Apionidae, Schoenherr, 1823

Kissinger, David G., 2005, Review Of Apioninae Of Chile (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Apionidae), The Coleopterists Bulletin 59 (1), pp. 71-90 : 72-73

Key to Apionidae from Chile

1A: Middle coxae separated by union of sternal processes; sterna 3 & 4 not emarginate; elytra not blue in color - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2

1B: Middle coxae not separated by junction of mesosternal process and intercoxal process of metasternum; pronotum and elytra subcylindrical in form ( Fig. 1 ); sternum 3 emarginate on medial posterior border, on either side of emargination produced posteriorly as short, broad, flat process projecting over wide, basal emargination of sternum 4; sternum 4 broadly emarginate on posterior median margin; elytra blue - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chilapion macilentum (Blanchard)

2A: Elytral intervals 1, 3 and 5 without multiple long, fine, erect setae (specialized setae) AND/OR endophallus without frena near orifice of median lobe of aedeagus; trochanter long - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 setae) scattered along interval AND endophallus with 2 large hooklike processes (frena) near orifice of median lobe of aedeagus; trochanter short but femur not touching coxa - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Noterapion Kissinger

3A: Prothorax in dorsal view with basal flange ( Figs. 7 , 10 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4

3B: Prothorax in dorsal view without basal flange ( Figs. 15 , 17 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6

4A: Rostrum in profile distinctly curved ( Figs. 8–9 ); elytral intervals with 2 or more rows of scales ( Figs. 7 , 10 ); male protarsomere 1 with spine on inner apical margin - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5

4B: Rostrum in profile almost straight ( Figs. 4–5 ); elytral intervals with 1 row of scales ( Fig. 6 ); male tarsi and tibiae unarmed - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hecyrapion novercale Kissinger

5A: In profile dorsal margin of head nearly flat above eye ( Fig. 9 ); male protarsomere 2 not longer than protarsomere 1, male femur 3 not greatly swollen - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Rhamnapion humerale (Philippi and Philippi)

5B: In profile dorsal margin of head abruptly, prominently produced above eye ( Fig. 8 ); male protarsomere 2 distinctly longer than protarsomere 1, male femur 3 greatly swollen ( Fig. 8 , insert) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Rhamnapion pachymerum (Philippi and Philippi)

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

6A(3): Subcephalic ridge low or absent, ventral surface of head virtually flat ( Fig. 12 ); armature of? legs various or lacking - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7

6B: Subcephalic ridge high, ventral surface of head excavated ( Fig. 14 );? tarsi 1–3 have tarsomere 1 produced into blunt spine on inner apical margin - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Acarapion ferruginosum Kissinger

7A: Rostrum not long and cylindrical; antenna inserted beyond basal 1/4 of rostrum; dorsal margin of scrobe not produced into toothlike process; laterally, prothorax with sparse, fine, hairlike scales ( Figs. 12 , 16 , 18 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8

7B: Rostrum elongate and cylindrical ( Fig. 3 ); antenna inserted before basal 1/8 of rostrum; dorsal margin of scrobe produced into acute toothlike process ( Fig. 3 , insert); laterally, prothorax with dense, elliptical scales ( Fig. 3 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Exapion ulicis (Forster)

8A: Scales on pronotum and dorsal elytral disk either virtually absent or shorter and finer than those on femora and tibiae ( Figs. 16–17 );? tibiae 1–3 mucronate; endophallus without hook-like structure - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9

8B: Scales on pronotum and dorsal elytral disk similar in length and coarseness to those on femora and tibiae ( Figs. 11–12 );? tibia 2 mucronate; endophallus with large hook-like structure - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Pystapion erotema Kissinger

9A: Elytra red-testaceous with margin and suture darker ( Fig. 17 ); pronotum and dorsum of elytra virtually glabrous ( Fig. 17 ); punctures on base of frons deeper and coarser than those on pronotum ( Fig. 17A, B ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mythapion trifolianum Kissinger

9B: Elytra piceous; scales on dorsum of elytra and pronotum present but distinctly shorter and finer than those on femora and tibiae ( Fig. 16 ); punctures on base of frons not deeper and coarser than those on pronotum ( Fig. 15A, B ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mythapion adesmiae Kissinger

Figures

Figs. 1–3. Chilean Apioninae. 1) Chilapion macilentum, dorsal view; 2, 3) Exapion ulicis; 2) dorsal view; 3) lateral view, female head and prothorax (with acute scrobe process outlined and enlarged, no scale). Scale ¼ 0.36 mm.

Figs. 7–8. Rhamnapion pachymerum. 7) Dorsal view, female; 8) lateral view, female (insert of male femur 3 at same scale). Scale ¼ 0.36 mm.

Figs. 9–10. Rhamnapion humerale. 9) Lateral view, male; 10) dorsal view, male. Scale ¼

Figs. 15–16. Mythapion adesmiae. 15) Dorsal view, male (A, B same enlargement, no scale: A, punctures on frons; B, punctures on apex of pronotum); 16) lateral view, male. Scale ¼ 0.36 mm.

Figs. 17–18. Mythapion trifolianum. Fig. 17. Dorsal view, female (A, B same enlargement, no scale: A, punctures on frons; B, punctures on apex of pronotum). Fig. 18. Lateral view, male, head and prothorax. Scale ¼ 0.36 mm.

Figs. 4–6. Hecyrapion novercale. 4) Lateral view, male head and prothorax; 5) lateral view, female head and prothorax; 6) dorsal view, female. Figs 4–5 scale ¼ 0.19 mm. Fig. 6 scale ¼ 0.36 mm.

Figs. 11–12. Pystapion erotema. 11) Dorsal view, male; 12) lateral view, male. Scale ¼

Figs. 13–14. Acarapion ferruginosum. 13) Dorsal view, male; 14) lateral view, male. Scale ¼