Centaurea (Jacea), (Miller) Hayek

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1976, Flora Europaea. Volume 4. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae), Cambridge University Press : 290

Subgen. Jacea (Miller) Hayek . Perennial. Lower leaves undivided or pinnately lobed; middle leaves entire or dentate, not pinnatisect. Appendages entire to fimbriate, muticous or mucronulate. Pappus present or absent. Sect, Jacea . Appendages broadly ovate or orbicular, usually covering bracts, the margin entire, lacerate, or denticulate. Pappus usually absent.