Simulium (Chirostilbia) spinibranchium Lutz

Hernández, Luis Miguel, Shelley, Anthony John, Dias, Antonio Paulino Andrade De Luna & Maia-Herzog, Marilza, 2008, Carcinoma Folicular de Tiroides concomitante con Hiperparatiroidismo Primario. Caso Clínico, Zootaxa 1834, pp. 1-100 : 44-46

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.34631/sporl.419
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A2708A02-FF85-FFC9-FF78-5674FEC5FBD3
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Simulium (Chirostilbia) spinibranchium Lutz
status

Treatment

Simulium (Chirostilbia) spinibranchium Lutz View in CoL

( Fig. 14 View PLATE 1 , 29 View PLATE 2 , 65, 66 View PLATE 5 , 100–102 View PLATE 7 , 119 View PLATE 9 , 135 View PLATE 10 , 150 View PLATE 11 , 172, 173 View PLATE 13 , 191 View PLATE 14 , 204 View PLATE 15 , 217 View PLATE 16 , 230 View PLATE 18 , 243 View PLATE 20 , 257 View PLATE 22 )

A species of limited distribution in mainly highland areas of Brazil and southern Venezuela.

Simulium spinibranchium Lutz, 1910: 248 View in CoL . LECTOTYPE pharate ♂ & pupal exuviae, BRAZIL: São Paulo State, Anhemby [now Anhembí]; [Without date.], (A. Lutz) (IOC, no. “12.337, Bd. 188”, and “181”). [Examined.] [Lectotype designation by Py-Daniel & Shelley 1980: 218.]

Thyrsopelma striginotum Enderlein, 1934: 284 View in CoL . HOLOTYPE ♀, BOLIVIA: Mapiri, Sarampioni, 700 m; 14.ii.1903 [Without collector’s name.] (SMT) [Examined] [Synonymy by Hernández et al., 2007: 6.]

Simulium laneportoi Vargas, 1941: 118 View in CoL . HOLOTYPE ♀, BRAZIL: Mato Grosso State, Ponte Alta, viii.1934, (S.F.A.) (INPA). [New name for S. pilosum Lane & Porto, 1940: 90 View in CoL (nec Knowlton & Rowe, 1934: 580) by Vargas, 1941: 118.] [Examined.] [Information on the type locality given Py-Daniel, 1987: 340.] [Synonymised with S. dekeyseri View in CoL by Py-Daniel, 1987: 331, but S. dekeyseri View in CoL resurrected from synonymy by Hernández et al., 2007: 6.]

Female. General body colour black. Dimensions from pinned material are: body length (specimens pinned) 1.9–2.8mm (mean= 2.3mm, s.d.=0.29, n=7), wing length 2.4–3.1 mm (mean= 2.7 mm, s.d.= 0.21, n=9), wing width 1.1–1.4mm (mean= 1.2mm, s.d.=0.14, n=10). Dimensions for this species recorded by Py-Daniel and Shelley (1980) are: body length of dried specimens 2.3–2.5mm, wing length 2.9–3.0 mm.

Head— dichoptic with dark red eyes, nudiocular area present ( Fig. 14 View PLATE 1 ). Frons, clypeus and occiput black with silvery grey pruinosity; clypeus and frons with semi-erect dark hairs. Mouthparts brown. Antennae with scape and pedicel yellowish brown, remainder of flagellar segments black. Cibarium unarmed, with well developed lateral cornuae ( Fig. 29 View PLATE 2 ).

Thorax— scutum black covered with recumbent, whitish hairs. Scutal pattern varying slightly with illumination. Scutum black with grey pruinosity and a median and 1+1 posteriorly diverging submedian black vittae with anterior light source ( Fig. 65 View PLATE 5 ); humeri weakly silver pruinose; lateral and posterior margins black. With posterior light source grey pruinose and black areas reverse ( Fig. 66 View PLATE 5 ). Scutellum dark brown with long, adpressed yellow hairs, denser anteriorly, intermixed with long erect setae on posterior margin. Postnotum black, glabrous and pruinose. Pleura and sterna dark brown with grey pruinosity. Costa of wing with sparse distribution of spines and setae. Subcosta bare or with up to eight setae, especially in central region. Radius with single row of setae intermixed with spines, basal section of Radius with setae. Basal tuft of long dark setae. Leg coloration and proportions as in Fig. 100–102 View PLATE 7 . Fore leg with coxa, trochanter, femur and tibia pale yellow; apical articulation of tibia brown; tarsal segments dark brown. Mid leg pale yellow with coxa and tarsal segments I–IV dark brown apically. Hind leg pale yellow with apical fourth of tibia and basitarsus, apical half of second tarsal segments and remainder of tarsus dark brown. All femora with scales. Claw weakly curved with small basal tooth. Halter lemon yellow with light brown base.

Abdomen— tergites shiny dark brown, tergite II with small, central area silver pruinose. Tergal plates developed; sternal plates poorly developed. Sternites dirty white; genitalia dark brown to black. Eighth sternite sclerotised with sparse setae on posterior margin; gonapophyses broadly triangular, glabrous except for basal setae and sclerotised on inner margins and apex of posterior margins ( Fig. 119 View PLATE 9 ). Cerci hemispherical, covered with distinct long brown setae; paraproct subtriangular, ventral extension suboval and three times length of cercus, with slight protuberance posteriorly near junction with cercus and highly setose over entire surface ( Fig. 135 View PLATE 10 ). Genital fork robust and sclerotised, with triangular, anteriorly directed processes ( Fig. 150 View PLATE 11 ). Spermatheca sclerotised with rows of inner spicules; area of insertion of spermathecal duct membranous.

Male. General body colour black. Body length (pinned specimens) 1.9–2.0 (mean= 2.4mm, s.d.=0.28, n=5), wing length 2.1–2.8mm (mean= 2.5mm, s.d.=0.24, n=6), wing width 1.0– 1.3mm (mean= 1.1mm, s.d.=0.15, n=4).

Head— holoptic with dark red eyes. Remainder of head coloration as in female.

Thorax— scutum brownish black covered with recumbent, golden hairs. With anterior light source scutum brownish grey with anterior third silver pruinose with 1+1 posterolateral areas within this band with accentuated pruinosity ( Fig. 172 View PLATE 13 ); lateral margins silver pruinose and posterior margin dark brown. With posterior light source scutal pattern as in that with anterior light source, except darker, brownish black and accentuated pruinose areas absent ( Fig. 173 View PLATE 13 ). Scutellum brown with recumbent, golden hairs and long, erect, dark brown setae. Postnotum dark brown to black with silvery grey pruinosity. Wing setation as in female, except Subcostal vein without setae. Leg coloration as in female.

Abdomen— tergites black with the following silver ornamentation: tergites II and V silver except for median sections, tergites VI and VII with 1+1 large lateral silver marks. Tergal plates developed; sternal plates weakly developed; genitalia black. Gonocoxite rectangular; gonostyle just over half length of gonocoxite, trapezoidal with no distal spine ( Fig. 191 View PLATE 14 ). Ventral plate crescent shaped, pointed apically, lightly sclerotised except for basal margin; covered by setae, especially on central region, basal arms reduced, stout and highly sclerotised ( Fig. 204 View PLATE 15 ). Median sclerite pear-shaped with distal incision ( Fig. 217 View PLATE 16 ). Paramere with well developed spines distally ( Fig. 230 View PLATE 18 ).

Pupa. Cocoon length dorsally 1.9–2.2mm (mean=2.0mm, s.d.=0.17, n=3), ventrally 1.9–2.9mm (mean= 2.3mm, s.d.=0.49, n=3), pupa length 2.1–3.3mm (mean= 2.6mm, s.d.=0.31, n=18), gill length 1.8– 2.3mm (mean= 2.1mm, s.d.=0.22, n=5).

Cocoon— light brown, slipper shaped as in Fig. 243 View PLATE 20 , gelatinous with slightly reinforced rim to anterior aperture and no central protuberance.

Gill— dark brown with eight forwardly directed arranged in four primary branches, three in plane external to fourth in form of two cupped hands in vertical plane. wide at base and tapering distally, collectively in form of stag’s antlers ( Fig. 257 View PLATE 22 ). All are rounded distally, not covered with spinules, edges weakly crenate apically.

Head— frontoclypeus with 2+2 frontal and 1+1 long multibranched facial trichomes; frontoclypeus with distinct group of platelets mesally, 1+1 dorso-laterally and 7–8 in groups of 2, 3 laterally and centrally in frontal region; tubercles rounded, densely distributed over entire surface.

Thorax— thorax with nearly 5+5 dorsal, multibranched trichomes near dorsal cleft, 1+1 multibranched trichomes centrally, and 2+2 multibranched trichomes near ventral margin; tubercles rounded and densely distributed over entire surface.

Abdomen— tergite I with 3+3 submedian spiniform setae in row, and 2+2 long bifid to quadrifid trichomes; tergite II with 4+4 spiniform setae in row, 1+1 or 2+1 spiniform setae anterior to outermost setae, and 1+1 spiniform setae on anterior margin; tergites III and IV with 4+4 simple hooks in row, and 1+1 simple setae anterior to outer hooks, and 2+2 small simple trichomes on lateral margin; tergites V–VIII with no obvious trichomes or setae; tergite IX weakly sclerotised with 1+1 small, terminal spines. Spine combs on anterior margins of tergites III–V, sometimes well developed and resembling spines on tergites VII–VIII. Abdominal sternite III with 2+2 median small spiniform setae; sternite IV with 3+3 submedian single trichomes and 2+2 or 3+3 long simple trichomes on lateral margin; sternite V with 2+2 close bifid (sometimes innermost hook trifid) median hooks, 2+2 small simple trichomes anterior to outermost hooks, and 1+1 small simple trichomes on lateral margin; sternites VI, VII with 2+2 well separated hooks, outermost simple and innermost bifid, 1+1 simple trichomes between hooks, 1+1 simple small trichomes anterior to outermost hooks, and 1+1 sublateral small simple trichomes; sternite VIII without hooks; sternite IX weakly sclerotised. Spine combs on anterior margins of sternites III–IX.

Larva. A descriptions of the larva is given by Py-Daniel & Shelley (1980), Coscarón (1991) and Coscarón-Arias (2007).