Phloeodes plicatus (LeConte)

Foley, Ian A. & Ivie, Michael A., 2008, A phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Zopherini with a review of the species and generic classification (Coleoptera: Zopheridae), Zootaxa 1928 (1), pp. 1-72 : 46-48

Phloeodes plicatus (LeConte)

Figs. 37 , 40 , 45 , 49 , 52–53 , 71

Nosoderma plicatum LeConte, 1859: 77 . LeConte, 1862: 216. LeConte and Horn, 1883: 365. García-París et al., 2006: 230.

Noserus plicatus: Horn, 1870: 273 . Casey, 1907a: 44. Leng, 1920: 223. Gebien, 1936: 668. Doyen, 1980: 3. Arnett and Jacques, 1981: 145. Arnett, 1983: 16. Arnett, 1985: 350. Ṡ lipi ń ski and Lawrence, 1999: 19. García-París et al., 2000: 473. Milne et al., 2000: 585 (pl. 224 midentified as Phellopsis porcata LeConte ). García-París et al., 2001: 151–153.

Phloeodes plicatus: Ivie, 2002: 461 .

Noserus torvus Casey, 1907a: 44 . Leng, 1920: 223. Gebien, 1936: 668. Arnett, 1983: 16. (Synonymy by García-París et al. 2006).

Noserus collaris Casey, 1907a: 44 . Leng, 1920: 223. Gebien, 1936: 668. Arnett, 1983: 17. (Synonymy by García-París et al. 2006).

Noserus corrosus Casey, 1907b: 474 . Leng, 1920: 223. Gebien, 1936: 668. Arnett, 1983: 17. (Synonymy by García-París et al. 2006).

Noserus convexulus Casey, 1907b: 474 . Leng, 1920: 223. Gebien, 1936: 668. Arnett, 1983: 17. (Synonymy by García- París et al. 2006).

Phloeodes sp. : Ṡ lipi ń ski and Lawrence, 1999: 20, fig. 82.

Diagnosis: The presence of distinct antennal cavities that are not clearly limited posteriorly and a dorsal elytral sculpture consisting of a series of distinct arcuate ridges and tubercles will easily separate this species from Phloeodes diabolicus . The uniform coloration distinguishes it from Phloeodes venustus .

Description: See García-París et al. (2006).

Distribution: California Floristic Province as far north as Mendocino Co., east possibly to Arizona (1 specimen: AZ; Yuma; 3-VII-1936; D.L. Tiemann [EMEC]), south into Baja California, and west onto the California Channel Islands. Specimens have also been reported from Washington State and Oaxaca, Mexico, but are probably errors.

Recorded distribution: A summary of the 1,031 specimens examined is (for complete label data, see Foley 2006) MEXICO: BAJA CALIFORNIA: Ensenada. UNITED STATES: ARIZONA: Yuma. CALIFOR- NIA: Alameda, Contra Costa, Fresno, Kern, Lake, Los Angeles, Marin, Mendocino, Monterey, Napa, Orange, Placer, Riverside, San Benito, San Bernadino, San Diego, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Island , Sonoma, Trinity, Tulare, Ventura, Yolo .

Types: Nosoderma plicatum : LECTOTYPE, here designated: ♀, intact in MCZ. Cal.(ifornia)/ red square Type 4507/ Noserus ; plicatus (LeC.); Tejon/ Jan.-Jul. 2005 MCZ Image Database/ red rectangle Lectotype; Nosoderma ; ♀ plicatum ; LeConte 1859; designated by I. A. Foley 2006.

Noserus torvus : LECTOTYPE, here designated: ♀, intact in NMNH. Cal. (ifornia)/ Casey; bequest 1925/ Casey determ.; corrosus – 8/ orange rectangle probably; one of the; original; set of; torvus / red square Lectotype Noserus ; ♀ torvus ; Casey 1907; designated; I.A. Foley 2006. All of the specimens in the Casey collection labeled torvus are ♂♂ rather then ♀ as stated in the description, therefore based on the note attached to the specimen this female is designated the Lectotype.

Noserus collaris : LECTOTYPE, here designated: ♂, missing right antenna in NMNH. Cal.(ifornia)/ Casey; bequest; 1925/ orange rectangle Type NMNH; 46380, hand written collaris; Csy./ Casey determ.; plicatus-5/ red square Lectotype Noserus ; ♂ collaris ; Casey 1907; designated; I.A. Foley 2006.

Noserus corrosus : LECTOTYPE, here designated: ♀, missing right metatibia and left metatarsus in NMNH. Hand written Los Angeles; Co.; Calif.(ornia)/ Casey; bequest; 1925/ orange rectangle Type NMNH; 46381/ hand written corrosus; Csy./ red square Lectotype Noserus ; ♀ corrosus ; Casey 1907; designated; I.A. Foley 2006. PARALECTOTYPE, here designated: ♀, several tarsi missing in NMNH. Same data as Lectotype / orange rectangle corrosus-2, Paratype NMNH, 46381/ red square Paralectotype Noserus ; ♀ corrosus ; Casey 1907; designated; I.A. Foley 2006.

Noserus convexulus : HOLOTYPE ♀, missing several tarsi in NMNH. Cal(ifornia)/ Casey; bequest; 1925/ orange rectangle Type NMNH; 46383/ hand written convexulus Csy. / red square Holotype Noserus ; ♀ convexulus ; Casey 1907; designated; I.A. Foley 2006.

Discussion of Casey types: The Casey types show typical variation of the species, and slightly vary in the following characterizations of their description: Noserus torvus is smaller and narrower than typical Phloeodes plicatus , with more obvious ridges, and larger lateral nodules; Noserus collaris has weaker basal ridges than Phloeodes plicatus and Noserus torvus , and a strongly elevated apical nodule; in Noserus corrosus , the elytral ridges and nodules are weak, and the exudate is thick, obscuring many of the tubercles; Noserus convexulus has a slightly rounded lateral elytral profile, stronger lateral tuberculation, slightly broader and shorter elytra, and smaller scattered ventral tubercles. Clearly all of these sculptural differences are well within the normal variation of the single recognized species Phloeodes plicatus .

Notes: García-París et al. (2006) did not designate lectotypes for any of the Casey species synonymized with P. plicatus or specifically mention any of the type specimens. Therefore, the opportunity to clarify the type specimens is taken here.

Figures

FIGURES 35–38. Dorsal habiti. 35. Phloeodes diabolicus, California, San Diego Co.; 36. Phloeodes diabolicus, California, Napa Co.; 37. P. plicatus, California, Los Angeles Co.; 38. P. venustus, Costa Rica.

FIGURES 39–41. 39–40. Ventral surface of pronotum. 39. Phloeodes diabolicus; 40. P. plicatus. 41. Lateral view of P. diabolicus hypomeron.

FIGURES 42–46. 42. Lateral view of P. venustus hypomeron. 43. Ventral view of tarsus of P. venustus. 44–46. Male genitalia. 44. P. diabolicus; 45. P. plicatus; 46. P. venustus.

FIGURES 47–49. 47–48. Labial palp insertions. 47. Phloeodes diabolicus; 48. P. plicatus. 49. SEM of tarsal claw of P. plicatus.

FIGURES 52–53. Femora of male Phloeodes plicatus. 52. Male nodule. 53. Cuticular pores.

FIGURES 71–72. Surface of mesepimeron. 71. Phloeodes plicatus; 72. Sesaspis sylvatica. Scale bar = 1mm.