Chrysoarctus flabellatus

Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Bartels, Paul J., Roszkowska, Milena & Nelson, Diane R., 2015, The Zoogeography of Marine Tardigrada, Zootaxa 4037 (1), pp. 1-189 : 68-70

73. Chrysoarctus flabellatus (Grimaldi de Zio, D’Addabbo Gallo, Morone De Lucia, Vaccarella & Grimaldi,

1982b)

Halechiniscus flabellatus sp. n. (Grimaldi de Zio et al. 1982b)

Halechiniscus flabellatus Grimaldi de Zio et al. 1982 (Grimaldi de Zio et al. 1983a, Accogli et al. 2011) Halechiniscus flabellatus, Grimaldi de Zio et alii 1982 (Grimaldi de Zio et al. 1983b) Chrysoarctus flabellatus (= Halechiniscus flabellatus Grimaldi de Zio et al., 1982) (D’Addabbo Gallo et al. 1986)

Chrysoarctus flabellatus (Grimaldi de Zio et al., 1982) (D’Addabbo Gallo et al. 1987, Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo 1987, D’Addabbo Gallo et al. 1999a, Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo 2001, Accogli et al. 2011)

Chrysoarctus flabellatus (D’Addabbo Gallo et al. 1986) (D’Addabbo Gallo et al. 1989, 2001) Chrysoarctus flabellatus ( Sandulli et al. 1999)

Terra typica: Ionian Sea ( Italy, Europe)

Adriatic Sea:

• 42°06 ′ N, 15°29′E; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, southern area of San Domino Island, in the proximity of Punta Zio Cesare, submarine cave Grotta delle Viole, external cave’s entrance, coarse organogenic detritus. D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (2001), Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 42°06′N, 15°29′E; 5–10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, San Domino Island, Punta Zio Cesare, cave Grotta delle Viole, 0–10 cm depth, 80% coarse organogenic sand, 3% silt and clay, (mean diameter = 0.125 mm). Sandulli et al. (1999), Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 40 ° 43.09′N, 17 ° 48.64′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Brindisi Province, Torre Guaceto, coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40 ° 27.17′N, 18 ° 14.58′E [40°43′N, 17°48′E]; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Brindisi Province, Torre Guaceto, coarse sand in Posidonia meadows. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40 ° 34.38′N, 18 ° 0 9.49′E; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Brindisi Province, Mattarelle [Torre Mattarelle], ENEL power station, coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40 ° 31.59′N, 18°05.51′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Brindisi Province, Lendinuso, coarse sand in Posidonia meadows. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40 ° 27.24′N, 18°14.63′E; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Lecce Bacino (San Cataldo), coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40 ° 27.17′N, 18°14.58′E; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Lecce Bacino (San Cataldo), coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40 ° 27.24′N, 18°14.63′E [40°22′N, 18°20′E]; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Ceisne (Marne protected area), coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40 ° 27.17′N, 18°14.58′E [40°22′N, 18°20′E]; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Ceisne (Marne protected area), coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

Ionian Sea:

• 40°29′00′′N, 17°03′25′′E; 15 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Tarento Province, offshore of Chiatona, Secca dell’Armeleia, subtidal, organogenic, Amphioxus debris. Grimaldi de Zio et al. (1983a,b)

• 40 ° 15.40′N, 17°52.57′E; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Porto Cesareo (marine protected area), coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40 ° 15.40′N, 17°52.57′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Porto Cesareo (marine protected area), coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40 ° 15.37′N, 17°52.83′E; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Porto Cesareo (marine protected area), coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40 ° 13.94′N, 17°54.54′E; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, San Isidoro, coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40 ° 13.94′N, 17°54.54′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, San Isidoro, coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40°13′90′′N, 17°54′59′′E [40°13′N, 17°55′E]; 0 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, San Isidoro [Sant’Isidoro]. Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 40 ° 12.94′N, 17°5.07′E [40°13′N, 17°55′E]; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, San Isidoro, coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39 ° 55.55′N, 18°02.81′E; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Torre San Giovanni Mancaversa, sand, coarse organogenous debris. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39 ° 55.55′N, 18°02.81′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Torre San Giovanni Mancaversa, fine sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39°55′55′′N, 18°02′71′′E [39°54′N, 18°06′E]; 0 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, San Giovanni [Torre San Giovanni]. Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 39 ° 55.22′N, 18°02.29′E; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Torre San Giovanni Mancaversa, fine sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39 ° 55.22′N, 18°02.29′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Torre San Giovanni Mancaversa, fine sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39°52′27′′N, 16°43′25′′E; 20 bsl: Type Locality: [FAO37] Italy, Cosenza Province, Amendolara bank, coarse coralligenous debris. D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (1986)

• 39°52′00′′N, 16°42′30′′E; 20–200 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Cosenza Province, High Ionian Sea offshore, Calabrian Coast, Amendolara Shoal, coralligenous sand, coralligenous sand mixed with debris, coarse medium or fine coralligenous sand (few samples). D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (1987), Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (1987), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 39°51′20′′N, 18°23′59′′E; 0 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Gagliano del Capo. Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 39 ° 51.41′N, 18°23.75′E; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Gagliano, coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39 ° 51.26′N, 18°23.55′E; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Gagliano, coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39 ° 51.26′N, 18°23.55′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Gagliano, coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39 ° 51.26′N, 18°23.55′E; 50 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Gagliano, fine sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39°51′20′′N, 18°23′59′′E; 0 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Gagliano del Capo. Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 39 ° 50.46′N, 18°07.38′E; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Torre Mozza (industry for fish processing), sand, coarse organogenous debris. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39 ° 50.46′N, 18°07.38′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Torre Mozza (industry for fish processing), sand, coarse organogenous debris. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39 ° 50.14′N, 18°06.45′E; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Torre Mozza (industry for fish processing), sand, coarse organogenous debris. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39 ° 58.71′N, 18°18.28′E [39°49′N, 18°18′E]; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, San Gregorio, coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39 ° 46.2 ′ N, 18°18.45′E [39°49′N, 18°18′E]; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, San Gregorio, sand, coarse organogenous debris. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39 ° 58.71′N, 18°18.28′E [39°49′N, 18°18′E]; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, San Gregorio, sand, coarse organogenous debris. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39°48′40′′N, 18°40′38′′E [39°49′N, 18°19′E]; 0 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, San Gregorio. Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

Ligurian Sea:

• 43°32 ′ N, 10°12′E; 7 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Livorno Province, 300 m NW of Meloria Shoals Lighthouse, sediment samples. D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (1999a)

Mediterranean Sea:

• 35°54′N, 14°32′E; 30 m bsl: [FAO37] Republic of Malta, SE coast of Malta, Sicily Channel, 1.75 km SE of the entrance of Grand Harbour and 1.4 km NW of the coastal settlement Xghajra, coarse organogenic detritus. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001)

Tyrrhenian Sea:

• 40°35′10′′N, 14°19′38′′E; 12 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Province of Naples, Sorrento Peninsula, Massa Lubrense, Cala di Mitigliano, cave (Grotta di Mitigliano), subtidal, organic detritus and 33% gravel. Grimaldi de Zio et al. (1982b, 1983b), D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (1986)

• 40°20′30′′N, 09°40′15′′E; 21–40 and 61–80 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Sardinia Island, Nuoro Province, Orosei Gulf, pure sand, coastal organogenic debris, coralligenous debris mud or Posidonia seagrass meadows. D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (1989), Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001)

• 38°36′N, 14°55′E; 40 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Aeolian Islands, Secca del Capo, coralligenous bank, subtidal zone, coarse coralligenous detritus. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001)

• 38°29′N, 14°57′E [38°29′N, 14°58′E]; 1.5–5 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Aeolian Islands, Lipari Island, Canneto, subtidal zone, siliceous sand. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 38°27′N, 14°55′E [38°27′N, 14°56′E]; 1.5–5 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Aeolian Islands, Lipari Island, Valle Muria, subtidal zone, siliceous sand. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

Record numbers (Sea/Ocean classification): Adriatic Sea: 10, Ionian Sea: 27, Ligurian Sea: 1, Mediterranean Sea: 1, Tyrrhenian Sea: 5; total: 44.

Record numbers (FAO classification): FAO37: 44; total: 44.

Remarks: This is an uncommon Mediterranean species reported only from the subtidal zone down to ca. 40 m bsl, inhabiting different types of sand and detritus and also found in marine caves.