Xanthium strumarium, L.

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1976, Flora Europaea. Volume 4. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae), Cambridge University Press : 143

1. X. strumarium L. , Sp. Pl. 987 (1753).

Stem 20-120 cm, sometimes more, usually branched, unarmed. Leaves longpetiolate; lamina broadly ovate to triangular, with a cordate or rarely cuneate base, entire, or with 3-5 wide, coarsely serrate lobes, green and with short, stiff hairs on both surfaces. Capitula in axillary clusters and sometimes also in a terminal, leafless inflorescence, the male above the female. Involucre in fruit with straight or hooked spines and distinct beaks. River-banks, lakeshores, pastures and disturbed ground. E., C. & S. Europe", casual in the north and west. Al Au Az BI Bu Co Cr Cz Ga Ge Gr He Hs Hu It Ju Lu Po Rm Rs (B, C, W, K, E) Sa Si Tu.