Zethus (Ctenochilus) de Saussure, 1856

Lopes, Rogerio Botion, Carpenter, James M. & Noll, Fernando Barabosa, 2021, Cladistic analysis of Zethus Fabricius, 1804 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae): a new subgeneric classification, Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82, pp. 253-283 : 253

Zethus (Ctenochilus) de Saussure, 1856 stat. nov.

Fig. 4

Ctenochilus de Saussure, 1856: 323 (name for division III of Pterocheilus in de Saussure 1852); 1875: 372 (genus). Bequaert and Ruiz 1942: 220. Giordani Soika 1962 (treatment of three species).

Epipona pilipalpa Type species: Epipona pilipalpa Spinola, 1851.

Description.

Male antennae hooked. Interantennal carinas present. Clypeus of female short or long, with or without apical teeth, always without microstriae. Male mandible 4-toothed. Galea reaching fore coxae. Labial palpi with psamophore aspect, 3-segmented (Fig. 4B ) and palpomere I straight. Only small branch of occipital carina ventrally. Vertex flat. Gena evenly convex. Pronotal carina lamellar with lateral portion strongly sinuous. Pre-tegular carina present, incomplete. Welts present (Fig. 4C ) or absent. Notaulices present, complete or incomplete. Tegula evenly convex with outer margin raised only on posterior half. Epicnemial carina usually complete. Posterior carina of mesepimeron absent. Two midtibial spurs. Metanotum anteriorly margined, with lateral carina restricted to anterior half and posterior face flat (Fig. 4D ). Posterior tibia of females with spines in one line. Marginal cell with obtuse apex. Propodeum with dorsal aperture, lateral carina on dorsal half and sublateral carina present. Dorsal margin of dorsal aperture present. Apical lamella of propodeum present. T2 with short stem. T3 lamella simple, no indents. S3 lamella reduced, no medial lobe. S5 and 6 of males without carinas.

Observations.

Due to the lowered status of Ctenochilus to subgenus, the species belonging to this group require new combinations. These are given in Suppl. material 3.

Distribution.

Neotropical (Argentina and Chile).

Included species.

5

Figures

Figure 4. Synapomorphic characters of Zethus (Ctenochilus) indicated in Z. pilipalpus A habitus B labial palpi C mesoscutum, dorsal view; arrow indicates welt D metanotum, oblique view; arrow indicates flat surface. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.