Diphya bicolor Vellard, 1926

Ott, Ricardo, Rodrigues, Everton Nei Lopes & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2023, On the genus Diphya: notes on the Brazilian D. bicolor and a new species from Ecuador (Araneae: Tetragnathidae), Iheringia, Série Zoologia (e 2023004) 113, pp. 1-13 : 2-9

Diphya bicolor Vellard, 1926

( Figs 1-38 ; 58 )

Diphya bicolor VELLARD, 1926:328 , fig. 1 (Holotype ♂ from Petrópolis , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, IV/1924; should be in the Instituto Vital Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, not found, lost).

Oarces ornatus MELLO- LEITÃO, 1935:325, figs 3, 4 (Holotype male from Serra de Paranapiacaba , SÃo Paulo, Brazil, O.Leonardos coll., deposited in MNRJ 41895, examined, destroyed in the 2018 by fire), Syn. nov.

Cardimia eximia MELLO- LEITÃO, 1940 :61, fig. 7a, b (Holotype female from Rio Negro , Paraná, Brazil, F. Rohr coll., deposited in MNRJ 58292, examined, destroyed in the 2018 by fire), Syn. nov.

Azilia eximia : LEVI, 2002:562 (transf., misidentification).

Other material examined. BRAZIL, Bahia: Abaíra, Mata da Forquilha, Serra do Barbado , Distrito de Catolés (13°17’27”S 41°54’6”W), ♀ ( UFMG 14948 ) ; ♂ ( UFMG 14960 ) ; 2♀ ( UFMG 14987 ) ; 3♀ ( UFMG 14988 ) ; ♀ ( UFMG 14995 ), all collected in 31/X/2013 by L. S. Carvalho & M. B. da Silva ; Minas Gerais: Alto Caparaó, Parque Nacional do Caparaó (20°26’05”S 41°47’2”W), 01-07/V/2002, Equipe Biota leg., ♀ ( IBSP 170029 ) ; Ouro Preto, EstaçÃo Ecológica Tripuí (20°23’45”S 43°34’33”W), no date, Equipe Biota leg. ( IBSP 236828 ) ; Belo Horizonte (19°55’08”S 43°56’19”W, 845 m), VI-VIII/1993, A. J. Santos et al. leg., ♂ ( UFMG 147 ) ; Parque das Mangabeiras (19°57’03”S 43°54’18”W), 10/X/1994, A. J. Santos leg., ♂, 5 immatures ( IBSP 20101 ; SEM) ; 17/X/1994, G. F. Dutra leg., 2♂, ♀, 4 immatures ( IBSP 20102 ) ; 11-13/VIII/1993, A. H. D. Pereira & G. F. Dutra leg., 2♀ ( IBSP 26942 ) ; Nova Lima ( RPPN Mata Samuel de Paula , 20°0’S 43°52’W, 967 m), 4/VII/2007, J. P. P. Pena-Barbosa et al. leg., ♂ ( UFMG 2635 ) ; São Paulo: Jundiaí ( Reserva Biológica Municipal da Serra do Japi , 23°13’53.60”S 46°52’47.01”W), 05/V/1997, A. J. Santos leg., ♂, ♀ ( IBSP 36347 ) ; 15-17/XII/2014, Exc.Alunos USP leg., 2♀ ( IBSP 231086 ) ; VI/2018, G. A. Villanueva-Bonilla leg. ( IBSP 251816 ) ; 27-28/IV/1996, A. D. Brescovit leg., ♀, 2 immatures ( IBSP 7028 ) ; Serra do Japi (23°13’S 46°56’W), 15-19/VII/2002. Eq. Curso USP leg. ( IBSP 236835 ) ; ♀ ( IBSP 236836 ) ; ♀ ( IBSP 236837 ) ; ♀ ( IBSP 236838 ) ; ♀ ( IBSP 236839 ) ; 21/III/2008, J. Sobjack leg., ♂ ( UFMG 7390 ) ; Campos do Jordão (22°44’02”S 45°34’42”W), IX/2004 - VIII/2005, D. Baretta leg. ( IBSP 71824 ) ; SÃo José do Barreiro ( Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina , 22°43’S 44°36’W), 28/IV-3/V/2002, Eq. Biota leg., ♀ ( IBSP 242816 ) ; Cabreúva (23°18’27”S 47°07’58”W), 27/X/2001, D. F. Candiani & P. E. D. Francesconi leg., ♀ ( IBSP 31983 ); Mogi das Cruzes ( Parque Natural Municipal da Serra de Itapety , 23°29’S 46°12’W), 13-9/X/2003 ; Equipe Biota leg., ♀ ( IBSP 236740 ); Cotia ( Caucaia do Alto , 23°41’17”S 47°1’16”W), 18-26/VI/2002 , Equipe Biota leg., 6♀ ( IBSP 236776 , 236778 , 236779 , 236780 , 236783 , 236785 ); Reserva Florestal Morro Grande (23°38’58.12”S 46°57’45.99”W), no data, A. A. Nogueira et al. leg., ♀ ( IBSP 131390 ); 19/ III/2003, A. A. Nogueira et al. leg., ♀ ( IBSP 131384 ); 10/ XII/2002 , ♀ ( IBSP 131385 ); ♀ ( IBSP 131386 ); 10/XII/2002 , ♀ ( IBSP 131387 ), all collected by A. A. Nogueira et al.; Fragmento Florestal Lacerda (23°38’58”S 46°57’45”W), 11/XII/2002, A. A. Nogueira et al. leg., 2♀ ( IBSP 131388 , 131389 ); 16/III/2003, A. A. Nogueira et al. leg., ♂, 2♀ ( MZSP 22604 ; MZSP 22605 ; MZSP 22606 ); Torres (23°38’58.12”S 46°57’45.99”W), 15/XII/2002, A. A. Nogueira et al. leg., ♂ ( MZSP 22591 ); Grilos (23°38’58.12”S 46°57’45.99”W), 11/III/2003, A. A. Nogueira et al. leg., ♀ ( MZSP 22592 ); Área B (23°38’58.12”S 46°57’45.99”W), 23/III/2003, A. A. Nogueira et al. leg., ♂ ( MZSP 22593 ); Área D (23°38’58.12”S 46°57’45.99”W), 20.XII.2002, A. A. Nogueira et al. leg., ♀ ( MZSP 22594 ); Fragmento Florestal Mioko (23°38’58.12”S 46°57’45.99”W), 12/III/2003, A. A. Nogueira et al. leg., 2♀ ( MZSP 22595 , 22596 ); Fragmento Florestal Pedroso (23°38’58.12”S 46°57’45.99”W), 9/XII/2002, A. A. Nogueira et al. leg., ♂, ♀ ( MZSP 22597 , 22598 ); Fragmento florestal Dito André (23°38’58.12”S 46°57’45.99”W), 10/XII/2002, A. A. Nogueira et al. leg., 4♀ ( MZSP 22599- 22603 ); SÃo Paulo (23°32’51”S 46°38’10”W), 18/V/1999, D. F. Candiani leg. ( IBSP 30022 ); Parque Estadual do Jaraguá (23°27’34.3”S 46°46’2.8”W), 14-19/X/2002, Equipe Biota leg., ♀ ( IBSP 236699 ); Campus USP (23°33’44”S 46°43’39”W), 11/ VIII/1998, ♀ ( IBSP 19669 ); 11/VIII/1998, ♀ ( IBSP 19670 ) ; 12/VIII/1998, ♂ ( IBSP 19671 ) ; 17/VIII/1998, ♀ ( IBSP 19672 ) ; 17/VIII/1998, ♀ ( IBSP 19673 ) ; 17/VIII/1998, ♂, ♀ ( IBSP 19674 ) ; 17/VIII/1998, ♀ ( IBSP 19675 ), all collected by F. S. Cunha; Campus Instituto Butantan (23°33’S 46°43’W) , 05/X/1992, no coll., ♂ ( IBSP 7438 ) ; 31/VII/1998, ♂, ♀ ( IBSP 20121 ) ; 18/XII/1998, ♀ ( IBSP 20122 ) ; 12/IX/1998, ♀ ( IBSP 20123 ) ; 10/IX/1998, ♀ ( IBSP 20124 ) ; 25/III/1998, ♂ ( IBSP 20485 ) ; 25/VIII/1998, ♂ ( IBSP 20490 ) ; 29/VII/1998, ♂, ♀ ( IBSP 20856 ) ; 11/IX/1998, ♀ ( IBSP 20858 ) ; 25/VIII/1998, ♀ ( IBSP 20860 ) ; 14/VIII/1998, ♂, 2♀ ( IBSP 20918 ) ; 11/ VIIII/1999, ♂ ( IBSP 24063 ) ; 18/VI/1999, ♀, 1 imm. ( IBSP 24186 ) ; 03/X/2000, 2♀ ( IBSP 27325 ) ; 13/X/2000, ♂ ( IBSP 27326 ) ; 24/X/2000, 2♀ ( IBSP 27327 ) ; 12/VIII/2000, 2♀ ( IBSP 27464 ; SEM) ; 25/VIII/2000, 2♀ ( IBSP 27468 ) ; 18/ XI/1998, ♀ ( IBSP 20349 ), all collected by F. S. Cunha; 14/X/2008, Alunos do curso 2008 leg., ♀ ( IBSP 120108 ) ; Horto Oswaldo Cruz (23°33’S 46°43’W), V/2000 - II/2001, D. F. Candiani leg., ♀ ( IBSP 76237 ) ; Parque Burle Marx (23°37’56”S 46°43’17”W), 18-23/III/2005, A. Bagio leg., male? Female? ( IBSP 59321 ) ; Parque da Previdência (23°34’S 45°43’W), 01/III/2000, F. S. Cunha leg., ♀ ( IBSP 30017 ) ; 10/ VI/1999, R. P. Indicatti leg., ♀ ( IBSP 30021 ) ; 10/VI/1999, R. P. Indicatti leg., ♂ ( IBSP 30024 ) ; 20/V/1999, F. S. Cunha leg., ♀ ( IBSP 30023 ) ; 01/III/2000, F. S. Cunha leg., 2♀ ( IBSP 32812 ) ; 15/IX/2000, J. Império leg., ♂ ( IBSP 30018 ) , ♀ ( IBSP 30019 ) ; 15/IX/2000, J. Império leg., ♀ ( IBSP 30020 ); 12/V/2000, J. Império leg., ♀ ( IBSP 33328 ) ; Parque Estadual Fontes do Ipiranga (23°38’24.6”S 46°37’3.1”W), 18/III/2017, Z. R. Mendes leg., ♀ ( IBSP 229599 ) ; Itapevi, Condomínio Trensurb (23°35’4”S 46°57’56”W), 23/III/2000, V. Onofrio & D. M. Battesti leg., ♂ ( IBSP 123536 ) ; Paraná: Almirante Tamandaré , 06/IV/1984, ♂ ( MCN 12421 ) , 25/V/1984, 2♀ ( MCN 12427 , 12437 ) , 18/I/1984, 1 imm. ( MCN 12555 ), all E. Corrêa Costa leg.; Foz do Iguaçú , A. B. Bonaldo leg., ♀ ( MCN 21650 ) ; Três Barras do Paraná, A. B. Bonaldo leg., ♂ ( MCN 23157 ) ; Santa Catarina: Chapecó ( Lageado Monte Alegre ), 2001-2002, J. M. Marques, ♀ ( IBSP 93781 ) ; Rancho Queimado , 15-18/XI/1995, A. B. Bonaldo leg., ♀ ( MCN 26820 ) ; SÃo Bento do Sul (Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais Rugendas , 26°16’49,6”S 49°19’32,5”W, 849 m), 15/XII/2011, I. L. F. Magalhães et al. leg., ♂ ( UFMG 10886 ) ; Rio Grande do Sul: Passo Fundo , 01/VII/1986, A. A. Lise leg., 3♀ ( MCN 15870 ) ; Cambará do Sul, 19-21. XII.1994, E. H. Buckup leg., ♂, ♀ ( MCN 25950 ) ; A. F. Fransceschini leg., ♀ ( MCN 26056 ) ; SÃo Francisco de Paula ( Usina Passo do Inferno ), 19/XI/1997, M. A. L. Marques leg., ♂ ( MCN 28773 ); (Barragem dos Bugres), 01-04/ II.1999, 2♀ ( MCN 30679 ) ; 04/II/1999, 2♀ ( MCN 31021 ) both A. B. Bonaldo leg. ( Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula ), R. Baldissera leg., ♂, 10♀ ( MCN 35220 ) ; Nova Petrópolis ( Linha Imperial ), 20/12/1973, A. A. Lise leg., ♀ ( MCN 2214 ) ; ViamÃo ( Morro do Côco ), 25.VII.1985, A. A. Lise leg., 3♀ ( MCN 13389 ) .

Diagnosis. Males of Diphya bicolor resembles D. macrophtalma and D. spinifera by the palp with narrow and rounded cymbium ( Figs 1-5 , 6-9 ), coiled aspect of conductor and embolus, and swollen paracymbium. However, the species differs from D. spinifera and D. macrophtalma by the less conspicuous retrolateral tibial apophysis ( Figs 6-9 , 11, 15, 16 ; see also ÁLVAREZ-PADILLA & HORMIGA, 2011:744, fig. 29C, F, and MARUSIK & OMELKO, 2017:4, figs 12, 16- 18) and also from D. macrophtalma by the less indented paracymbium ( Figs 7, 8 , 11, 12, 15, 16 ; see also MARUSIK & OMELKO, 2017:3, 4, figs 13, 16-18). Females of Diphya bicolor resembles that of D. macrophtalma and D. rugosa in the epigynum with a proportionally small atrium, which is not divided entirely by a septum, and a relatively small basal plate (Figs 26, 31-34; see also MARUSIK & OMELKO, 2017:6 figs 25-32), but differ from both species by the shape of the epigynum with much more conspicuous and larger anterior pockets ( Figs 31-34 ).

Description. Male ( IBSP 20918). Carapace orange with border of eyes black ( Figs 1-3 ). Chelicerae orange ( Figs 1, 2 ). Labium, endites and sternum yellow with brown borders. Legs ( Figs 1-5 ) yellowish, with sparse greenish gray stripes. Oval shaped abdomen ( Fig. 3 ), dorsally cream, with posterior border black, lateral borders with black stripes and ventrally cream with sparse transverse striations ( Figs 1-4 ). Measurements: total length 2.7; carapace 1.4 long, 1.1 wide; eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.04; ALE 0.10; PME 0.08; PLE 0.08; AME-AME 0.02; AME-ALE 0.02; PME – PME 0.05; legs: femur I 2.6; patella + tibia I 2.0; metatarsus I 1.7; tarsus I 0.8; patella + tibia II 1.6; patella + tibia III 1.0; patella + tibia IV 1.3; palp: cymbium 0.7; tibia 0.3. Leg IV claws as in Fig. 20 . Palp with orange-colored bulbus, tibia, patella and femur yellow; bulb relatively small, length about half of chelicerae length; cymbium covering almost the whole bulbus when in prolateral view ( Figs 1, 2 ), tarsal organ very conspicuous ( Fig. 19 ); embolus and cymbial ectomedian process heavily sclerotized ( Figs 1, 2, 5 , 6-10 , 15-17 ); broad conductor with an almost squared tip and a small, heavily sclerotized border ( Figs 6-10 , 11-14 ); paracymbium rounded distally, lobe-like; tibial retrolateral apophysis inconspicuous ( Figs 6-9 , 11, 12, 15 , 18 ).

Female ( IBSP 20918). Coloration as in male, except legs with more accentuated greenish gray bands ( Figs 27- 30 ), and oval abdomen dorsally white, with two black spots on the anterior edge, brown stripes on the posterior edge or the lateral black edge. Ventrally orange, pigmented with guanine stains. Measurements: total length 3.8; carapace 1.6 long, wide 1.3; eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.04; ALE 0.12; PME 0.10; PLE 0.11; AME-AME 0.02; AME-ALE 0.02; PME–PME 0.06; legs: femur I 1.6; patella + tibia I 2.0; metatarsus I 1.6; tarsus I 0.8; patella + tibia II 1.8; patella + tibia III 1.1; patella + tibia IV 1.5. Leg I as in Figs 21, 22. Palp claw as in Fig. 23. Chelicera as in Figs 24, 25. Epigynum with relatively narrow basal plate (about spermathecae diameter), atrium about same width of basal plate ( Fig. 31 ), only divided by a septum at posterior half (Fig. 26); conspicuous and heavy sclerotized H-shaped marginal plate, anterior pockets large, almost as long as spermathecae diameter ( Figs 31-34 ).

Variation. Males (n=10): total length 2.6-3.0; carapace 1.4-1.7; femur I 1.4-1.8. Females (n=10): total length 3.4- 4.3; carapace 1.4-2.1; femur I 1.5-1.9.

Distribution. Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, SÃo Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul) ( Fig. 58 ).

Note. Color of alive specimens with red carapace; abdomen anteriorlly white and posteriorlly reddish-brown ( Figs 35-38 ).

Figures

Figs 1-5. Diphya bicolor Vellard, 1926, male MCN 35220: 1, 2, lateral view; 3, dorsal view; 4, ventral view; 5, frontal view.

Figs 6-10. Diphya bicolor Vellard, 1926, male MCN 35220, palp: 6, retrolateral view; 7, ventral view; 8, dorsal view; 9, prolateral view; 10, frontal view (Co, conductor; Cy, cymbium; CEMP, cymbial ectomedian process; E, embolus; PC, paracymbium).

Figs 11-16. Diphya bicolor Vellard, 1926, male IBSP 20101. SEM palp: 11, retrolateral view; 12, ventro-apical view; 13, dorsal view; 14, apical view; 15, detail, posterior view; 16, prolateral view (Co, conductor; Cy, cymbium; CEMP, cymbial ectomedian process; E, embolus; PC, paracymbium; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis).

Figs 17-20. Diphya bicolor Vellard, 1926, male IBSP 20101. SEM: 17, palp, detail, cymbial ectomedian process; 18, tibia, dorsal view; 19, palp, detail, cymbium apical; 20, leg IV, claws (TO, tarsal organ).

Figs 27-34. Diphya bicolor Vellard, 1926, female. 27-31, MCN 35220 (Rio Grande do Sul); 32, MCN 30679 (Rio Grande do Sul); 33, MCN 2214 (Rio de Janeiro); 34, IBSP 20102 (Minas Gerais). 27, lateral view; 28, carapace, frontal; 29, dorsal view; 30, ventral view; 31, epigynum, ventral view; 32- 34, epigyna, ventral, cleared (A, atrium; AP, anterior pockets; BP, basal plate; CD, copulatory duct; CO, copulatory opening; FD, fertilization duct; LP, lateral plate; MP, marginal plate; S, spermathecae).

Figs 35-38. Diphya bicolor Vellard, 1926, female, alive appearance:35, frontal view; 36, 37, lateral view; 38, dorsal view. Images:Felipe Rasmini, Iraí, RS.

Fig. 58. Distribution of Diphya bicolor Vellard, 1926 and D. napo sp. nov. in South America.