Thalerosphyrus sinuosus ( Navas , 1933)

Sartori, Michel, 2014, The species of Thalerosphyrus Eaton, 1881 (Insecta, Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae, Ecdyonurinae) in Java and Sumatra, with some comments on the diversity of the genus in the Oriental Realm, ZooKeys 420, pp. 19-39 : 27-29

Taxon classification Animalia Ephemeroptera Heptageniidae

Thalerosphyrus sinuosus ( Navas, 1933)

Thalerosphyrus determinatus Ulmer, 1939, (nymph, pro parte)

Material examined.

4 nymphs, two partially mounted on two microscopic slides, Sumatra, Singkarak, stream at Subanpass (F20), 1000 m, 4.III.1929, Prof. Thienemann leg [ZMH]; 1 nymph, Sumatra, Tjurup, Kali Dzernih, forested stream (M9), 7.V.1929, Prof. Thienemann leg [ZMH]; 1 nymph, Sumatra, Ranau, stream in primary forest (R25c), 29.I.1929, Prof. Thienemann leg [ZMH]; 2 nymphs, one partially mounted on a microscopic slide, Java, Gurung Ungaran, XII. 1909, Jacobson leg [ZMH]; 1 nymph, Java, Kali Tjiwalen near Tjibodas, 1350 m, in mosses and dead leaves (FY7f), 10.VII.1929, Prof. Feuerborn leg [ZMH]; 1 nymph, West Java, stream in Tjibodas, under the "mountain garden" (FY14c), 15.VII.1929, Prof. Feuerborn leg [ZMH]. [All specimens sub. nom Thalerosphyrus determinatus det. Ulmer].

10 nymphs, Java Tengah, Wonosobo-Kertek village road, creek, 800 m, 7°21.68'S, 109°55.67'E, 10.X.2011 (JVA011), M. Balke leg. [LIPI, MZL]; 2 nymphs, Sumatra Barat, Sijunjung / Muara area, forest, 488 m, 00°40.10'S, 101°07.26'E, 10.XI.2011 (UN7), M. Balke leg [MZL]; 7 nymphs, one entirely mounted on a microscopic slide, Sumatra Barat, Universitas Andalas campus, forest stream, 360 m, 00°54.67'S, 100°28.38'E, 8.XI.2011 (UN1), M. Balke leg [MZL]; 2 nymphs, Sumatra Barat, Lubukbargalung, Lubuk Paraku River, 50 km south Solok, 420 m, 100°32.50'E, 0°56.75'S, 25.V.2010 (SU5), J.-M. Elouard leg [MZL].

Eggs extracted from a female imago: Java, Buitenzorg, 13.II.1932, Dr Lieftinck leg [ZMH], and from a female subimago: Western Sumatra, Danau di Atas, stream near the road, 1000-1100 m (FF20e), 16.III.1929, Prof. Feuerborn leg [ZMH] and identified by Ulmer as Thalerosphyrus sinuosus .

Sequence data.

One specimen from Sumatra (SU5) and one from Java (JVA011) have been used for the study by Vuataz et al. (2013) under the name " Thalerosphyrus " in figures and " Thalerosphyrus sp." in table S1, with voucher numbers “340SuTh” and “346JaTh” respectively, with one or two mitochondrial (CO1, 16S) and two to four nuclear genes (28S, H3, wg, EF-1α) sequenced. Access numbers in GenBank are:

Description of the nymph.

Body size: up to at least 10.5 mm (not full grown nymph).

Coloration pattern: see Figs 4-5.

Head. Labrum slightly expended laterally, ca 3.5 times larger than long, with rounded apexes (Fig. 16); dorsal surface and anterior margin covered with long and thin setae; ventral surface with a median arch of ca 10 strong and pointed setae. Crown of the galea-lacinia of the maxillae composed of ca 25 comb-shape setae, the median ones bearing 12-15 teeth (Fig. 26). Right mandible with 7-8 fimbriate setae below the inner incisor and ca. 5-6 long simple and thin setae below the mola; left mandible with 10-11 simple and fimbriate setae below the inner incisor and ca. 8-9 long simple and thin setae below the mola. Hypopharynx with robust lingua bearing a tuft of small setae, superlinguae densely covered with long and thin setae replaced before the apex by very small setae up to the lower part of the superlinguae. Labium with glossae rhomboid, slightly concave on their inner margin near apex (Fig. 21), dorsal surface with three stout setae and numerous thin and simple setae.

Thorax. Pronotum slightly expended laterally and posteriorly (Fig. 4). Femora with submarginal rows of pointed bristles on the inner and outer margins, increasing in numbers from the fore to the hind leg. Bristles on the upper face of hind femora arrow-shaped, clearly pointed (Fig. 31). Hind tibia with a row of 6-7 arrow-shaped bristles in submarginal position (Fig. 32). Tarsal claw with 2-3 teeth.

Abdomen. Posterolateral expansions not developed on segment I, weakly developed on segment II, strongly developed on segment III and increasing in size up to VII where they may be as long as segment VIII, shorter on segment VIII and smaller proportionally to those of segments III (Fig. 6). Gill I with elongated and rounded plate, less than two times longer than wide (Fig. 42); gill III–VI strongly asymmetrical, wider than long (Figs 43-44), gill VII oval and asymmetrical with inner concave margin near apex (Fig. 45). Posterior margin of tergites with irregular pointed teeth, and numerous microdenticles (Fig. 36). Cerci whitish in proximal part, with dark brown segment every two or three, distal part more uniformly medium brown.

Description of the eggs.

Size: ca 130-140 µm × 85-90 µm; chorion regularly covered by small KCT'S, (1.5-2.0 µm), a little bit larger at poles (Fig. 12), and by mesogranules (1.0 µm); margin of micropyle smooth and entire (Fig. 13).

Discussion.

The nymph mentioned here includes what Ulmer (1939) described as the nymph of Thalerosphyrus determinatus ; the material is composed of three slides made by Ulmer himself and most of the drawings ( Ulmer 1939, figs 403-418) were based on them. It appears that Ulmer confused the two species, and this is also because he made no slide preparation of the true Thalerosphyrus determinatus . Thalerosphyrus sinuosus as defined here is closely related to Thalerosphyrus determinatus , but can be easily separated by the shape of the posterolateral expansions of the abdomen, the shape of the gills, the shape of the glossae, and by the presence of arrow-shaped bristles on the hind tibiae.

The eggs of Thalerosphyrus sinuosus differ from those of Thalerosphyrus determinatus by the margin of the micropyle and by the presence of mesogranules on the chorion.

Thalerosphyrus sinuosus is present on Java and Sumatra. We cannot confirm the occurrence of the species outside these two islands, although based on egg morphology, and some partial details of the nymph ( Boonsoong and Braasch 2013), the species could be present in Thailand, but supplementary description of the nymph is needed.