Phygopoda fugax Thomson, 1864

Carelli, Allan & Monné, Marcela L., 2015, Taxonomic revision of Phygopoda Thomson, 1864 and Pseudophygopoda Tavakilian & Peñaherrera-Leiva, 2007 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae), Zootaxa 4021 (2), pp. 201-242 : 211-219

Phygopoda fugax Thomson, 1864

( Figs. 17−67 , 73 )

Phygopoda fugax Thomson, 1864: 164 ; Lacordaire, 1869: 509; Gemminger & Harold, 1872: 2892 (cat.); Bates, 1873: 125 (syn.); Gounelle, 1911: 61 (distr., reval.); Aurivillius, 1912: 284 (cat.); Zikán & Zikán, 1944: 16 (distr.); Blackwelder, 1946: 577 (check); Zajciw, 1972: 55 (distr.); 1974: 58 (distr.); Monné, 1993: 50 (cat.); Monné & Giesbert, 1994: 98 (check); Giesbert, 1996: 332; Monné, 2005: 499 (cat.); Monné & Hovore, 2006: 123 (check); Monné et al. 2009: 21 (distr.); Monné et al., 2010: 243 (distr.); Monné, 2012: 48; Bezark & Monné, 2013: 150 (check); Monné, 2015: 784 (cat.).

Male ( Fig. 17 ). Integument black, except for antennomeres 6−9 sometimes with yellowish ring at base, elytra with yellowish median longitudinal band extending from the humeri; pro- and mesolegs reddish brown, metafemora with yellowish ring at base and yellowish metatarsi.

Eyes ( Fig. 19 ) frontally separated by about 1/7 width of lower ocular lobe; clypeus covered with bright, whitish pubescence. Labrum ( Fig. 22 ) almost as wide as long, apical margin rounded, with pair of long lateral setae and short dense setae in median region. Mandibles ( Fig. 23 ) triangular, symmetrical and acuminated at apex; slightly shorter at base than its length; external face rounded, with long setae; inner cutting edge without teeth, with fringe of setae. Maxillae ( Fig. 25 ): cardo and stipes well developed; galea narrow, elongate, feebly curved toward lacinia, with dense brush of setae at apex; lacinia with fringe of setae on inner margin; basal segment of palpus subcylindrical, about 2/3 length of apical segment; second segment about twice longer than third; apical segment rounded at apex. Labium ( Fig. 24 ): mentum trapezoidal with basal margin excavated; ligula diverging at sides to apical region; apical portion divided into two subcylindrical lobes; inner margin of lobes with row of long setae; apical segment of palpi enlarged, about twice longer than second segment, with rounded apex.

Antennae ( Fig. 26 ) exceeding elytral apex at antennomere 8 (rarely at 9), reaching second ventrite; antennomeres 3−6 with row of long, semierect setae on inner margin; antennomere 7 with similar setae at apex of inner margin (sometimes extending to 8).

Prothorax ( Figs. 32−35 ) 1.3 times longer than wide; laterally with spots of whitish pubescence. Pronotum sometimes with two narrow longitudinal rows of whitish pubescence; prosternal process from 1/4 to 1/3 diameter of procoxa; anterior coxal cavities closed posteriorly. Proendosternite directed toward posterior region of body, with two convergent arms. Mesosternal process ( Figs. 36, 37 ) about 1/2 diameter of mesocoxa; mesepisternum, mesepimeron, metepisternum and metasternum covered with bright, whitish pubescence and long, sparse, semierect setae. Mesendosternite ( Fig. 37 ) hook-shaped, merged with inner wall of mesepimeron. Metendosternite ( Fig. 38 ) hylecoetoid, with elongate cylindrical lamina, separated by large rounded chamfer; arms perpendicular to lamina and divergent from each other; peduncle and lamina subequal in length. Scutellum with rounded apex. Elytra ( Fig. 39 ) with rounded apex. Wing ( Fig. 40 ), length about 4 times its greatest width; Subcosta (Sc) restricted to 1/5 basal; Radius cell closed and oval; s-m merged with Posterior Media (PM); apical section of Anterior Media (AM) present; Plical (P) reduced; Anal (A) with only one branch.

Pro- and mesotibiae ( Figs. 42, 46 ) with apical 3/4 densely covered with short fine golden pubescence; metatibiae ( Fig. 52 ) with dense brush of long black setae on apical half; pro- and mesotarsi ( Figs. 43, 44, 47, 48 ) with ventral surface densely covered with short, fine, yellowish pubescence and dorsal surface covered with yellowish pubescence; metatarsi ( Figs. 49, 50 ) covered with long yellowish to whitish pubescence.

Last visible urotergite with rounded apex and apical half covered with whitish pubescence; last visible urosternite ( Fig. 53 ) covered with short decumbent setae; center-apical region densely covered with semierect setae; apical margin covered with short, decumbent, golden-yellow pubescence.

Terminalia: sternite 8 ( Fig. 55 ) narrow, with sinuous apical margin; long sternal apophysis about 3 times greatest width of sternite. Tergite 8 ( Fig. 54 ) slightly longer than wide; basal margin with median hollow and apical margin rounded, with sparse setae. Ventral arch ( Fig. 56 ) fork-shaped; long apophysis about 1.5 times length of arm; dorsal arch absent. Tegmen ( Figs. 57−59 ) as long as median lobe; distal region almost totally divided into elongate cylindrical parameres with rounded apex and short setae; ring piece convergent, acuminate, apically merged and with long projection, as long as ring piece. Median lobe ( Figs. 60−62 ): ventral lobe shorter than dorsal; slightly curved in lateral view. Ventral lobe rounded and dorsal lobe acuminate at apex; basal apophysis about 5 times longer than apical portion; internal sac with two sclerotized pieces.

Female. Prothorax and abdomen from reddish brown to black; legs from yellowish brown to reddish brown. Eyes ( Fig. 28 ) frontally separated by width of lower ocular lobe; clypeus without pubescence. Last visible urotergite elongate, narrowing toward apex; apical half covered with decumbent, yellowish setae; apex rounded; last visible urosternite ( Fig. 63 ) triangular, with truncate apex.

Terminalia: sternite ( Fig. 66 ) and tergite 8 ( Fig. 67 ) elongate, merged, with tubular aspect; apical margin truncate. Sternal apophysis elongate, about 1.5 longer than sternite. Ovipositor ( Figs. 64, 65 ) membranous, very elongate, more than 7 times longer than wide; limit between proximal and distal region not evident; apical region with short lobes; apical stylus securiform; spermathecal duct long, about 4 times length of spermatheca; spermatheca C-shaped with rounded apex; spermathecal gland shorter than spermatheca.

Measurements, in mm. female/male. n=15/30. Total length, 7.74±0.63/6.55±0.33; prothorax length, 1.27±0.1/1.12±0.1; prothorax width, 1.1±0.06/0.8±0.13; elytral length, 2.08±0.12/1.65±0.22; humeral width, 1.24±0.08/1.07±0.05.

Type-material. We examined photographs (taken by Dr. Eugenio H. Nearns) and slides (made by Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure) of the male holotype ( Fig. 17 ) (MNHN) from Brazil.

Comments. Bates (1873) synonymized Phygopoda fugax ( Fig. 17 ) with Paraphygopoda albitarsis ( Figs. 74−94 ), considering the former similar to small specimens of P. albitarsis . Gounelle (1911) revalidated P. fugax , as differing from P. albitarsis in the smaller size, prothorax without elevations, and elytra cuneiform, rounded and not subulate at the apex.

Phygopoda fugax differs from other species of the genus in the following combined characteristics: head, antennae, thorax, elytral margin, metafemora and metatibiae from dark brown to black and clypeus covered with bright whitish pubescence, procoxal cavities closed posteriorly, elytra without constriction at apical fifth; and brush of setae of metatibiae with only one color.

Differences among P. f u ga x and the other species can be found in the comments on each of these species.

Geographical distribution. Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro). This species is newly reported from Brazil for Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bahia, São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina ( Fig. 73 ).

Host plant. Leguminosae - Acacia mangium Willd. ( Lemes et al., 2015)

Specimens examined. BRAZIL, Goiás: Vianópolis, male, X.1981, N. Tangerini leg. (MNRJ). Mato Grosso do Sul, Ponte Primavera (Rio Paraná), male, X.1954, J. Lane leg. (MZSP). Bahia: Encruzilhada (Motel da Divisa), 960 m, female, XII.1974, C. A. Seabra and O. Roppa leg. (MNRJ). Minas Gerais: Estrada Rio-Bahia, BR 116 Km 805, female, XI.1972, C. A. Campos Seabra leg. (MNRJ); Passos, 2 males, XI.1961, P. C. Elias leg. (MNRJ); female, 13−18.XI.1961, P. C. Elias leg. (MNRJ); Pedra Azul, 700 m, female, XI.1971, C. A. Seabra and F. M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); 3 males, XI.1972, C. A. Seabra and F. M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ). Espírito Santo: Baixo Guandu, 3 males, X.1971, P. C. Elias leg. (MZSP); male, 26−30.XI.1971, P. C. Elias leg. (DZUP); Colatina, 3 males, 2.XI.1964, Werner, F. M. Oliveira and C. A. Seabra leg. (MNRJ); Reserva Biológica de Sooretama, 2 males, X.1969, F. M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); male, X.1976, A. Silva leg. (MNRJ). Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro (Corcovado), female, IX.1961, Alvarenga and C. A. Seabra leg. (MNRJ); male, XII.1961, Alvarenga and C. A. Seabra leg. (MNRJ); female, 15.X.1963, Alvarenga and C. A. Seabra leg. (MNRJ); female, 28.VIII.1964, Alvarenga and C. A. Seabra leg. (MNRJ); female, 27.X.1975, M. A. Monné and C. A. Seabra leg. (MNRJ); (Floresta da Tijuca), male, 18.XI.1981, C. A. Seabra leg. (MNRJ); male, 22.XI.1981, C. A. Seabra leg. (MNRJ); female, 22.X.1982, C. A. Seabra leg. (MNRJ); male, 31.X.1983, C. A. Seabra leg. (MNRJ); (Represa Rio Grande), female, 1−15.X.1960, F. M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); female, XII.1960, F. M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); male and female, X.1963, F. M. Oliveira leg. (DZUP); 22 males and 1 female, X.1963, F. M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); Itatiaia, 900 m, female, I. XI.1947, H. Zellibor leg. (MNRJ). São Paulo: Amparo, male, 1931, P. Reck leg. (MZSP); São Paulo (Jabaquara), male, 17.XI.1944, H. Zellibor leg. (MNRJ). Paraná: Guaraúna, 2 males, XII.1932 (DZUP). Santa Catarina: Mafra, female, 1938, A. Maller leg. (MNRJ); Seara, Nova Teutônia, 300−500 m, 2711’S, 5223’W, female, X.1957, Fritz Plaumann leg. (MZSP).

Figures

FIGURE 73. Geographical distribution of Phygopoda species.

FIGURE 15 – 17. 15, Phygopoda ingae Peñaherrera-Leiva & Tavakilian, 2004, female holotype; 16, Phygopoda fulvitarsis Gounelle, 1911, male lectotype; 17, Phygopoda fugax Thomson, 1864, male holotype.

FIGURES 18 – 26. Phygopoda fugax Thomson, 1864, male. 18 – 21, head: 18, dorsal view; 19, frontal view; 20, lateral view; 21, ventral view; 22, labrum, dorsal view; 23, mandible, dorsal view; 24, labium, dorsal view; 25, maxilla, dorsal view; 26, antenna, dorsal view. Figures 18 – 21, 26 and 22 – 25 respectively, in the same scale.

FIGURES 27 – 31. Phygopoda fugax Thomson, 1864, female. 27 – 30, head: 27, dorsal view; 28, frontal view; 29, lateral view; 30, ventral view; 31, antenna, dorsal view. All drawings in the same scale.

FIGURES 32 – 35. Phygopoda fugax Thomson, 1864, male. 32 – 35, prothorax: 32, dorsal view; 33, lateral view; 34, ventral view; 35, posterior view. pe = proendosternite. All drawings in the same scale.

FIGURES 36 – 40. Phygopoda fugax Thomson, 1864, male. 36, mesosternum and metasternum, ventral view; 37, mesendosternite, ventral view; 38, metendosternite, dorsal view; 39, elytra, dorsal view; 40, posterior wing. a = arm; A = Anal; C = Costa; Cu = Cubitus; la = lamina; AM = Anterior Media; me = mesendosternite; PM = Posterior Media; P = Plical; R = Radius; Sc = Subcosta. All drawings in the same scale.

FIGURES 41 – 52. Phygopoda fugax Thomson, 1864, male. 41 – 44, anterior leg: 41, femur; 42, tibia; 43 – 44, tarsus. 45 – 48, median leg: 45, femur; 46, tibia; 47 – 48, tarsus. 49 – 52, posterior leg: 49, femur; 50, tíbia; 51 – 52, tarsus. Figures 41 – 48 and 49 – 52 respectively, in the same scale.

FIGURES 53 – 62. Phygopoda fugax Thomson, 1864, male. 53, abdomen, ventral view; 54, tergite VIII; 55, sternite VIII; 56, ventral arch. 57 – 59, tegmen: 57, dorsal view; 58, lateral view; 59, ventral view. 60 – 62, median lobe: 60, dorsal view; 61, lateral view; 62, ventral view. All drawings in the same scale.

FIGURES 63 – 67. Phygopoda fugax Thomson, 1864, female. 63, abdomen, ventral view; 64 – 65, female genitalia: 64, ventral view; 65, dorsal view; 66, sternite VIII; 67, tergite VIII. All drawings in the same scale.

FIGURES 74 – 81. Color variation of integument in Pseudophygopoda albitarsis (Klug, 1825) comb. nov., as originally identified. 74 – 75, Pseudophygopoda albitarsis comb. nov.: 74, female holotype; 75, male. 76 – 78, Epimelitta viridimicans Fisher, 1952 (junior synonym of Pseudophygopoda albitarsis): 76 – 77, male; 78, female holotype. 79 – 80, Paraphygopoda longipennis (Zajciw, 1963) (junior synonym of Pseudophygopoda albitarsis): 79, male holotype; 80, male. 81 (from Clarke, 2014: 352, fig. 5), male holotype of Paraphygopoda nappae Clarke, 2014 (junior synonym of Pseudophygopoda albitarsis).

FIGURES 82 – 90. Pseudophygopoda albitarsis (Klug, 1825) comb. nov., male. 82, tergite VIII; 83, sternite VIII; 84, ventral arch. 85 – 87, tegmen: 85, dorsal view; 86, lateral view; 87, ventral view. 88 – 90, median lobe: 88, dorsal view; 89, lateral view; 90, ventral view. All drawings in the same scale.

FIGURES 91 – 94. Pseudophygopoda albitarsis (Klug, 1825) comb. nov., female. 91, sternite VIII; 92, tergite VIII; 93 – 94, female genitalia: 93, dorsal view; 94, ventral view. All drawings in the same scale.