirogaster fausti var. obtusangulus Linnavuori, 1964: 319 .

Distribution in Iran. Golestan, Sistan & Baluchestan (Seidenstücker 1957; Hoberlandt 1959), Hormozgan (Dispons & Villiers 1967), Kerman (Seidenstücker 1957, 1958), Iran (without precise locality) (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996).

New material examined. (NMPC coll.). Khorasan: Shurlaq (river valley, at light), 36°18.8’N, 60° 38.0’E, 570 m, 18-19.V.2006, J. Hájek & P. Chvojka leg; 36 km N of Gonabad, 830 m, 7-8.VI.1977, loc 361 (3 exx); Sistan & Baluchestan: Bahu-Kalat, 68 km S of Rask, 3-4.IV.1973, loc 147 (4 exx); 13 km SSE Nikshahr, valley of the river Nikshahr, 8-9.IV.1973, loc 152; Kerman: Gav Koshi near Esfandaqeh, 60 km W od Sabzevaran, 1650 m, 7- 8.V.1973, loc 190 (2 exx); 43 km S of Sabzevaran, 540 m, 16-17.V.1977, loc 334; Chashmùeh-ye Sargaz, 50 km W of Sabzevaran, 1650 m, 20-21.V.1977, loc 339; Sistan & Baluchestan: Makran: Shahvar, 12 km NW of Minab, 18- 19.V.1973; Hormozgan: Ziarat, 23 km NWN of Bila’I, 57 km S of Minab, 14-15.V.1977, loc 330 (3 exx) (Hoberlandt 1981, 1983).

Distribution outside Iran. Asian Turkey, Near East, Central Asian, Afghanistan (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996); also mentioned from Maghreb by Putshkov & Putshkov (1996) but those records seems erroneous as the species has not been recorded elswhere in North Africa.

Stirogaster kmenti Moulet, 2010

Stirogaster kmenti Moulet, 2010: 7 (as new species).

Distribution in Iran. Fars, Kerman (Moulet 2010). Distribution outside Iran. Endemic to Iran.

Stirogaster laticeps Linnavuori, 1964

Stirogaster laticeps Linnavuori, 1964: 318 (as new species).

Distribution in Iran. Kerman (Linnavuori 1964), Iran (without precise locality) (Putshkov & Putshkov 1996). Distribution outside Iran. Endemic to Iran.