Pterostichus (Koreonialoe) micropoides, Yin & Shi & Liang, 2021

Yin, Wen-Qi, Shi, Hong-Liang & Liang, Hong-Bin, 2021, Revision of the Chinese species of subgenus Koreonialoe (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichus), with descriptions of two new species, ZooKeys 1063, pp. 1-21 : 1

1. Pterostichus (Koreonialoe) micropoides sp. nov.

Figs 1 , 2 , 7 , 8 , 13 , 14 , 22 , 23 , 30 , 34

Type locality.

China, Jilin province: Baishan city, Changbai county, Changsongling (41.74N, 128.02E, alt 1330 m).

Type material.

Holotype: male, "Jilin province, Baishan City, Changbai County, E of Changsongling tunnel; mixed forest, 41.7398N, 128.0221E, 1330m"; "pitfall trap, 2019.VIII.9, Shi HL & Liu YZ lgt. Exp. BJFU 2019"; "HOLOTYPE ♂ Pterostichus (Koreonialoe) micropoides sp. nov., des. Yin & Shi. 2021" [red label]. Paratypes (a total of 164 males and 104 females): 1 male and 2 females, the same data as holotype but labeled as paratype; 2 males and 2 females, "Jilin province, Baishan City, Changbai County, Manjiang Changsong Village; mixed forest, 42.8527N, 127.8287E, 107m"; "pitfall trap; 2019.VIII.9, Liu YZ, Wang C, Zhu PZ & Wu JY lgt."; 5 males and 5 females, "Jilin province, Yanbian City, Antu County, Laoling along G334, Anhe view point; 42.5153N, 128.6744E, 1300m"; "pitfall trap; 2019.VII.31-2019.VIII.2, Liu YZ, Wang C, Wu JY & Zhu PZ lgt."; 1 male, "Jilin province, Hunchun City, Jingxin county, Daxiutiandong Village; fagus forest, 42.6448N, 130.3486E, 30m"; "pitfall trap; 2019.VIII.10, Shi HL & Liu YZ lgt."; 1 male, "Jilin province, Antu County, north slope of Changbai mountain, Tianchi waterfall meadow; 42.0373N, 128.0544E, 1959m"; "2019.VIII.7, Shi HL, Liu YZ & Wang C lgt."; 2 males and 1 female, "Jilin province, Antu county, north slope of Changbai mountain, W to the waterfall; alpine meadow, 42.0477N, 128.0517E, 2117m"; "pitfall trap; 2019.VIII.7, Shi HL, Liu YZ & Wang C lgt."; 4 males and 1 female, "Jilin province, Baishan city, Fusong county, W of Changsongling tunnel; mixed forest, 41.7798N, 127.9400E, 1577m"; "pitfall trap; 2019.VIII.9, Shi HL & Liu YZ lgt."; 17 males and 18 females, "China Jilin province, Antu County, north slope of Changbai mountain, 42.0797N, 128.0637E, 2000m, 2011.VII-VIII, Zou Y lgt."; 9 males and 3 females, "China Jilin province, Antu County, north slope of Changbai mountain, 42.0877N, 128.0738E, 1820m, 2011.VII-VIII, Zou Y lgt."; 6 males and 3 females, "China Jilin province, Antu County, north slope of Changbai mountain, 42.0885N, 128.0696E, 1950m, 2011.VII-VIII, Zou Y lgt."; 11 males, "China Jilin province, Antu County, north slope of Changbai mountain, 42.0888N, 128.0703E, 1750m, 2011.VII-VIII, Zou Y lgt."; 9 males and 5 females, "China Jilin province, Antu County, north slope of Changbai mountain, 42.0947N, 128.0675E, 1740m, 2011.VII-VIII, Zou Y lgt."; 12 males and 5 females, "China Jilin province, Antu County, north slope of Changbai mountain, 42.1192N, 128.1047E, 1730m, 2011.VII-VIII, Zou Y lgt."; 3 males and 1 female, "China Jilin province, Antu County, north slope of Changbai mountain, 42.1797N, 128.1375E, 1520m, 2011.VII-VIII, Zou Y lgt."; 3 males and 2 females, "China Jilin province, Antu County, north slope of Changbai mountain, 42.0573N, 128.0669E, 1990m, 2012.VII-VIII, Zou Y lgt."; 15 males and 12 females, "China Jilin province, Antu County, north slope of Changbai mountain, 42.0575N, 128.0656E, 1960m, 2012.VII-VIII, Zou Y lgt."; 26 males and 10 females, "China Jilin province, Antu County, north slope of Changbai mountain, 42.0797N, 128.0637E, 2000m, 2012.VII-VIII, Zou Y lgt."; 3 males and 5 females, "China Jilin province, Antu County, north slope of Changbai mountain, 42.0877N, 128.0738E, 1820m, 2012.VII-VIII, Zou Y lgt."; 7 males and 3 females, "China Jilin province, Antu County, north slope of Changbai mountain, 42.0885N, 128.0696E, 1950m, 2012.VII-VIII, Zou Y lgt."; 3 males and 6 females, "China Jilin province, Antu County, north slope of Changbai mountain, 42.0888N, 128.0703E, 1750m, 2012.VII-VIII, Zou Y lgt."; 9 males and 3 females, "China Jilin province, Antu County, north slope of Changbai mountain, 42.0947N, 128.0675E, 1740m, 2012.VII-VIII, Zou Y lgt."; 11 males and 10 females, "China Jilin province, Antu County, north slope of Changbai mountain, 42.1192N, 128.1047E, 1730m, 2012.VII-VIII, Zou Y lgt."; 1 male and 3 females, "China Jilin province, Antu County, north slope of Changbai mountain, 42.1209N, 128.1073E, 1620m, 2012.VII-VIII, Zou Y lgt."; 1 male and 1 female, "China Jilin province, Antu County, north slope of Changbai mountain, 42.1714N, 128.1347E, 1600m, 2012.VII-VIII, Zou Y lgt."; 1 male and 2 females, "China Jilin province, Antu County, north slope of Changbai mountain, 42.1797N, 128.1375E, 1520m, 2012.VII-VIII, Zou Y lgt."; 1 female, " Jilin province, the Changbai mountain Tianchi, 2000m, 1987.VII.22, Yu Peiyu lgt."; 1 male, "20100818, OH-15-S56".

Diagnosis.

Small sized species in this subgenus; body dark reddish brown; fifth tarsomere without seta on ventral side; median lobe of aedeagus stout, ventral surface without tubercle, apical portion simple, not distinctly deflected to venter or left; endophallus strongly directed ventrally, gonopore opened to the ventral-base of aedeagus; two endophallic lobes present, both spherical; lp a little larger than la.

Comparison.

Pterostichus micropoides sp. nov. is most similar to P. microps Heyden in its external and aedeagal features: both species have the median lobe of aedeagus without ventral tubercle and not apically dilated. But these two species also differ in their male genitalia: in P. micropoides sp. nov., the median lobe of aedeagus is only very slightly deflected ventrally at the apical fourth (Figs 7 , 8 ), while in P. microps it is more distinctly deflected ventrally at the apical fourth (Fig. 20 ). The endophallus of these two species is also very similar: they both curved ventrally with only two endophallic lobes present. But they are different in the orientation of endophallus and shape of lobes: in P. micropoides sp. nov., the endophallus is generally directed ventrally, gonopore opened to the ventral-basal direction; the endophallic lobes with la and lp both spherical, lp a little larger than la (Figs 22 , 23 ); while in P. microps , the endophallus directed apical-ventrally, gonopore opened to the basal direction; the endophallic lobes with la strongly compressed, much smaller than lp (Fig. 21 ).

From the external features, P. micropoides sp. nov. can be readily distinguished among all Chinese species of Pterostichus Koreonialoe for its smaller size (BL 13.7-15.7 mm versus 16.8-21.6 mm in other species) and dorsally reddish brown (a little darker in P. syleus , much darker in other two species). Besides, P. micropoides sp. nov. is a little different from other three Chinese species in the pronotum punctures: in P. micropoides sp. nov., pronotum disc with sparser fine punctures, area anterior to the transversal sulci completely impunctate; but in other species, pronotum disc with much denser fine punctures, area anterior to the transversal sulci distinctly punctate.

Description.

BL 13.7-15.7 mm, BW 5.4-6.7 mm. Body form robust, dorsally dark reddish brown, elytra opaque, without metallic luster. Head large, widest at temporae; frons smooth; frontal grooves shallow; temporae strongly swollen, a little longer than eyes; eyes small and hemispherical. Pronotum strongly cordate, disc with relative sparse fine punctures, area anterior to sub-anterior transversal sulci impunctate; PW/HW = 1.31-1.36, PW/PL = 1.42-1.46, widest near anterior third; anterior margin slightly wider than posterior margin, PAW/PBW = 1.14-1.18. Lateral margins slightly arched from anterior angles to the middle, strongly sinuate and then nearly straight before posterior angles; posterior angles rectangular; mid-lateral setae present at anterior fifth of lateral margins; lateral expansions equal width at anterior and posterior portion. Basal foveae with inner and outer grooves faintly defined and partly fused, forming deep depression between them, outer groove slightly shorter than inner one; middle area between two basal foveae longitudinal rugose. Elytra oblong, shoulders widely rounded; basal ridge and lateral margin forming an obtuse angle; elytra 1.53-1.65 times longer than wide. Usually three discal pores present on third interval, all adjoining the second stria: the first one before middle, position of the second one variable, the last one at apical fifth to eighth. Umbilicate series on ninth interval continuous, sparse at middle. Ventral side: metepisternum near smooth; sternite VII of males without secondary sexual modification. Fifth tarsomere without ventral seta. Male genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus gradually curved at basal third; ventral surface without a conspicuous tubercle, apical portion not dilated, gradually deflected ventrally (Figs 7 , 8 ); apical lamella very short, rounded-triangular, nearly straight in dorsal view (Figs 13 , 14 ). Endophallus (Figs 22 , 23 ) long, straightly directed ventrally, gonopore opened to ventral-basal direction of aedeagus; two distinct lobes recognized: left apical lobe (la) small, spherical, apex not hooked; left preapical lobe (lp) larger than la, similar shape as la. Female genitalia typical in this subgenus.

Distribution.

This species is relatively widespread along the Changbai mountain range of Jilin province, the border between China and North Korea. (Fig. 36 , green)

Etymology.

The name of this new species is derived from P. microps from the Far East of Russia and a Greek suffix “-oides” meaning alike. It alludes to its similarity to this species.

Figures

Figure 36. Confirmed distribution of Pterostichus (Koreonialoe) spp. in China: Green: P. micropoides sp. nov.; Red: P. tetralobatus sp. nov.; Yellow: P. bellatrix Tschitscherine; Blue: P. syleus Kirschenhofer.

Figures 1 - 6. Habitus of Pterostichus (Pterostichus Koreonialoe) spp. from China 1 P. micropoides sp. nov., Holotype. 2 P. micropoides sp. nov., male, Paratype from Hunchun city, Jilin 3 P. syleus Kirschenhofer, a male from Fengcheng city, Liaoning 4 P. syleus Kirschenhofer, a female from Zhuanghe city, Liaoning 5 P. quadrilobatus sp. nov., Holotype 6 P. bellatrix Tschitscherine, a male from Changbai county, Jilin. Scale bar: 5 mm.

Figures 7 - 12. Male genitalia of Pterostichus (Koreonialoe) spp. from China, left lateral view of median lobe of aedeagus 7 P. micropoides sp. nov., Holotype 8 P. micropoides sp. nov., Paratype from Changbai county, Jilin 9 P. syleus Kirschenhofer, a male from Fengcheng city, Liaoning 10 P. syleus Kirschenhofer, a male from Shedao Island, Liaoning 11 P. quadrilobatus sp. nov., Holotype 12 P. bellatrix Tschitscherine, a male from Changbai county, Jilin. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 13 - 18. Male genitalia of Pterostichus (Koreonialoe) spp. from China, dorsal view of median lobe of aedeagus 13 P. micropoides sp. nov., Holotype 14 P. micropoides sp. nov. Paratype from Changbai county 15 P. syleus Kirschenhofer, a male from Fengcheng city, Liaoning 16 P. syleus Kirschenhofer, a male from Shedao Island, Liaoning 17 P. quadrilobatus sp. nov., Paratype from Laopingding, Liaoning 18 P. bellatrix Tschitscherine, a male from Changbai county, Jilin. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 22 - 27. Endophallus of Pterostichus (Koreonialoe) spp. from China, left lateral view and right lateral view 22 P. micropoides sp. nov., Paratype from Antu city, Jilin 23 P. micropoides sp. nov., Paratype from Changbaishan mt., Jilin 24 P. syleus Kirschenhofer, a male from Fengcheng city, Liaoning 25 P. syleus Kirschenhofer, a male from Shedao Island, Liaoning 26 P. quadrilobatus sp. nov., Holotype 27 P. bellatrix Tschitscherine, a male from Changbai county, Jilin. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 28 - 35. Female genitalia of Pterostichus (Koreonialoe) spp. from China, Figs 28 - 31 ventral view and inner lateral view of ovipositor. Figs 32 - 35 female reproductive system. 28, 32 P. tetralobatus, Paratype from Laopingding, Liaoning 29, 33 P. syleus, a female from Baishilazi, Liaoning 30, 34 P. micropoides, female, Paratype from Antu county, Jilin 31, 35 P. bellatrix, a female from Fusong county, Jilin. Scale bar: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: g 1: gonocoxite I; g 2: gonocoxite II; es: ensiform setae; ns, nematiform setae; bc: bursa copulatrix; co: common oviduct; sc: seminal canal; rc: receptaculum; spc: spermathecal canal.

Figures 19 - 21. Pterostichus (Koreonialoe) microps Heyden, a male labeled as " Russia, Primorye Terr. Lazovsky reserve, Krodon America, 2002. IV. 25, J. Sundukov leg " 19 habitus 20 male genitalia, dorsal view of median lobe, scale bar: 1 mm 21 endophallus, left lateral view and right lateral view. Scale bars: 5 mm (a for Fig. 19); 1 mm (b Figs 21, 22).