Galium parisiense, L.

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1976, Flora Europaea. Volume 4. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae), Cambridge University Press : 35-36

139. G. parisiense L. , Sp. Pl. 108 (1753) .

Stems 5-40 cm, procumbent to ascending, somewhat scrambling, retrorsely aculeolate, rough. Leaves 3-12 x 0-8-3 mm, in whorls of 5-7, lanceolate, shortly awned, pubescent or glabrous, the margin and midrib antrorsely scabrid; margin not or slightly revolute. Inflorescence oblong, narrowly ovoid to pyramidal; partial inflorescences with 7—11 (—16) flowers at the 2 nodes below the central flower; peduncles 2-7 mm, (^-)1-3(—4) times as long as the pedicels; pedicels 0-5-2-5 mm, widely divaricate after anthesis. Corolla 0-5-1 mm in diameter, greenish inside, reddish outside, more or less glabrous; lobes acute. Fruit 0-8-1 mm, glabrous or with curved hairs, finely papillose. 2л = 44, 66. Cultivated fields, roadsides and other dry, open habitats. S., W. & C. Europe, northwards to E. England, and eastwards to S. Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria. Al Au Az Be BI Br Bu Co Cz Ga Ge He Hs Hu It Ju Lu Rm Sa Si.

Polymorphic. In S.W. Europe variants are found with few-flowered partial inflorescences and large fruits with hooked hairs ( G. decipiens Jordan, Obs. Pl. Crit. 3: 178 (1846)). In the same region populations transitional to 140 occur.