Carduus hamulosus, Ehrh.

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1976, Flora Europaea. Volume 4. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae), Cambridge University Press : 226

23. C. hamulosus Ehrh. , Beitr. Naturk. 7: 166 (1792)

( C. seminudus auct. eur., non Bieb. ex Willd.).

Biennial up to 100 cm. Stem sparsely arachnoid-hairy; wings up to 5 mm, undulate, with wide, triangular lobes with an apical spine up to 2-5 mm. Leaves oblanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, sparsely hairy above, moredensely hairy beneath, with 8-10 pairs of distant, oblong, sublobulate lobes, each with an apical spine up to 2 mm. Capitula 25-40 mm in diameter, subglobose, mostly on peduncles up to 10 cm and 2-5 mm in diameter, which terminate long simple branches; involucral bracts usually recurved in an S-shape, 1-1-5 mm wide, linear-subulate, smooth, with araised mid-vein throughout their length; inner bracts 1| times as long as the inner middle bracts, deflexed at apex, purplish, veinless, puberulent. Corolla 18-25 mm. Achenes 3-4 mm, compressed, minutely verruculose; apical prominence sessile, truncate-globose, entire; pappus 13-15 mm. Dry grassland and waste places. S.E. & E.C. Europe. Bu?Cz Gr Hu Ju Rm Rs (W, K, E).