Phyteuma L.

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1976, Flora Europaea. Volume 4. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae), Cambridge University Press : 95-96

9. Phyteuma L. 2

Perennial herbs. Stock thick, fleshy. Stem simple, leafy. Leaves undivided. Inflorescence solitary, usually densely capitate or spicate, subtended by an involucre of often conspicuous bracts. Flowers sessile or subsessile, (4-)5-merous, solitary in the axils of bracteoles. Corolla deeply lobed; lobes narrowly linear, at first coherent in the upper 0.5, later patent. Filaments greatly widened at base. Stigmas 2-3(-4). Capsule globose, dehiscing by 2-3 pores near the middle.

Literature: R. Schulz, Monographische Bearbeitung der Gattung Phyteuma . Geisenheim a. Rh. 1904.

1 Flowers 4-merous 7. tetramerum 1 Flowers 5-merous

2 Stem flexuous; basalleavesorbicular,rarelyreniform; most cauline leaves rounded or cordate at base 12. cordatimi 2 Stem usuallystraight; basalleaveslineartoobovate,rarely orbicular; cauline leaves all narrowed at base or only the lowest cordate

3 Flowers in ovoid or cylindrical spikes

4 Corolla nearly straight in bud; basal leaves (2-)3-many times as long as wide; bracts inconspicuous

5 All or nearly all flowers with 3 stigmas; seeds 0-4 x 0-2 mm

11. betonicifolium 5 Allor nearlyall flowerswith2 stigmas;seeds 0- 7x 0- 3 mm

(8-10). michelii group 4 Corollacurved in bud; basal leaves as long to twice as long as wide; bracts conspicuous

6 Middle and upper cauline leaves with greatly reduced lamina; lower cauline leaves narrowed at base

7 Basal leaves 3-5 cm, present at anthesis; cauline leaves not crowded, ± horizontal 5. nigrum 7 Basal leaves 2-2- 5 cm, mostly absent at anthesis; cauline leaves crowded, suberect 6. gallicum 6 Middle and upper cauline leaves with well-developed lamina; lower cauline leaves cordate at base

8 Corolla whitish to pale yellowish-green or blue, somewhat curved in bud; stigmas yellow, yellowish-brown or blue 1. spicatum 8 Corolla bluish to violet-black, strongly curved in bud; stigmas dark brown to violet-brown or blue

9 Basal leaves mostly absent at anthesis; corolla bluish

3. pyrenaicum 9 Basal leaves mostly present at anthesis; corolla blackish-violet

10 Basal leaves subobtuse, crenate-serrate; inflorescence often subglobose 2. vagneri 10 Basal leaves subacute, serrate; inflorescence ovoid to cylindrical 4. ovatum 3 Flowers in globose capitula

11 Basalandlowercaulineleavesabout aswideaslong, deeply cordate 2. vagneri 11 Basalandlowercaulineleavesmostlylongerthanwide, rarely deeply cordate

12 Basal leaves linear, Ungulate or spathulate, cuneately narrowed at base

13 Leaves widest near the apex

14 Basal leaves ±long-petiolate; all leaves thin

19. hemisphaericum 14 Basal leaves shortly petiolate to sessile; all leaves rather thick

15 Leaves linear to oblong-spathulate, the apex projecting well beyond the uppermost pair of teeth

24. confusimi 15 Leaves usually obovate to oblanceolate, the apex not projecting beyond the uppermost pair of teeth, or leaves entire 22. globulariifolium 13 Leaves widest near the middle

16 Bracts linear-lanceolate to linear, acute, usually denticulate 20. hedraianthifolium 16 Bracts ovate to lanceolate, acuminate

17 Bracts long-acuminate, often longer than the inflorescence, often serrate at base 21. humile 17 Bracts shortly acuminate, usually shorter than the inflorescence, rarely with few, obtuse teeth at base

19. hemisphaericum 12 Basal leaves lanceolate to ovate, usually rounded to cordate at base

18 Basal leaves gradually narrowed into the petiole

19 Corolla strongly curved in bud 13. orbiculare 19 Corolla nearly straight in bud

20 Bracts lanceolate to ovate, usually not or little longer than the inflorescence 18. serratum 20 Bracts linear, one or more usually much longer than the inflorescence 16. scheuchzeri 18 At least some basal leaves rounded or cordate at base

21 Bracts lanceolate to linear, usually longer than the inflorescence

22 Corolla nearly straight in bud; stigmas 3 16. scheuchzeri 22 Corolla distinctly curved in bud; stigmas 2 17. charmelii 21 Bracts ovate to lanceolate with a wide base, usually not longer than the inflorescence 23 Bracts ovate-lanceolate, ± acuminate; cauline leaves lanceolate 13. orbiculare

23 Bracts broadly ovate to suborbicular, often cordate at base; cauline leaves ovate-lanceolate to ovate or obovate

24 Stems 2-8 cm; inflorescence with 4-6 flowers; cauline leaves obovate 23. rupicola

24 Stems (2-)5-50 cm; inflorescence with 5-many flowers; cauline leaves ovate-lanceolate to ovate

25 Bracts ovate; upper cauline leaves sessile 15. sieberi

25 Bracts broadly ovate; upper cauline leaves±petiolate 14. pseudorbiculare