Lophodoris daniehsseni ( Friele & Hansen, 1876 )

Paz-Sedano, Sofía, Candás, María, Gosliner, Terrence M. & Pola, Marta, 2021, Undressing Lophodoris danielsseni (Friele & Hansen, 1878) (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae), Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 21 (1), pp. 107-117 : 109-111

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s13127-020-00470-z
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9D0787B6-FF8C-FF94-FCC7-F16EFCB3E253
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Lophodoris daniehsseni ( Friele & Hansen, 1876 )
status

Treatment

Lophodoris daniehsseni ( Friele & Hansen, 1876) Goniodoris daniehsseni Friele & Hansen, 1876 (p. 72–73) Lophorodoris daniehsseni ( Friele & Hansen, 1876) Sars (p. 364, Tab XIV fig 7)

Material Sogn og Fjordane, Gulen , Dalsøyra ( Norway) (5.1295278, 60.9576667), 20 m depth, 2 specimens, 6 and 7 mm length preserved, collected by Cessa Rauch, 02/06/ 2019 ( ZMBM 130690 ) (μCT; COI) GoogleMaps ; Sogn og Fjordane, Gulen , Dalsøyra ( Norway) (5.1295278, 60.9576667), 30 m depth, 10 mm length preserved (dissected), collected by H. Jensen, 06/07/2019 ( ZMBM 130699 ) (SEM: radula, labial cuticle and penis; COI) GoogleMaps .

Distribution Norway ( Friele and Hansen 1876; Odhner 1922; Just and Edmunds 1985; Evertsen and Bakken 2005; present study), Faroe Islands ( Lemche 1929; Jensen 2005), and southernmost Greenland ( Just and Edmunds 1985).

External morphology ( Fig. 1 View Fig ) Living animals up to 15 mm length. Body elongate, ending in a pointed posterior end of foot. Mantle edge well developed, covering the head and the sides of the body ( Fig. 1a View Fig ). It does not cover the posterior part of the body, behind the gills, creating a V-shaped gap in the mantle skirt. The mantle is very characteristic with the presence of long and strong spicules, which arise from the body and stick out of the mantle edge, forming a mantle crest ( Fig. 1a View Fig ). In the mid-dorsal part of the body, there is a crest formed by spicules, with a pattern similar to that of the mantle ( Fig. 1b View Fig ). Rhinophores non-retractile, long and slender, bearing 15– 20 lamellae each. Lamellae concentrated and located at the posterior part of the rhinophore. Rhinophoral sheath absent. Gill composed of six branches, forming a semicircle around the anus; two gill branches in the mid-dorsal part of the body and two on each side of the middle ones. Size and shape of gill branches similar. Each pair of gill branches shares the basal stalk. Some gill branches and the posterior end of the mantle edge have small oval swellings on their tips ( Fig. 1 View Fig ). These swellings are always present on the posterior part of the mantle, but their presence seems to be variable on the tips of the different gill branches. Oral tentacles elongate, one on each side of the mouth. Reproductive opening on right lateral side of the body, located in the first third of the body.

Color pattern ( Fig. 1 View Fig ) Body translucent white, reflective due to the visibility of the spicules. The internal anatomy is visible by transparency, giving a pinkish coloration to the body. Inner part of gill branches and last elongation of the mantle with swellings on their tips, from pale-cream yellow to bright yellow. Tips of rhinophores and oral tentacles with slight yellowish tone. Some specimens may have pale yellow or whitish pigmentation at the tips of the spicules which are borne along the serrated mantle.

Spicule pattern ( Fig. 1a View Fig , 2a–d View Fig ) The entire body of the species is supported by a dense network of spicules, which includes the mantle, foot, gill branches, oral tentacles and rhinophores.

The shape of the spicules is shared in all the structures, being elongate, wider at their middle part and sharp at the apices. Spicules may have a different number of bulbs without an apparent pattern. Along the dorsal part of the body there are sparse spicules arranged transversally, from the mantle edge to the mid-dorsal line of the notum ( Fig. 2a, b View Fig ). Along the mid-dorsal part of the notum, from the anteriormost part of the body to the gill branches, there is a dorsal crest supported by regularly spaced bundles of erected spicules ( Fig. 2a, b, d View Fig ). Each group consists of a disorganized set of spicules at the base, consisting of several spicules from the mantle, which join at the dorsal part as a pyramid-shape. They support groups of spicules which ascend linearly ( Fig. 2a, d View Fig ). This pattern of spicules is shared at the gill branches and lateral edges of the notum. These last spicules form a lateral crest. Thicker and longer spicules are present at the posterior part of the lateral crest and gill branches ( Fig. 2a, b View Fig ). On the foot, the spicules form an interspersed meshwork. The spicules of the foot are thinner and smaller than in the mantle, in a denser pattern from the sides to the center of the foot, slightly oriented frontwards ( Fig. 2a–c View Fig ). The middle line of the foot has a dorsal crest as well, which in this case is formed by one or two spicules ascending continuously along the foot ( Fig. 2a View Fig ). Rhinophores with a dense amount of curved and small spicules, forming a tube which supports the entire structure ( Fig. 2b View Fig ).

Foregut anatomy Buccal bulb thick and muscular ( Fig. 3a View Fig ). Dorsal buccal pump large, expanding backwards ( Fig. 3b View Fig ). Radular sac ventral and expanding backwards ( Fig. 3b View Fig ). esophagus thin, emerging from the buccal bulb behind the buccal pump. The esophagus connects with the stomach inside the ovotestis ( Fig. 3b View Fig ). Big oval salivary glands located at the junction of the esophagus with the buccal pump ( Fig. 3a, b View Fig ). The nervous system surrounds this junction, partially covering the salivary glands. A smooth labial cuticle surrounds the lips and expands inside the buccal pump. Radular formula 28 × 1.1.0.1.1 ( Fig. 4a View Fig ). Inner lateral tooth with a single large cusp and wide base ( Fig. 4b, c View Fig ). Cusp large and pointed, a masticatory margin bears 26–32 thin and small denticles ( Fig. 4b, c View Fig ). Base well developed, ending in a prominent wing with a pointed edge ( Fig. 4b, c View Fig ). Outer lateral tooth much smaller, with two pointed cusps; upper one thinner and sharper than lower one. Base of the outer lateral tooth quadrangular ( Fig. 4c View Fig ).

Reproductive system ( Figs. 3c–e View Fig , and 4d View Fig ) Reproductive system located mostly at the second third of the body. A thin, large hermaphroditic duct begins in the ovotestis. The spicules of the dorsal crest. f, foot; fc, foot crest; gb, gill branches; lc, lateral crest; nc, notal crest; ri, rhinophore. Scale bars a–d 250 μm

hermaphroditic duct expands in a thick and elongate ampulla. From the anterior part of the ampulla, a thin postampullatory duct arises and divides into the prostatic portion of the vas deferens and the uterine duct. The glandular prostate is large, thick, curved and elongate, and continues with a thin and long muscular vas deferens. Vas deferens continues and widens, inserting in the most distal part in a penial sac, where the penis is located. The penis has penial spines ( Fig. 4d View Fig ). Spines locat- ed at the most distal part of the penis with a wide quadrangular base and short pointed cup. Spines becomes thinner, longer and more elongate towards the inner part of the penis ( Fig. 4d View Fig ). Vagina similar in shape to vas deferens. The vagina is long and connects with a large, rounded bursa copulatrix. Near the bursa copulatrix, in the last third of the vagina, arises a thin and short duct which connects with an elongate receptaculum seminis. The bursa copulatrix is approximately double or triple the size of the receptaculum seminis. Near the duct which connects the receptaculum seminis with the vagina arises a thin, long uterine duct. From the uterine duct, near its junction with the prostatic duct, arises a third thin, small duct which connects with the female gland mass (female gland duct).