Tanaecium tetragonolobum (Jacq.) L.G.Lohmann, Nuevo Cat. Fl. Vasc. Venezuela 274. 2008.

Frazao, Annelise & Lohmann, Lucia G., 2019, An updated synopsis of Tanaecium (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae), PhytoKeys 132, pp. 31-52 : 44

18. Tanaecium tetragonolobum (Jacq.) L.G.Lohmann, Nuevo Cat. Fl. Vasc. Venezuela 274. 2008. Fig. 1K, P

Bignonia tetragonoloba Jacq., Fragm. Bot. 36. 1809 [1810].

Ceratophytum tetragonolobum (Jacq.) Sprague & Sandwith, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1934: 222. 1934. Type: N. J. Jacquin, Fragm. Bot. 36, tab. 40, fig. 2 1809 [1810]-illustration! (lectotype, selected by Lohmann and Taylor 2014).

Habitat and distribution.

Tanaecium tetragonolobum is found in dry to evergreen lowland forest vegetation ( Gentry 1997) in Belize (Cayo, Orange Walk, Toledo), Bolivia (Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz), Brazil (Acre, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia), Colombia ( Atlántico, Bolívar, Chocó, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Santander, Sucre), Costa Rica (Alajuela, Guanacaste, Guanaste, Puntarenas, San José), Ecuador (Napo, Pastaza), Guatemala ( Petén), Guyana, Lesser Antilles (Grenada), Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Yucatán), Nicaragua ( Atlántico Sur, Carazo, Chinandega, Chontales, Granada, León, Managua, Masaya, Río San Juan, Rivas), Panama (Canal Area, Darién, Herrera, Panama, Panamá, San Blas), Peru (Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Martín, Ucayali), Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela ( Anzoátegui, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Carabobo, Distrito Federal, Falcón, Guárico, Lara, Mérida, Miranda, Monagas, Portuguesa, Táchira, Yaracuy, Zulia).

Phenology.

Flowering: February to November; fruiting: January to December.

Notes.

Tanaecium tetragonolobum can be confused with two sympatric species, T. jaroba and T. dichotomum due to the stems with interpetiolular glandular fields (sometimes lacking in T. dichotomum ) and subulate or bromeliad-like prophylls of the axillary buds (Tab. 1 ). However, T. tetragonolobum can be separated from T. jaroba by the membrane-like domatia (lacking in T. jaroba ), lack of glandular peltate trichomes abaxially (present in T. jaroba ), and interpetiolular patelliform trichomes <0.3 mm (vs. interpetiolular patelliform trichomes> 0.3 mm in T. jaroba ). On the other hand, T. tetragonolobum can be separated from T. dichotomum by the trifid tendrils (vs. simple tendrils in T. dichotomum ) (Tab. 1 ).

Figures

Figure 1. Morphological diversity of Tanaecium. A-K Flowers A T. bilabiatum B T. dichotomum C T. duckei D T. jaroba E T. parviflorum F T. pyramidatum G T. revillae H T. tetragonolobum I T. tetramerum J T. truncatum K T. xanthophyllum. L-P Fruits L T. bilabiatum M T. cyrtanthum N T. jaroba O T. selloi P T. tetragonolobum. Q-T Seeds Q T. cyrtanthum R T. jaroba S T. revillae T T. selloi. Photos by A. Frazao, except A by B. Gomes B by R. Lopes E, M by C. Siniscalchi G by E. Kataoka H by Stevens I by Parada-Gutierrez J by L. H. M. Fonseca.