Tulipa kaufmanniana Regel

Tojibaev, Komiljon, Dekhkonov, Davron, Ergashov, Ibrokhimjon, Sun, Hang, Deng, Tao & Yusupov, Ziyoviddin, 2022, The synopsis of the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Uzbekistan, Phytotaxa 573 (2), pp. 163-214 : 193-194

4.1. Tulipa kaufmanniana Regel in Gartenflora 26: 194, t. 906 figs 6–11 (1877).

Type:— UZBEKISTAN. In Turkestaniae montibus fluvium Tschirtschik adjacentibus, A. Regel ( LE!) .

Description:—Bulb varies in shape and size, commonly ovoid, sometimes elongated, narrow, or almost napiform, 1.5–4.0(6) cm thick; tunic blackish-brown to golden-brown, papery, the inner surface lined with appressed hairs, more densely at the apex and at the base; stem (10)20–30(50) cm long, the upper part of stem and peduncle pubescent or sometimes glabrous, often purple-tinged; leaves (2)3–4(5), spreading or deflected, scattered, glaucous, glabrous, not curled (sometimes slightly undulate), usually not exceeding the flower; basal leaf lanceolate or oblong to oblongelliptic or rarely almost orbiculate, 2–13 cm broad; flower solitary, often with a pleasant odour, widely campanulate or cup-shaped to star-shaped, very variable in colour: red, orange, yellow, white, creamy, motley yellow-red or whitered; white and red forms usually with a yellow basal blotch, yellow forms often with red W-shaped blotches; perigone segments acute to obtuse; outer segments slightly exceeding the inner segments, 2.5–8.0(11) cm long, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, in white and yellow forms dirty violet, reddish-violet, red or crimson on the back; inner segments oblong-elliptic or oblong; stamens half the length of perigone; filaments glabrous, dilated at the base and sharply pointed at the top, pale yellow to orange; anthers yellow, thin, linear, 2–4 times the length of filaments, slowly and gradually opening from apex to base and becoming twisted or strongly incurved; pollen yellow; ovary slightly shorter than stamens, with subsessile stigma; capsule yellow, oblong, 1.5–2.0 cm broad, 3–6(–9) cm long, with a prominent beak ( Fig. 10A ).

General distribution:—Western Tian-Shan ( Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan).

Distribution in Uzbekistan:—I-1 Western Tian-Shan district (I-1-a Ugam-Pskem region; I-1-b Western Chatkal region; I-1-d Kurama region).

Phenology:—Flowering: March–May; fruiting: May–August (depending on elevation).

Ecology:—Clayely and stony slopes, rock ledges, among trees and shrubs, in valleys of rivers, near melting snow, in foothills, lower and middle mountain zone, 500–2500 m a.s.l.

Etymology:—Regel named this tulip after K.P. von Kaufman, Russian military leader, who led the conquest and colonization of Central Asia. Since 1867 – Governor-General of Turkestan, commander of the troops of the Turkestan Military District.

Note:—This tulip species is the ornamental plant of the highest importance for selection of garden tulips. Rukđâns (2008) regarded plants from Kazakhstan as separated species Tulipa berkariensis Rukšans (2007: 174) , distinguishing from T. kaufmanniana by a lower amount of DNA, spherical bulbs producing 1–2 long stolons bearing vegetative bulblets, and a number of leaves (mostly 2). According to J.J. de Groot’s communication, yellow-flowered tulips from the Uzbek part of the Ugam Range also belong to T. berkariensis .

Specimens examined:— UZBEKISTAN: Western Tian-Shan district, Ugam-Pskem region, Karzhantau Region , Tashkent district , village Aktash, 21 April 1921, Baranov 64 ( TASH!) ; valley of the river Aktash , 10 April 1922, Korovin s.n. ( TASH!) ; southern slope of the range Karzhantau , watershed between valleys Aktash and Alchabash, 21 May 1938, Lysikova 62 ( TASH!) ; surroundings of the village Khandaylyk , piedmonts and stony slopes, 22 May 1939, Lepeshkin, Achilov 13744 ( TASH!) ; Tavaksay, Sarkramasay , plateau near the waterfall, 1100 m, 30 March 1939, Bukasov s.n. ( TASH!) ; upper reaches of Aktashsay , 2100 m, 27 May 1939, Bukasov 16 ( TASH!) ; surroundings of the village Khandaylyk , 24 May 1939, excursion of Tekhzar s.n. ( TASH!) ; Opitesay , 21 March 1940, Obukhova s.n. ( TASH!) ; Tashkent Province, southern slopes of Karzhantau , 5 April 1961, Adylov 1489 ( TASH!) ; 15 km north of the station Azadbash, along the road between villages Azadbash and Turbat, middle part of valley Sarybulak , 15 April 1963, Adylov 2088 ( TASH!) ; Ugam Range, Syr-Darya Province, Tashkent district, the pass in the valley of Pskem to the lake Makhbalkul , 22 June 1921, Baranov 274, 286, 305 ( TASH!) ; valley of the river Ugam, village Khumsan , dry slopes, 25 August 1932, Lepeshkin s.n. ( TASH!) ; southern slopes of Ugam Range, upper reaches of the river Kaynarsay , 8 April 1962, Adylov 1780 ( TASH!) ; valley of the river Pskem, banks of Teparsay , 18 May 1965, Pjataeva 14, 29, 31 ( TASH!) ; Pskem Range , valley of the river Oygaing, SE slope, 1 September 1928, Kultiasow 1055 ( TASH!) ; valley of the river Pskem, Babadzhansay (left tributary of the river Pskem ), argillaceous slopes, 24 April 1941, Momotov 75 ( TASH!) ; Aksarsay, left bank, tributary of the river Pskem after the village Nanay, 29 June 1956, students 6 ( TASH!) ; valley of the river Oygaing , nameless valley between rivers Koksu and Barkraksay, 4 June 1963, Puchkova 86, 94 ( TASH!) ; Aksarsay , 3 km from the village Nanay, 27 June 1966, Vybornov 44 ( TASH!) ; valley of the river Oygaing , 8 April 1968, Sharipov, Puchkova s.n. ( TASH!) ; valley of the river Oygaing , left bank of the river Barkraksay, NW slope, 6 June 1973, Puchkova 176 ( TASH!) ; Koksu Range, Tashkent district, slopes to the river Chatkal in surroundings of the village Burchmulla, 18 June 1921, Drobow s.n. ( TASH!) ; Western Chatkal region; Chatkal Range, Chimgan Mountains , near the snow, 20 July 1923, labor school s.n. ( TASH!) ; surroundings of Chimgan Botanical Station, slopes of Mt. Smaller Chimgan , 1700 m, 30 April 1927, Gomolitsky 107 ( TASH!) ; surroundings of Chimgan Botanical Station, slopes of Mt. Kyzyljar , 25 April 1929, Gomolitsky 35 ( TASH!) ; upper reaches of Parkentsay , 1800 m, 30 June 1936, Korotkova 802 ( TASH!) ; upper reaches of Parkentsay , steep NW slope on the left bank, 2350 m, 1 July 1936, Korotkova 865 ( TASH!) ; ravine of the river Kyzylsay, piedmonts of Mt. Tokali , stony riverbed, 10 Oktober 1936, Korotkova 2151 ( TASH!) ; Tashkent Alatau, Sukok , 18 April 1940, Vvedensky s.n. ( TASH!) ; Greater Chimgan , thickets of shrubs on the slopes, 16 April 1947, Sumnevicz, Dzhangurazov s.n. ( TASH!) ; surroundings of Gazalkent, Galavasay , 1951, Butkov s.n. ( TASH!) ; Parkent district, Mt. Adamtash above the village Zarkent, 22 May 1951, Korotkova 3392 ( TASH!) ; basin of the river Aksakata , the mountain gorge near Kashkasay, 12 July 1953, Tuychiev 637 ( TASH!) ; Tashkent Alatau, upper reaches of river Nurekata , 1 August 1953, Maylun, Nabiev, Zuckerwanik 1036 ( TASH!) ; Mountain Forest Reserve, Shavazikurtsay, upper part of western slope, 17 April 1959, Medvedeva ( Herbarium of Chatkal Biosphere Reserve ); Mountain Forest Reserve , Iransay, upper part of northern slope, 10 June 1959, Medvedeva ( Herbarium of Chatkal Biosphere Reserve ); basin of the river Zarkent , watershed, 18 June 1961, Adylov 1606 ( TASH!) ; northern slopes of Mt. Smaller Chimgan , 15 April 1963, Adylov 2138, 2139 ( TASH!) ; upper reaches of the river Galavasay , 15 April 1963, Adylov 2109 ( TASH!) ; Greater Chimgan , gentle slope of the watershed, 23 May 1971, Puchkova 30 ( TASH!) ; Chatkal Nature Reserve, Bashkyzylsay , Ogorod-bazar, N slope, 9 April 1974, Levichev s.n. ( TASH!) ; Chatkal Nature Reserve, ridge Kushkutan , saddle, 25 April 1974, Levichev s.n. ( TASH!) ; Phenological Ridge, above the 2 nd phenological plot, gravelly soil, southern exposure, 27.09.1979, Levichev; Chatkal Nature Reserve, upper Minora , gravelly slope, 2300 m, 28 September 1979, Levichev s.n. ( TASH!) ; surroundings of the station Khodjikent, slopes of left bank of the river Chirchik , 4 April 1993, Bakanova s.n. ( TASH!) ; Chatkal Biosphere Reserve, Bashkyzylsay plot, Kyzylalmasay , eastern slope, 27 July 2001, Mukhamedzhanova, Lynov, Chinov, Glavatskaya, Mamarakhimov, Tojibaev 35 ( Herbarium of Chatkal Biosphere Reserve ); Chimgansay, walnut stands, 13 May 2009, Tojibaev s.n. ( TASH!) ; Greater Chimgan , southern stony slope, 13 May 2009, Tojibaev s.n. ( TASH!) ; gorge of Greater Chimgan, NE slope, 13 May 2009, Tojibaev s.n. ( TASH!) ; Ugam-Chatkal National Park, surroundings of the village Chimgan , Aksay, birch stands, June 2012, Mirzakarimova s.n. ( TASH!) ; Kurama region, Chatkal Range, near Karabau , wheat grass steppe, 25 March 1944, Sumnevicz 75, 76 ( TASH!) ; basin of the river Angren , upper reaches of Karabau, 11 June 1954, Tuychiev 7 ( TASH!) ; basin of the river Angren, Chatkal Range , left tributary of Kyzylchasay, SW gravelly slope, 27 June 1954, Butkov, Maylun 225 ( TASH!) ; valley of the river Angren , right bank, along the road Angren – Kamchik, below Iertashsay, 11 April 1964, Pjataeva s.n. ( TASH!) ; basin of the river Chetsuv , eastern exposure, 24 March 2003, Tojibaev s.n. ( TASH!) ; basin of the river Angren, right bank, Chetsuv , eastern slope opposite the summer cottage of the forestry farm, piedmonts, 25 April 2003, Tojibaev, Mamarakhimov s.n. ( TASH!) ; basin of the river Angren, right bank, river Chetsuv , lower mountain belt, after the village, 25 April 2003, Tojibaev, Mamarakhimov s.n. ( TASH!) ; basin of the river Chetsuv, right tributary of Chetsuv , Shaldirama, SE slope, 1500 m, 25 April 2003, Tojibaev, Mamarakhimov s.n. ( TASH!) ; basin of the river Chetsuv, left tributary of Chetsuv , Sharsharasay, SE slope, 500 m below the waterfall, 27 April 2003, Tojibaev, Mamarakhimov s.n. ( TASH!) ; Kurama Range, valley of the river Angren , surroundings of the village Oktjabrskoe, farm Urazaevka, fallow lands, 1 July 1928, Gomolitsky 163 ( TASH!) ; mountains Kurama, valley of the river Angren , ravine Sovuksay near the village Yangavat, 15 August 1928, Gomolitsky, Granitov 325 ( TASH!) ; valley of the river Angren , stud farm 68, farm Urazaevka, old alfalfa field, 16 April 1935, Koshurnikova 14 ( TASH!) ; surroundings of village Lashkerak , on slopes and clearings among juniper stands, 11 April 1939, Slovinsky s.n. ( TASH!) ; northern slope of Kurama Range , Kuntuymassay, N slope, juniper forest, 13 May 1940, Usmanov 23 ( TASH!) ; northern slope of Kurama Range , Kattasay, NE slope, juniper forest, 20 May 1940, Usmanov 252 ( TASH!) ; basin of upper reaches of river Angren , surroundings of village Ablyk, SW slopes, 25 March 1944, Sumnevicz 73 ( TASH!) ; valley of river Angren, Lashkeraksay , 4 May 1945, Korotkova s.n. ( TASH!) ; basin of the river Angren, Abjassay , among the rocks, 28 May 1954, Butkov 27 ( TASH!) ; upper reaches of Abjassay , above the juniper belt, 2200 m, on the rocks, 20 May 1981, Shermatov, Kazakbaev, Levichev, Tagaev 40 ( TASH!) ; left bank of the river Angren, Abjassay , 23 April 2004, Tojibaev s.n. ( TASH!) ; left bank of the river Angren, Kendyrsay , watershed with Abjassay, 23 April 2004, Tojibaev s.n. ( TASH!) ; Chimgan Mts., Aksay valley , 1880 m, 9 May 2019, Beshko NB 2019026 ( TASH!) ; Mt. Greater Chimgan, Aksay valley , 1940 m, 5 June 2019, Beshko s.n. ( TASH!) .

Figures

FIGURE 10. Species of Tulipa sect. Spiranthera: A. T. kaufmanniana, B. T. tschimganica, C. T.dubia. Scale bars, 1 cm.