Clubiona shuangsi Yu & Li, 2021

Zhang, Jianshuang, Yu, Hao & Li, Shuqiang, 2021, Taxonomic studies on the sac spider genus Clubiona (Araneae, Clubionidae) from Xishuangbanna Rainforest, China, ZooKeys 1034, pp. 1-163 : 1

Clubiona shuangsi Yu & Li sp. nov. Figs 50 , 51 , 62D , 72D , 80D , 88D , 96D

Holotype.

♂ (IZCAS-Ar 34763, YHCLU0135), China: Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna: Mengla County: Nanshahe Village: monsoon forest, 21°36.200'N, 101°34.384'E, ca. 826 m, 14.VII.2012, Q.Y. Zhao and C.X. Gao leg. Paratype: 1♀ (IZCAS-Ar 34764), same data as holotype. Other material examined. 1♀ (YHCLU0085), same data as holotype.

Etymology.

The specific name is derived from the Chinese pinyin shuāng sī, which means 'two filaments’, referring to the filiform embolus and conductor; noun in apposition.

Diagnosis.

Males of C. shuangsi sp. nov. resemble those of C. biembolata ( Deeleman-Reinhold 2001: 132, figs 67-69) in having a similar filiform embolus and conductor but differ by the retrolateral tibial apophysis with a relatively shorter tip, blunt, without inner apophysis (Figs 50B , 51E , 62D , 72D ) (vs. tibial apophysis with long, acuminate tip, accompanied by a small inner apophysis; Deeleman-Reinhold 2001: figs 67, 68); and both the embolus and conductor shorter than the tegulum width (Figs 50C-E , 62D ) (vs. embolus and conductor longer than tegulum width; Deeleman-Reinhold 2001: fig. 69). Females also resemble those of C. biembolata in having a small and rebordered atrium but can be recognised by the atrium-shaped nearly like an inverted triangle (Figs 51A, B , 80D , 88D ) (vs. round; Deeleman-Reinhold 2001: fig. 70) and the bean-shaped spermathecae smaller than bursae (Figs 51C, D , 96D ) (vs. tubular spermathecae with convoluted distal part, larger than bursae; Deeleman-Reinhold 2001: fig. 71).

Remarks.

C. shuangsi sp. nov. resembles C. biembolata which was first described and assigned to the C. japonica group (called C. filicata group in the present paper) by Deeleman-Reinhold (2001) because of the characteristic copulatory organs (for a detailed diagnosis, see above). However, both species lack the dark pattern found on the dorsum of the opisthosoma in all existing members of the Clubiona filicata group. Thus, there remains considerable uncertainty about placing the two species in the Clubiona filicata group.

Description.

Male. Holotype (Fig. 51F, G ): Carapace 1.90 long, 1.36 wide. Carapace uniformly brown, without distinct pattern; ocular area distinctly narrowed, cervical groove and radial grooves indistinctly visible; tegument smooth, marginally clothed with short setae. Eyes: AER slightly recurved, PER slightly wider than AER, almost straight in dorsal view. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.09, ALE 0.14, PME 0.11, PLE 0.09, AME-AME 0.07, AME-ALE 0.04, PME-PME 0.17, PME-PLE 0.09, MOQL 0.29, MOQA 0.25, MOQP 0.42. Chelicerae robust and brown, with four promarginal and three retromarginal teeth. Sternum pale brown, 1.07 long, 0.69 wide. Labium and endites coloured as carapace. Legs light brown, without distinct markings. Leg measurements: I missing, II 4.81 (1.46, 1.92, 0.98, 0.46), III 3.86 (1.18, 1.25, 1.04, 0.42), IV 5.53 (1.53, 1.87, 1.63, 0.50). Abdomen missing.

Palp (Figs 50A-E , 51E , 62D , 72D ). Tibia short, ca. 2 × shorter than cymbium, bearing group of ventral setae; RTA large, ca. as long as tibia, proximally broad and heavily sclerotised, distally thinner and partly membranous, tip blunt. Bulb oval, 1.9 × longer than wide; sperm duct distinct and sinuate, forming a double loop. Embolus filiform, arising at ca. 11 o’clock position, broad at base, gradually tapering toward apex, embolar tip pointing distally. Conductor originating from anterior membranous portion of tegulum, consisting of broad base and filiform distal part, base partly membranous and covering embolar apex, apex sharp and pointing prolatero-proximally.

Female. Paratype (Fig. 51H, I ). Total length 4.07; carapace 1.82 long, 1.37 wide; opisthosoma 2.25 long, 1.40 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.13, PME 0.10, PLE 0.11, AME-AME 0.08, AME-ALE 0.07, PME-PME 0.23, PME-PLE 0.15, MOQL 0.26, MOQA 0.23, MOQP 0.44. Chelicerae with three promarginal and two retromarginal teeth. Sternum 0.99 long, 0.67 wide. Leg measurements: I 3.60 (1.34, 1.28, 0.66, 0.42), II 3.91 (1.18, 1.57, 0.72, 0.45), III 3.24 (1.03, 1.08, 0.76, 0.37), IV 4.83 (1.34, 1.68, 1.38, 0.44). Colouration lighter than in male. Other characters as in male.

Epigyne (Figs 51A-D , 80D , 88D , 96D ). Epigynal plate ca. 1.2 × wider than long, through which spermathecae and bursae are indistinctly apparent. Atrium small and shaped like an inverted triangle, with distinctly rebordered margin, ca. 1/3 epigyne length and width, anterior margin almost straight, posterior margin V-shaped. Copulatory openings located at anterolateral atrial borders. Copulatory ducts absent. Spermathecae bean-shaped, ca. 1.3 × longer than wide, separated by one diameter. Bursae ovoid, ca. 1.4 × longer than wide, close together, surface membranous and translucent, inside pigmented.

Distribution.

Known only from the type locality, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China.

Figures

Figure 50. Male palp of the holotype of Clubiona shuangsi sp. nov. A prolateral view B retrolateral view C bulb, prolateral view D bulb, ventral view E bulb, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: C = conductor; E = embolus; EB = embolar base; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (equal for A, B, equal for C-E).

Figure 51. Clubiona shuangsi sp. nov., female paratype and male holotype, epigyne (A-D), tibia of male palp (E), male habitus (F, G) and female habitus (H, I) A intact, ventral view B cleared, ventral view C cleared, dorsal view D cleared, dorsal view E ventral view F dorsal view G lateral view H dorsal view I ventral view. Abbreviations: A = atrium; AAM = atrial anterior margin; APM = atrial posterior margin; BS = bursa; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilisation duct; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (equal for A-D); 0.1 mm (E); 1 mm (equal for E, G, equal for H, I).

Figure 62. Clubiona spp., male palp, ventral view (A, C, D) and dorsal view (B) A, B C. yaoi C C. jiandan D C. shuangsi sp. nov., holotype. Abbreviations: C = conductor; DCA = dorsal cymbial apophysis; E = embolus; EB = embolar base; PTA = prolateral tibial apophysis; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; VTA = ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figure 72. Clubiona spp., male palp, prolateral view (A) and retrolateral view (B-D) A, B C. yaoi C C. jiandan D C. shuangsi sp. nov., holotype. Abbreviations: C = conductor; DCA = dorsal cymbial apophysis; E = embolus; EB = embolar base; PTA = prolateral tibial apophysis; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; VTA = ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figure 80. Clubiona spp., epigyne, intact, ventral view A C. yaoi B C. jiandan C C. wangchengi sp. nov., holotype D C. shuangsi sp. nov., paratype. Abbreviations: A = atrium; AAM = atrial anterior margin; APM = atrial posterior margin; CO = copulatory opening. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figure 88. Clubiona spp., epigyne, cleared, ventral view A C. yaoi B C. jiandan C C. wangchengi sp. nov., holotype D C. shuangsi sp. nov., paratype. Abbreviations: A = atrium; AAM = atrial anterior margin; APM = atrial posterior margin; CO = copulatory opening. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figure 96. Clubiona spp., vulva, cleared, dorsal view A C. yaoi B C. jiandan C C. wangchengi sp. nov., holotype D C. shuangsi sp. nov., female paratype. Abbreviations: BS = bursa; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilisation duct; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.