Eumenes pomiformis (Fabricius, 1781)

van Achterberg, Cornelis, Smit, John T. & Ljubomirov, Toshko, 2023, Review of the European Eumenes Latreille (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) using morphology and DNA barcodes, with an illustrated key to species, ZooKeys 1143, pp. 93-163 : 93

Eumenes pomiformis (Fabricius, 1781)

Figs 1b , 150-158 , 159-169

Vespa pomiformis Fabricius, 1781: 467.

Eumenes pomiformis pomiformis ; Gusenleitner 1972: 99-100, 1997: 144, 1999: 573; Borsato and Turrisi 2004: 145.

Eumenes pomiformis ; Tobias and Kurzenko 1978: 160; Vergés Serra 1985: 147; Giordani Soika and Borsato 1995: 7; Sanza 1997: 458; Castro 1997: 4; Schmid-Egger and Schmidt 2002: 18; Schmid-Egger 2004: 73, 2010: 23; Borsato 2006: 143; Castro and Sanza 2009: 266; Arens 2012: 486-487; Gusenleitner 2013: 28; Neumeyer 2014: 367, 2019: 269; Baldock et al. 2020: 44; Gogala 2022: 29-30; Cassar et al. 2022: 207-208.

Eumenes (Eumenes) pomiformis ; van der Vecht and Fischer 1972: 131-132 (literature before 1972); Castro 1992: 25; Gereys 2016: 135-136; Fateryga 2017: 182, 2018: 207-208; Dal Pos et al. 2022: 16.

Vespa histrio ? Vespa histrio de Villers, 1789: 282-283. Type series lost.

Eumenes Eumenes histrio ? Eumenes (Eumenes) histrio ; van der Vecht and Fischer 1972: 134 (as unidentified species).

Eumenis (sic!) Eumenis mediterranea var. heri Kriechbaumer, 1879: 88; van der Vecht and Fischer 1972: 131 (as synonym of E. pomiformis ); Gereys 2016: 135 (id.); Fateryga 2017: 182 (id.).

Eumenes fastidiosissimus Giordani Soika, 1943: 29; van der Vecht and Fischer 1972: 131 (as synonym of E. pomiformis ); Gusenleitner 1972: 99 (id.); Gereys 2016: 135 (id.); Fateryga 2017: 182 (id.).

Eumenes pomiformis turcicus Giordani Soika, 1952: 367; van der Vecht and Fischer 1972: 132 (holotype, but part of paratypes belong to E. lunulatus ); Gusenleitner 1972: 101, 2013: 28 (as synonym of E. pomiformis ); Gereys 2016: 135 (id.); Fateryga 2017: 182 (id.).

Notes.

The female lectotype of E. pomiformis was examined digitally by photographs kindly supplied by Sree Gayathree Selvantharan and Lars Vilhelmsen (NHMD), as the male holotype of E. heri (photographs kindly supplied by Stephan and Olga Schmidt (ZSM)). The latter has the apical hook of the antenna less flattened than figured in Fig. 169 . Unfortunately, the male lectotype of E. fastidiossimus deposited in Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Venezia (see Giordani Soika 1973) could not be found. Traditionally, E. fastidiosissimus is synonymised with E. pomiformis (e.g., Gusenleitner 1972; van der Vecht and Fischer 1972) which is not contradicted by the (incomplete) original description.

Distribution.

One of the common species in S Europe, reaching Germany (but very rarely collected) and Belarus. Known from Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, and Malta ( Gereys 2016; Cassar et al. 2022). In southern Switzerland this fairly common species occurs up to 1600 m ( Neumeyer 2019) and up to 1900 m in Greece ( Arens 2012). Outside Europe known from Tunisia, Lebanon, Turkey, and China. The report from India ( Kumar et al. 2017) is doubtful because of the differences in the shape of the first tergite.

Figures

Figure 1. Showing dark (1 a) and pale (1 b) type of species 1 a Eumenes coronatus (Panzer), female, Finland, habitus lateral 1 b E. pomiformis (Fabricius), female, Bulgaria, habitus dorsal. Photographs: C. van Achterberg.

Figures 150 - 158. Eumenes pomiformis (Fabricius), Bulgaria, female 150 metasoma lateral 151 first metasomal tergite dorsal 152 first tergite ventral 153 mesosoma dorsal 154 hind tarsal claws 155 head anterior 156 head and pronotum lateral 157 second tergite latero-dorsal 158 antenna anterior.

Figures 159 - 169. Eumenes pomiformis (Fabricius), Italy, male 159 metasoma lateral 160 first metasomal tergite dorsal 161 first tergite ventral 162 head and mesosoma lateral 163 second tergite dorso-lateral 164 antenna 165 head anterior 166 head and mesosoma lateral 167 head and mesosoma dorsal 168 hind femur and tibia lateral 169 apical hook of antenna lateral.