DIPSACACEAE

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1976, Flora Europaea. Volume 4. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae), Cambridge University Press : 56

CLXVII. DIPSACACEAE 1

Annual to perennial herbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves opposite or verticillate, exstipulate. Florets in a dense, cymose capitulum subtended by involucral bracts, often with marginal flowers radiate, rarely in a spike of verticillasters. Florets hermaphrodite or female, usually zygomorphic, each with a basal epicalyx (involucel) of connate bracteoles which may be expanded distally into a corona, often subtended by a receptacular scale. Calyx small, cupuliform or divided into 4-5 teeth or of numerous teeth or setae. Corolla-lobes 4-5, subequal, or corolla 2-lipped. Stamens 2 or 4, epipetalous, alternating with corolla-lobes. Ovary inferior, 1 -locular; ovule 1, pendent; stigma simple or 2-lobed. Fruit dry, indéhiscent, enclosed in epicalyx and often surmounted by persistent calyx; seed 1, endospermic, with straight embryo.

1 Inflorescence a spike of verticillasters 1. Morina 1 Inflorescence of 1 or more capitula

2 Stems with prickles 3. Dipsacus 2 Stemswithoutprickles

3 Involucralbractsconnateinbasalhalf;calyx-setaepresent only in central florets of capitulum 10. Pycnocomon 3 Involucralbractsfree;calyx-setaepresentorabsentinall florets

4 Calyx-setae plumose

5 Fruiting involucel with longitudinal furrows running the whole length 7. Pterocephalus

5 Fruiting involucel with 8 pits in distal half, furrowed below

9. Tremastelma 4 Calyx-setae absent or, if present, not plumose 6 Calyx-setae or -teeth (6—)8—16(—24); receptacle hairy,

without scales 6. Knautia 6 Calyx-setae or - teeth 4-5 or absent; receptacle nothairy,

with scales 7 Marginal florets radiate; corolla 5-lobed 8. Scabiosa 7 Marginal and central florets subequal; corolla 4-lobed

8 Involucral bracts in more than 3 rows 2. Cephalaria

8 Involucral bracts in 1-3 rows

9 Calyx-setae 4-5; involucel angled 4. Succisa

9 Calyx-setae absent; involucel ± terete 5. Succisella