Graphis Jeffreys, 1867

Gründel, Joachim & Nützel, Alexander, 2013, Evolution and classification of Mesozoic mathildoid gastropods, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 58 (4), pp. 803-826 : 816

Genus Graphis Jeffreys, 1867

(= Rotfanella Gründel, 1998 )

Fig. 9F, G .

Type species: Turbo unicus Montagu, 1803 (= junior subjective synonym of Turbo albidus Kanmacher, 1798 ), original designation; Recent; North Atlantic and Mediterranean.

Included Jurassic species: Rotfanella rotundata Gründel, 1998 , Callovian; Rotfanella sp. nov. sensu Gründel 1998, Bathonian; Rotfanella herrigi Gründel, 1999b , Bathonian; Rotfanella weissi Gründel, 1999b , late Toarcian–early Aalenian; Graphis sinecostata Gründel, 2007a , late Toarcian–early Aalenian; Graphis sp. sensu Gründel 2007b, Pliensbachian.

Diagnosis.—Shell small with a blunt apex; protoconch with two whorls, broader than the first teleoconch whorl, with or without radial ribs; teleoconch whorls convex with distinct suture; ornament consists of numerous parasigmoidal axial ribs, crossed by numerous weak spiral striae; base convex and without any border rib to the flank; aperture rounded, small.

Remarks.— Bandel (2005: 21, figs. 64–67) re−described and illustrated the type species of Graphis . This species has the same characters as Jurassic species of Rotfanella (see Fig. 9G ). Therefore Rotfanella Gründel, 1998 represents a synonym of Graphis . However, Bandel’s (2005) synonymization of Urlocella Gründel, 1998 with Graphis is unjustified. Urlocella differs from Graphis in having a narrower protoconch (smaller diameter than first teleoconch whorl) and in showing a conspicuous reduction of the ornament during ontogeny.

Stratigraphic and geographic range.—Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian) to Recent; Germany, Poland.

Figures

Fig. 9. Type species and examples for Triassic and Jurassic genera of the family Tofanellidae. A, B. Tofanella laevigata (von Münster, 1841), Cassian Formation, Alpe di Specie, Dolomites, N Italy, Late Triassic A. From Bandel (1995: pl. 10: 1). B. From Bandel (1995: pl. 10: 2). C. Cristalloella (Cristalloella) cassiana Bandel, 1995, Cassian Formation, Campo, Dolomites, N Italy, Late Triassic; from Bandel (1995: pl. 10: 9). D. Cristalloella (Wonwalica) minuta Schröder, 1995, Wąwał, Poland, Valanginian; from Schröder (1995: pl. 10: 1). E. Neodonaldina elongata (Zardini, 1978), Cassian Formation, Alpe di Specie, Dolomites, N Italy, Late Triassic. Protoconch (E1) from Bandel (1996: fig. 5d), whole specimen (E2) from Bandel (1996: fig. 6a). F. Graphis rotundata (Gründel, 1998), borehole Heringsdorf 4/63, Germany, middle Callovian; from Gründel (1998: pl. 1: 5). G. Graphis albida (Kanmacher, 1798), Pliocene, Nice/France; from Bandel (2005: fig. 64). H. Camponaxis lateplicata (Klipstein, 1843), Cassian Formation, Misurina, Dolomites, N Italy, Late Triassic; from Bandel (1995: pl. 14: 3). I. Usedomella laevigatoidea (Gründel, 1993), borehole Kłęby 1/37 (formerly Klemmen), Poland, Callovian; from Gründel (1998: pl. 2: 19). J. Urlocella minuera Gründel, 1998, bore Kłęby 1/37, late Bathonian; from Gründel (1998: pl. 1: 11).