Grovesia castacensis, (STEWART, 1926 [1927]) (Stewart, 1926)

Groves, Lindsey & Squires, Richard L., 2023, Revision of northeast Pacific Paleogene cypraeoidean gastropods, including recognition of three new species: implications for paleobiogeographic distribution and faunal turnover, PaleoBios 40 (10), pp. 1-52 : 28-31

GROVESIA CASTACENSIS ( STEWART, 1926 [1927]) N. COMB.

FIGS. 8M–P , 9A–B

Cypraea (Luponia) bayerquei Gabb, 1869 . pp. 163, 164, 225 [as C. (L.) Bayerquei ]; pl. 27, figs. 43a–c [in part]. Cooper, 1888. p. 280 [in part]. Arnold, 1906. p. 15. Not Eocypraea bayerquei ( Gabb, 1869) .

Cypraea bayerquei Gabb. Whiteaves, 1895, p. 128 [as Cypraea Bayerquei ]. Dickerson, 1915. pp. 43, 60, pl. 6, figs. 4a, 4b. Dickerson, 1916. pp. 421, 432, 448 [in part]. Anderson and Hanna, 1925. pp. 43, 105–107 [in part]. Not Eocypraea bayerquei ( Gabb, 1869) .

Cypraea castacensis Stewart, 1926 [1927]. p. 370; pl. 28, fig. 10. (New name for Cypraea bayerquei Gabb, 1869 , [not Gabb, 1864]). Ingram, 1942. p. 103; pl. 8, fig. 5 [= Bernaya kaylinae , n. sp.], fig. 6 [= Eocypraea sp. , cf. E. inflata ( Lamarck, 1802) ]. Keen and Bentson, 1944. p. 151–152 [in part]. Ingram, 1947a. pp. 88, 89 [in part]. Ingram, 1947b. p. 144, 145. Squires, 1984. pp. 23, 24, fig. 7b [= Bernaya kaylinae n. sp. paratype].

Eocypraea (Eocypraea) bayerquei castacensis (Stewart). Schilder, 1932. p. 214 [as E. (E.) bayerquei castacensis ]. Schilder and Schilder, 1971. pp. 67 [as Eocypraea (Eocypraea) bay . castacensis ], 103.

Eocypraea castacensis (Stewart) . Vokes, 1939. p. 154, pl. 20, fig. 9 [= Bernaya kaylinae n. sp.], fig. 14 [= Eocypraea sp. , cf. E. inflata ( Lamarck, 1802) ]. Fehse, 2001. p. 20. Groves and Squires, 2021. pp. 226 (as Cypraea ), 222, 232 (as Eocypraea (E.) sp., cf. Eocypraea (E.) castacensis ).

Eocypraea (Eocypraea) castacensis ( Stewart, 1926 [1927]). Schilder, 1941. p. 103. Groves, 1992. p. 106. Groves, 1993. p. 11. Groves, 2011. p. 46 (table 1).

Sulcocypraea mathewsonii ( Gabb, 1869) . Squires and Groves, 1993. pp. 83, 84, figs. 2–4. Groves, 1994a. p. 247. Nesbitt, 1998. p. 13, pl. 1, fig. 13 (fig. oriented upside down). Not C. mathewsonii [= G. castacensis ( Stewart, 1926 [1927])].

Grovesia mathewsonii (Gabb) . Dolin and Pacaud, 2009. p. 289. Not G. mathewsonii [= G. castacensis ( Stewart, 1926 [1927]).

Eocypraea (Eocypraea) castacensis ( Stewart, 1926 [1927]). Squires, 2000. p. 896 [not G. castacensis ( Stewart, 1926 [1927)] [= Subepona leahae n. sp.].

Eocypraea bayerquei castacensis (Stewart) . Fehse, 2021. p. 42.

Holotype and Type Locality— UCMP 11690 (= figured specimen of Dickerson, 1915, pl. 6, figs. 4a, 4b) ( Figs. 8M–O ), length 12.2 mm, width 7.4 mm, height 5.9 mm. UCMP Locality 452, Tejon Formation (Metralla Member), Grapevine Creek , Kern County, southern California.

Referred Specimens—Hypotype (of Gabb, 1869) ANSP 4211 and of Stewart (1926 [1927]), p. 370, pl. 28, fig. 10) lost ( Groves and Squires, 2018: p. 67). Hypotype (of Squires and Groves, 1993, figs. 2–4; as Sulcocypraea mathewsonii ) UWBM 22052, Tukwilla Formation, Poverty Hill, King County, Washington. Hypotype (of Nesbitt, 1998, pl, 1, fig. 13; as Sulcocypraea mathewsonii ) UWBM 78021, Tukwilla Formation, King County, Washington. Hypotype (herein) LACMIP 41206.2, LACMIP Type 14941 ( Figs. 8P , 9A–B ), LACMIP Locality 41206 [ex CSUN Locality 1206], Tejon Formation, base of Metralla Sandstone Member, Liveoak Canyon, Kern County, southern California. Additional specimens include one specimen ( LACMIP 41202.27 , LACMIP Type 14944) from LACMIP Locality 41202 [ex CSUN Locality 1202], basal Tejon Formation , Edmonston Pumping Plant , Kern County California, three specimens ( LACMIP 16856.2 , LACMIP Type 14942) LACMIP Locality 16856, Juncal Formation , Lockwood Valley , Ventura County , California, and an additional specimen from the Tejon Formation , Grapevine Canyon , Kern County , California ( LACMIP Locality 12492). The aforementioned specimens from LACMIP Locality 16856 [= unpublished locality of Hartman (1957)] are indeed G. castacensis but the exact locality information cannot be verified with confidence and they noted here for the record. A single uncatalogued LACMIP specimen of G. castacensis with scant locality data of “San Diego area” from the Sternberg Collection (ex UCLA) was also examined .

Occurrence— Middle to middle upper Eocene, Washington and southern California. “Tejon Stage” (lower to middle part): “Tejon Group,” (undifferentiated as to member), Martinez area, Contra Costa County, northern California ( Stewart, 1926 [1927]). Tejon Formation, base of Metralla Sandstone Member of Tejon Formation, Turritella uvasana sargeanti Anderson and Hanna, 1925 “zone,” Live Oak Canyon, Tehachapi Mountains, Kern County, southern California (new information). “Tejon Stage” (upper part): Tukwila Formation, near Seattle, western King County, Washington ( Squires and Groves 1993; Nesbitt 1998). Lower Galvinian Stage: Discovery Bay, Jefferson County, Washington ( Durham 1944).

Etymology— Originally named for Castac Lake/Castac Valley area, just east of Lebec, Kern County, southern California. [Note: Castac Lake is not the same geographic feature as Castaic Lake, Los Angeles County].

Description— Shell small to medium in size. Shell noticeably lenticular lengthwise, with same-shaped sides (not with lob-sided outer lip), somewhat flattened dorsally, smooth. Denticulation on outer lip much coarser and more closely spaced than that on inner lip.

Remarks— At least seven specimens of G. castacensis are known and undoubtedly many others exist in stratigraphic collections. Preservation is usually moderate to good. Grovesia castacensis , which is an uncommon species, was formerly reported by most previous workers as belonging to the eocypraeid genus Eocypraea Cossmann, 1903 . Poorly preserved specimens of NEP Eocene cypraeoideans have been commonly misidentified as Grovesia castacensis , as reviewed in the following paragraphs.

Squires (1984: pp. 23, 24, fig. 7b) reported a specimen of Cypraea castacensis from LACMIP Locality 40374 [ex CSUN Locality 374], which is in the mappable unit referred to as “Stewart bed” of the Llajas Formation, Llajas Canyon, on north side of Simi Valley, Ventura County, southern California, but this occurrence is incorrect. The only cypraeoideans found at that particular locality are the new species Subepona leahae and Bernaya kaylinae , both of which described and named in this present report.

Squires (2008: fig. 20) reported a very partial specimen identified as Eocypraea (E.) sp., cf. E. (E.) castacensis from the upper lower Eocene Juncal Formation ( LACM 13421.10, LACMIP Type 13421) ( LACMIP Locality 17848) in Elsmere Canyon, Los Angeles County, southern California. Although this specimen is too incomplete for reliable identification as to any species, the small size of the columellar teeth are unlike those of Grovesia castacensis and is unlikely to be this species.

A questionable occurrence of Eocypraea (Eocypraea) cf. E. castacensis ( Stewart, 1926 [1927]) was reported by ( Perrilliat et al. 2003: pl. 2, figs. 39, 40) from the undifferentiated middle Eocene San Juan Formation, Chiapas, southern México. This specimen (hypotype IHN 5458) superficially resembles G. castacensis , but poor preservation prevents confirmation of its identification.

Grovesia castacensis is similar morphologically to G. ganensis ( Dolin and Ledon, 2002: figs. 1A, 1B) from lower Eocene (Ypresian) strata in Gan, Pyrénées-Atlantiques Department, France and G. nogrolensis Dolin and Pacaud (2009: pl. 5, figs. 4–7) from middle Eocene (lower Lutetian) strata in Cava Albanello di Nogarole Vicentino, Vicenza Prov., northeastern Italy. Grovesia castacensis differs by having much fewer yet stronger outer lip teeth.

Figures

Figure 8A–C. Eocypraea novasumma (Nelson, 1925), Santa Susana Formation (Paleocene, Thanetian Stage), Runkle Canyon, north side Simi Hills, Ventura County, southern California. Basal (A), dorsal (B), and right-labral (C) views, 3.2x, length 17 mm, width 11.6 mm, height 9.3 mm, of holotype UCMP 30499, UCMP Locality 4776. D–F. Eocypraea takeosusukii Groves, 2011, “Martinez” Formation (Paleocene, Thanetian), Lower Lake area, Lake County, northern California. Basal (D), dorsal (E), and left-lateral (columellar) views, 2.6x, length 18.8 mm, width 14.4 mm, height 11.2 mm, of holotype LACMIP 7045.1, LACMIP Type 13645, LACMIP Locality 7045 [ex CIT Locality 1580]. G–I. Eocypraea sp., cf. E. inflata (Lamarck, 1802), “Domengine Formation” (Eocene, “Domen- gine Stage”), Reef Ridge, Kings County, central California. Basal (G), dorsal (H), and right (labral) (I) views, 1.8x, length 26 mm, width 17.7 mm, height 13 mm, of hypotype UCMP 15815, Locality UCMP A-1282. J–L. Eocypraea sp. Lodo Formation (basal part) (Paleocene, Thanetian Stage), Tumey Hills, Fresno County, central California. Basal (J), dorsal (K), and right (labral) (L) views, 1.5x, length 33 mm, width 21.5 mm, height 19 mm, of hypotype CASG 61666.04 [ex LSJU 10236], CASG Locality 61666 [ex LSJU Locality 2073; = UCMP Locality A-9717]. M–P. Grovesia castacensis (Stewart, 1926 [1927]), Tejon Formation (Eocene, “Tejon Stage”), Tehachapi Mountains, Kern County, southern California. Basal (M), dorsal (N), and left (columellar) (O) views, 4.5x, length 12.2 mm, width 7.8 mm, height 5.9 mm, of holotype UCMP 11690, Grapevine Canyon, UCMP Locality 452. Basal (P) view, 3.4x, length 15.5 mm, width 9.1 mm, height 6.9 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 41206.2, LACMIP Type 14941, base of Metralla Sandstone Member, Live Oak Canyon, LACMIP Locality 41206.

Figure 9A–B. Grovesia castacensis (Stewart, 1926 [1927]), Tejon Formation (Eocene, “Tejon Stage”), Tehachapi Mountains, Kern County, southern California. Dorsal (A) and left (columellar) (B) views, 3.4x, length 15.5 mm, width 9.1 mm, height 6.9 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 41206.2, LACMIP Type 14941, base of Metralla Sandstone Member, Live Oak Canyon, LACMIP Locality 41206 [ex CSUN Locality 1206]. C–L. Grovesia mathewsonii (Gabb, 1869), Muir Sandstone (Eocene, “Domengine Stage” to “Tejon Stage”), near Martinez, Contra Costa County, northern California. Basal (C), dorsal (D), right (labral) views, 1x, length 10.7 mm, width 7.5 mm, height 4.7 mm, of holotype ANSP 4217. F–G. Basal (F) [as published] and dorsal (G) views, 2.9x, length 17.9 mm, width 11.6 mm, of holotype CASG 245.02 [ex CAS 816] of Cypraea kerniana Anderson and Hanna, 1925, Tejon Formation (Eocene, “Tejon Stage”) Grapevine Canyon, Kern County, southern California. H–J. Basal (H), dorsal (I), left (columellar), (J) left (columellar) views, 2.7x, length 14.6 mm, width 10.8 mm, height 7.8 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 7155.9, LACMIP type 14930, Tejon Formation, Grapevine Canyon, LACMIP Locality 7155, Kern County, southern California. K-L. Basal (K), dorsal (L) views, 3.9x, length 14 mm, width 10.3 mm, of hypotype UCMP 30903, UCMP Locality 5085, Ardath Shale (Eocene, “Domengine Stage”), San Diego County, southern California. M–P. Luponovula maniobraensis (Squires and Advocate, 1986), (M–O). Maniobra Formation (Eocene, “Capay Stage”), Orocopia Mountains, Riverside County, southern California. Basal (M), dorsal (N), and right (labral) (O) views, 1.3x, length 39.6 mm, width 22.8 mm, height 21.2 mm, of holotype LACMIP 10566.4, LACMIP Type 10566 [ex UCLA 48431], LACMIP Locality 23779. (P). Basal view, Llajas Formation (Eocene, “Capay Stage”), north side Simi Valley, Ventura County, southern California, 2.1x, length 26.6 mm, width 15.8 mm, height 10.9 mm, of hypotype LACMIP 40491.1, LACMIP Type 14945 (LACMIP Locality 40491 [ex CSUN Locality 491]).