Cremastosperma pedunculatum (Diels) R.E.Fr.

Pirie, Michael D., Chatrou, Lars W. & Maas, Paul J. M., 2018, A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species, PhytoKeys 112, pp. 1-141 : 1

28. Cremastosperma pedunculatum (Diels) R.E.Fr. Fig. 38 , Map 7

Cremastosperma pedunculatum (Diels) R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 10: 48. 1930.

Aberemoa pedunculata Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 409. 1906.

Type.

PERU, San Martín: Moyobamba, 1100-1200 m a.s.l., 1906, Weberbauer, A. 4558 (holotype: B! [B 10 0242366]; isotypes: F, G! [G00237252], S! [S-R-7025]).

Description.

Tree 4-15 m tall, 8-15 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles glabrous. Leaves: petioles 4-15 by 1-3 mm; lamina elliptic to obovate or narrowly so, 12-27 by 4-10 cm (index 2-3.6), chartaceous, (dark) greyish-brown above, blackish-brown with darker veins below, glabrous above, glabrous to sparsely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.6 mm long, particularly on veins below, base acute to rounded, decurrent, apex acuminate (acumen 5-20 mm long), primary vein 1.5-2.5 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 7-13, intersecondary veins often 1-3, distance between from 5 mm at the base to 15-20 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein inconsistent, 40-60° at the base and closer to the apex, not branching, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 1-4 mm, tertiary veins more or less percurrent. Inflorescence of single flowers clustered in groups of up to 2, on leafy or leafless twigs or main trunk; peduncles 2-10 by ca. 1 mm (in flower), 5-15 by ca. 1.5 mm (in fruit), sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed golden or whitish hairs 0.1-0.4 mm long; pedicels (30 –)35–75(– 95) by ca. 1 mm at the base, to 3 mm at the apex (in flower), (30 –)55–85(– 110) by 1-1.5 mm at the base, to 3 mm at the apex (in fruit), sparsely to rather densely (at the base) covered with appressed golden or whitish hairs 0.1- 0.4 mm long or glabrous; 1-several lower bracts, elliptic, ca. 1.5 by 1 mm, acute, soon falling off, sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed golden or whitish hairs 0.1- 0.4 mm long; upper bract attached in variable position on pedicel, ovate to very broadly ovate, 1-2.5 by 1-2 mm, acute, obtuse or rounded, sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed golden or whitish hairs 0.1- 0.4 mm long or glabrous; closed flower buds very broadly ovoid to globose, opening loosely in development; flowers green, maturing to green-violet, yellow or pale cream-yellow, inner petals with purple base in vivo, dark brown or reddish-brown in sicco, sepals and petals glabrous; sepals free or connate for ca. 1 mm, broadly to very broadly ovate or broadly ovate-triangular, appressed, patent or recurved, 2.5-4 by 2.5-4 mm, obtuse, mostly persistent; outer petals elliptic to broadly elliptic, 11-17 by 7-13 mm, inner petals elliptic, obovate or narrowly so, 11-19 by 4-8 mm, obtuse or rounded, petals with prominent venation; androecium ca. 7 mm diam., stamens 1.3-1.8 mm long, connective appendage 0.5-0.8 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 1.5 mm diam., carpels 2-2.2 mm long. Monocarps 3-27, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, asymmetrical, 12-17 by 10-12 mm, green (immature) in vivo, black, dark brown or reddish-brown in sicco, with an excentric apicule; stipes 11-21 by 1.5-2 mm; fruiting receptacle 4-10 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. Seeds ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, reddish-brown, pitted, ca. 10 by 7 mm, raphe sunken, regular.

Distribution.

Ecuador (Zamora-Chinchipe), Peru (San Martín, Cajamarca). Two collections of less certain affinity have been made further north in Ecuador (Pastaza, Morona-Santiago) and one in Colombia ( Caquetá).

Habitat and ecology.

Premontane and montane primary and secondary forest, sometimes inundated, mainly on soils with calcareous bedrock. At elevations of 850-1800 m (except the single specimen collected in Pastaza (Ecuador) at 360 m). Flowering: July, October-December; fruiting February, July, October and December.

Notes.

The pedicels of Cremastosperma pedunculatum are unusually long in the genus, similar to those of C. bullatum (distinguished by the bullate appearance of the leaves and dense, long, indument on most parts) and only exceeded by C. longipes (from the western side of the Andes and with larger leaves) and C. dolichopodum (from further south in Peru). Cremastosperma pedunculatum is otherwise similar to C. alticola , which also occurs at higher elevations in northern Peru and Ecuador (albeit much less frequently collected), differing from C. alticola by the presence of indument on the (longer) pedicels, lack of branching inflorescences and stipes as long as or longer than monocarps.

The holotype of Guatteria socialis J.F.Macbr., C. Schunke 395, was determined by Diels (1931) as C. pedunculatum although he deliberately omitted placing G. socialis in synonymy under C. pedunculatum , citing differences in the reported growth form. The type is reported by the collector to be a liana. This has not been recorded for any other collections of C. pedunculatum (although it is reported for the type specimen of C. oblongum ). In addition, the collection was made in the central Peruvian department of Junin, much further south than the known distribution of C. pedunculatum (in northern Peru and Ecuador). A photo of the holotype (not the specimen itself) was made available to the authors. The collection appears to be of a Cremastosperma (the leaves with a raised primary vein), but includes only immature buds. Although Maas et al. (Maas, Mennega & Westra 1994; Maas et al. 2015) have listed G. socialis as a taxonomic synonym of C. pedunculatum , we consider the available evidence insufficient to assign this specimen to a particular species in Cremastosperma .

Preliminary conservation status.

Cremastosperma pedunculatum occurs over a relatively wide area including within protected areas in Ecuador. Least concern [LC] (Table 1 ).

Selected specimens examined.

COLOMBIA. Caquetá: Florencia, 1°36'N, 75°37'W, 1400-1440 m a.s.l., 10 Nov 1993, J.G. Ramírez et al. 4881 (MO). ECUADOR. Morona-Santiago: Cordillera de Huaracayo, Río Coangos, 3°15'44"S, 78°12'01"W, 1380 m a.s.l., 25 Mar 2001, Neill & Manzanares 13201 (U); E of Macas, 2°21'S, 77°59'W, 700-1400 m a.s.l., 24 Aug 1996, Stahl et al. 2931 (AAU). Pastaza: Río Acaro, 1°23'S, 77°25'W, 360 m a.s.l., 19 Jan 1998, Neill et al. 11065 (AAU, MO, QCNE, WAG). Santiago-Zamora: without precise locality, 2°40'S, 78°00'W, 450-550 m a.s.l., 17 Nov 1944, Camp E 1311 (NY). Zamora-Chinchipe: San Francisco Scientific Station, 3°58'S, 79°04'W, 1900 m a.s.l., 21 Nov 1998, X. Cornejo & Bonifaz 6702 (AAU, U); Nangaritza, 4°15'S, 78°39'W, 1000 m a.s.l., 12 Mar 2017, X. Cornejo et al. 9000 (L); Río Nangaritza, Shaimi, 4°19'S, 78°40'W, 985 m a.s.l., 6 Nov 2004, Homeier et al. 1489 (MO); Parque Nacional Podocarpus, Bombuscaro entrance, 4°07'S, 78°58'W, 1050 m a.s.l., 27 Jan 2009, Homeier et al. 4173 (WAG); Río Nangaritza, 4°20'S, 78°40'W, 1000 m a.s.l., 7 Dec 1990, Neill 9589 (MO, QCNE, U); Río Nangaritza, Miazi, 4°16'S, 78°42'W, 930 m a.s.l., 26 Oct 1991, Palacios et al. 8646 (COL, F, QCNE, U); Cordillera del Condór, 4°16'54"S, 78°36'00"W, 900 m a.s.l., 27 Jul 2003, Quizhpe et al. 671 (MO, U); Parque Nacional Podocarpus, 4°39'50"S, 79°07'00"W, 1050-1250 m a.s.l., 12 Jul 1990, Rome et al. 1014 (MO, QCNE, U). PERU. Cajamarca: San Ignacio, 5°18'30"S, 78°43'00"W, 1350 m a.s.l., 23 Jul 1997, Campos et al. 4268 (USM); Distr. Huarango, Caserio Nuevo Mundo, 5°10'S, 78°32'W, 1500-1600 m a.s.l., 21 Jul 1997, E. Rodríguez & P. Reyes 1758 (F, HUT, U). San Martín: Prov. Ríoja, Venceremos, Rioja-Pomacocha road, 5°45'S, 77°40'W, 1850 m a.s.l., 11 Feb 1984, Gentry et al. 45355 (MO); Prov. Ríoja, Pedro Ruíz-Moyobamba road, 5°50'S, 77°45'W, 1770-2150 m a.s.l., 5 Aug 1983, D.N. Smith & S. Vasquez 4611 (MO, U); Prov. Ríoja (locality unknown), 6°08'S, 77°18'W, 1500-1640 m a.s.l., 2 Jul 1998, I. Sánchez et al. 9615 (F).

Figures

Map 7. Distribution of Cremastosperma megalophyllum R. E. Fr.; C. microcarpum R. E. Fr.; C. pedunculatum (Diels) R. E. Fr.; and C. peruvianum R. E. Fr.

Figure 38. Cremastosperma pedunculatum (Diels) R. E. Fr. a flowering twig b receptacle, illustrating insertion of carpels c carpel with single apical / lateral ovule (a-c Weberbauer 4558, reproduced from Fries (1930).