Tulipa ingens Hoog, 1902

Tojibaev, Komiljon, Dekhkonov, Davron, Ergashov, Ibrokhimjon, Sun, Hang, Deng, Tao & Yusupov, Ziyoviddin, 2022, The synopsis of the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Uzbekistan, Phytotaxa 573 (2), pp. 163-214 : 169-170

1.4. Tulipa ingens Hoog in Gard. Chron. Ser. 3, 32: 14. (1902).

Type:— figure 7 in Gard. Chron. , 3, 32: 14 (1902) [lectotype designated by Christenhusz et al. 2013: 315] .

Description:—Bulb elongate-ovoid, 2–3(4) cm thick; tunic blackish-brown or brown, thinly subcoriaceous, inside rather profusely covered with long silky brown adpressed hairs; stem 15–35 cm long, pale green, the upper part of stem and peduncle pubescent; leaves 3(5), spreading, scattered, slightly curled, glaucous, pubescent, more or less ciliate margined, not exceeding the flower; basal leaf lanceolate, 2–5(9) cm broad; upper leaves progressively decreasing in size; flower solitary, bright red, widely campanulate or widely cup-shaped to almost star-shaped; perigone segments 4–11 cm long, more or less acuminate to a pubescent point, the black blotch usually not margined, obtuse or sinuate (the black spot in the center of flower resembles a symbol of “clubs” in playing cards); outer segments oblongrhomboidal, slightly broader than the oblong to oblong-elliptic inner segments; stamens one third to two-fifths the length of perigone; filaments glabrous, black; anthers blackish-purple, twice the length of anthers; pollen black; ovary columnar, pale green, slightly longer than filaments, with sessile stigma; capsule ca. 2 cm broad, 3–6 cm long.

General distribution:—Western Pamir-Alay ( Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan).

Distribution in Uzbekistan:—I-5 Kuhistan district (I-5-c Urgut region), I-6 Western Hissar district (I-6-a Kashkadarya region; I-6-c Baysun region; I-6-d Kuhitang region), I-7 Hissar-Darvaz district (I-7-a Sangardak-Tupalang region).

Phenology:—Flowering: April–May; fruiting: May–June.

Ecology:—Clayey, stony and gravelly slopes, rock ledges in lower and middle mountain zone, 1200–2500(–2800) m a.s.l.

Etymology:—A brief history of the description and etymology of this species is given by Wilford (2006): P. Graeber (a collector for the van Tubergen’s nursery) collected bulbs of this tulip in 1901, in the mountains of the Emirate of Bukhara (modern-day Uzbekistan); in the next year, J. Hoog (1865–1950) described this species in the Gardeners Chronicle with the following comment «…on account of its very large flowers, I propose to name it Tulipa ingens » ( Hoog, 1902) . The Latin word “ ingens ” means “ huge, great, gigantic ” ( Fig. 3A ).

Specimens examined:— UZBEKISTAN: Kuhistan district , Urgut region , Zarafshan Range , Samarkand Province, Samarkand district, northern slope of Zeravshan Range, Amankutan, the pass Takhta-Karacha, 1676 m, 20 April 1913, Michelson 992 ( LE) ; Samarkand Province , Amankutan, forestry farm, on the way to the nursery, 19 April 1915, Fedtschenko 356 ( LE) ; UzbekSSR, surroundings of Samarkand , Agalyk, 7 April 1934, Butkov s.n. ( MW, LE, NY) ; Western Pamir-Alay , Zeravshan Range , surroundings of the village Urgut, the top of the mountain Karakurgan, in the shadow of rocks, 3 May 1936, Gnezdillo 52 ( TASH!) ; Western Pamir-Alay , Zeravshan Range , Mt. Kuhisurkh, the gorge Dzhankara, wet meadow among rocks and springs near the village Ishan, 17 May 1936, Gnezdillo 68 ( TASH!) ; Urgut , surroundings of Samarkand, 18–19 April 1940, Popov, Zakirov s.n. ( TASH!) ; Zeravshan Range , near the top of the pass Amankutan, 28.04.1965, Pryakhin ( TASH, LE) ; Tersaksy , village Ukarytersak, 1330 m, 15 April 2017, Kodyrov s.n. ( TASH!) ; mountains Kurgantau , Sevazsay, north slope, 1250–1300 m, 14 April 2018, Kodyrov, Juramurodov, Makhmudjanov s.n. ( TASH!) ; Zeravshan Range , near the village Amankutan, southern slope, 1750– 1800 m, 15 April 2018, Kodyrov, Juramurodov, Makhmudzhanov U 138 ( TASH!) ; Dzhindydarya , near the village Madmon, 10 April 2019, Kodyrov, Juramurodov, Akbarov 2019104040; Dzhindydarya, near the village Madmon, southern slope, 12 April 2019, Kodyrov, Juramurodov, Akbarov 20191204026 ( TASH!) ; surroundings of the village Saygus , 1400 m, 12April 2019, Kodyrov, Juramurodov, Akbarov 20191204002, 20191204037 ( TASH!) ; Western Hissar district , Kashkadarya region , Hissar Range, Kitab, near the village Shut, 18 May 1916, Popov 795, 796 ( TASH!) ; Yakkabag , near the village Bova-Shady, 1 June 1916, Popov 1172 ( TASH!) ; mountains to the south of Yakkabag , juniper zone, eastern slope of the gorge, 12.06.1927, Kultiasow, Granitov 496 ( TASH!) ; Western Pamir-Alay , upper reaches of the river Yakkabagdarya, surroundings of the village Tashkurgan, descent from the pass Chekmen-Kuydy to the village Tashkurgan, stony slopes, in juniper forest, 17 May 1936, Gnezdillo 68 ( TASH!) ; Western Pamir-Alay , upper reaches of the river Yakkabagdarya, surroundings of the village Tashkurgan, descent from the pass ChekmenKuydy to the village Tashkurgan, stony slopes, in juniper forest, 18 June 1936, Botschantzev, Butkov 4 ( TASH!) ; Western Pamir-Alay , upper reaches of the river Yakkabagdarya, surroundings of the village Tashkurgan, left bank of Yakkabagdarya west of the village Tashkurgan, fallow lands, on the red clays, 27 June 1936; Botschantzev, Butkov 462 ( TASH!) ; Western Hissar , upper part of the slope, near the pass Chekmen-Kuydy (SE of the village Tatar), 15 May 1961, Abdukhamidov s.n. ( TASH, LE) ; Yakkabag , mountains Kyzyl-kishlak, 3 May 1964, Kholikov 65 ( TASH!) ; Kashkadarya Province , Western Hissar , basin of the river Kyzyldarya , gorge Zarmas , between the villages Tatar and Zarmas, on gravelly and stony slopes and rocks in the middle mountain belt, 7 April 1977, Malakhov s.n. ( TASH!) ; UzbekSSR, Kashkadarya Province , Kamashi district , mountains Maydanak between the villages Urta-Dara and Kan, above Lyangar, 2 May 1979, Pimenov, Kljuykov, Borjaev, Baranova 271 ( MW) ; Uzbekistan , Kashkadarya Province , Hissar ridge, mt. Maydanak, near observatory Maydanak, ca. 2550 m, 9 April 2015, Jang, Choi, Beshko et al. s.n. ( TASH!) ; Kitab Nature Reserve , near village Khodzhakurgan, north slope, 11 April 2019, Kodyrov, Juramurodov, Akbarov 20190411064 ( TASH!) ; Uzbekistan , Kashkadarya Province, Hissar Range, near the village Langar, 12 April 2019, Maltzev 17 ( TASH!) ; Uzbekistan , Kashkadarya Province , Hissar Range, Kitab Nature Reserve, 12 April 2019, Maltzev 18, 19 ( TASH!) ; Uzbekistan , Hissar Range , basin of the river Kashkadarya, valley of the river Aksu between the villages Hissarak and Ghilan, 4 May 2019, Beshko NB 2019024 ( TASH!) ; Baysun region , Hissar Range, mountains near the town Baysun, 27 May 1916, Popov 400 ( TASH!) ; Baysun Mts. , Ketmen-Chapty, stony slope, 2600 m, 19 June 1935, Gordienko 235 ( MW) ; UzbekSSR, SW spurs of the Hissar Range , above the village Machay, NW slope of the range Baysuntau, slope to the river Machaydarya, 4 May 1979, Pimenov, Kljuykov, Borjaev, Baranova, Vassiljeva 388 ( MW) ; South-western Hissar , Baysuntau, Zovboshi, juniper forest, 5 May 2013, Turginov s.n. ( TASH!) ; Kuhitang region : Kuhitang Range, Mts. Kuhitang, 06.05.1915, Popov 489 ( TASH!) ; Kuhitangtau , surroundings of the village Shalkan, 1 July1966, Dzhumaev s.n. ( TASH!) ; Kuhitang Mountains , Kampyrtepa, 18 April 2008, K. Tojibaev s.n. ( TASH!) . Hissar-Darvaz district , Sangardak-Tupalang region , Hissar Range , UzbekSSR, Hissar Range, Chulbair, the watershed between rivers Sina and Bolungur, in juniper forests among Ungernia victoris , 27 May1960, Korotkova 8137 ( TASH!) .

Figures

FIGURE 3. Species of Tulipa sect. Lanatae: A. T. ingens, B. T. carinata, C. T. fosteriana. Scale bars, 1 cm.