Salicopsallus, Schuh, 2006

Schuh, Randall T., 2006, Revision, Phylogenetic, Biogeographic, And Host Analyses Of The Endemic Western North American Phymatopsallus Group, With The Description Of 9 New Genera And 15 New Species (Insecta: Hemiptera: Miridae: Phylinae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2006 (301), pp. 1-115 : 88-95

Salicopsallus , new genus

Type species: Salicopsallus schwartzi , new species.

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized uniquely by the sclerotized keel-like dorsal margin of the apical portion of the phallotheca (figs. 36, 37), in combination with the tubercle on the left side of the pygophore (fig. 35E–H), the pale coloration (with or without spots on the hemelytra) (fig. 3), the roughly J-shaped vesica, terminating in a single spine, the secondary gonopore subtended by a small spinelike appendage, the flattened thumblike phallothecal spine on the anterior face of the phallotheca, the left paramere with the anterior process curving and acuminate, and the posterior process usually truncate, of a form common to many Phylinae (figs. 36, 37). Species with uniformly pale coloration similar in appearance to some pale-colored Plagiognathus spp. , but easily separated from them by the presence of a tubercle on the left side of the pygophore, as well as the detailed structure of the male genitalia. Also potentially confused with faded, or otherwise pale, Phymatopsallus , Angelopsallus , and Knightopsallus spp. , but separated from the first by the structure of the male genitalia, and by the absence of a process on the left side of the pygophore in the last two. Species with spotted dorsum separated from Stictopsallus by the absence of a tubercle on the pygo- phore in that group, and from Bisulcopsallus and Ceratopsallus by the very large pygophore in those groups and the details of male genitalic structure.

DESCRIPTION: Male: Size small to moderate among Phymatopsallus -group taxa, elongate ovoid to nearly parallel-sided, total length 2.59–3.15, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.73–2.18, width pronotum 0.84– 1.01. COLORATION (fig. 3): Body and forewings either pale or with green or brown spots on the clavus, corium, and cuneus; eyes silvery or pale to dark; appendages pale; femora with scattered weak brown spots; tibial spines pale, with small weakly brown spots at bases; membrane weakly marmorate, veins pale. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (figs. 3, 35C): Dorsal body surface smooth, impunctate, weakly shining. Dorsal vestiture of reclining, pale, simple setae intermixed with recumbent, silvery, sericeous setae. STRUCTURE: Head: Short, transverse, closely conforming to anterior margin of pronotum; frons at most barely protruding beyond anterior margin of eyes; posterior margin of vertex rounded; eyes large in dorsal and lateral views (figs. 3, 35A); antennae inserted above ventral margin of eyes by distance somewhat greater than diameter of antennal segment 1, antennal insertion contiguous with eye (fig. 35A); antennal segment 2 cylindrical, not tapered, about the same diameter as antennal segment 1 (fig. 3); labium reaching from posterior margin of middle trochanters to posterior margin of hind trochanters. Thorax: Mesothoracic spiracle and metathoracic scentefferent system as in figure 35A, B. Legs: Claws moderately elongate, rather strongly curving, pulvilli flaplike, parempodia setiform (fig. 35D). Abdomen: Broad. GENI- TALIA (figs. 35G, 36, 37): Pygophore: Moderately large, conical, with seta-covered tubercle on the left side just anterior to opening (fig. 35E–H). Vesica: Formed of a single relatively slender strap, roughly Jshaped, with at most one-half twist (see S. schwartzi , new species), apically attenuated, extending beyond secondary gonopore by distance equal to about length of gonopore; secondary gonopore of small to moderate size, well sclerotized, ovoid, without distinct gonopore sclerite, but with a small sclerotized appendage located near base. Phallotheca: Apical portion tapered, rather short, dorsal margin bearing a distinct sclerotized ‘‘keel’’ over most of length, and with a thumblike spine on the anterior surface. Parameres: Left paramere with anterior process flattened, sclerotized, sinuously curving and attenuated, posterior process of form typical of Phylinae ; right paramere elongate, crudely parallelsided, apex with pair of terminal processes weakly developed.

Female: Elongate ovoid; total length 2.17– 3.34, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.52–2.56, width pronotum 0.89–1.06. COL- ORATION (fig. 3): As in male. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: As in male. STRUC- TURE: Hemelytra just covering abdomen; eyes smaller than those of male, frons more prominently bulging anterior to eyes, head projecting below eyes by distance about equal to diameter of antennal segment 1; antennal segment 2 more slender than in male, tapered toward base (fig. 3). GENITALIA (fig. 36): Sclerotized rings ovoid, somewhat twisted; vestibulum forming a relatively short sclerotized tube; posterior wall simple, posterior fourth with small spicules laterally and medially with a sclerotized transverse ‘‘lobe’’.

ETYMOLOGY: Named for the occurrence of members of the group on the genus Salix (Salicaceae) .

HOSTS: Salix sp. (Salicaceae) ; Ziziphus sp. (Rhamnaceae) ; Fraxinus velutinus (Oleaceae) .

DISCUSSION: The uniform coloration of the dorsum and the vesical spine suggest an association of Salicopsallus with Phymatopsallus , even though the nonfabaceous hosts of Salicopsallus might suggest otherwise.

Salicopsallus lucidus (Van Duzee) , new combination figures 3, 35, 36; map 8

Tuponia lucida Van Duzee, 1918: 303 (n.sp.). Phymatopsallus cuneopunctatus Knight, 1964:

134 (n.sp.). NEW SYNONYMY.

DIAGNOSIS: Distinguished from S. schwartzi by the entirely pale coloration of the dorsum (fig. 3), and the longer, more sinuously curving vesica.

REDESCRIPTION: Male: Size moderate among Phymatopsallus -group taxa, elongate ovoid, total length 2.66–3.15, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.86–2.18, width pronotum 0.84–1.01. COLORATION (fig. 3): Pale, pronotum and scutellum sometimes weakly greenish; membrane marmorate, veins pale. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (figs. 3, 35C): As in generic description. STRUCTURE: Head: Labium reaching from posterior margin of middle trochanters to posterior margin of hind trochanters.

3, 00077104; male 4, 00063160); female genitalia (AMNH_PBI 00062272).

GENITALIA (fig. 36): Vesica: With overall shape of a J, larger and more sinuously curving than in S. schwartzi , new species, recurved on apical one-fourth, apex extending beyond secondary gonopore by about 1.5 times length of gonopore; appendage subtending gonopore lanceolate, moderately elongate. Phallotheca: Spine relatively long, shaped like an elongate club; sclerotized dorsal margin smoothly curving, without additional ornamentation.

Female: Elongate ovoid; total length 2.76– 3.34, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.94–2.46, width pronotum 0.90–1.06. COL- ORATION (fig. 3): As in male. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: As in male. STRUC- TURE: Similar to male. GENITALIA (figs. 36): See generic description.

HOSTS: Recorded from Salix exigua Nutt. , Salix x pendulina Wenderoth ( Salicaceae ), and Fraxinus velutina Torr. (Oleaceae) . A single specimen recorded from Eriodictyon crassifolium var. crassifolium Benth. (Hydrophyllaceae) is almost certainly not an indication of breeding on that host.

DISTRIBUTION (map 8): Widely distributed from Butte County in northern California, south to Riverside County, and east to Maricopa and Pima Counties in Arizona.

DISCUSSION: This species was described by Van Duzee (1918) from willows ( Salix sp. ) growing near Palm Springs, California. It was not included in the 1964 revision of Knight. The current generic placement is based on the pale coloration and the exis- tence of specimens of similar size and coloration from Arizona and the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, also collected on Salix sp. The holotype male, deposited in the California Academy of Sciences, has no abdomen, so comparison of the male genitalia for additional confirmation of the identity of this taxon was not possible.

Even though there is some variation in size and coloration in the specimens I am identifying as S. lucidus , the genitalic structure of specimens ranging from the northern Sierra Nevada Mountains to southern Arizona is substantially similar.

Most of the specimens from Arivaca Lake, Pima County , Arizona, have red eyes, in contrast to the whitish or silvery eyes in nearly all other known specimens. I attribute this to the fact that they are teneral.

Knight (1964) described Phymatopsallus cuneopunctatus on the basis of a single female (USNM) from Tucson, Arizona, collected July 5, 1928, by A.A. Nichol; judging from the lepidopteran scales adhering to the specimen, it was collected at light. He noted that the hemelytra were pallid with fuscous dots only on the cuneus; my examination of the holotype indicates that these dots are extremely difficult to see. Knight (1964) compared P. cuneopunctatus with B. fuscipunctatus (Knight) , but treated them as distinct because of the size difference (length 2.7 as compared to 2.9). My examination of the holotype female indicates that this is

almost certainly not a Phymatopsallus species , and that the comparison with B. fuscipunctatus does little to clarify the actual relationships of this nominal taxon. On the basis of size, coloration, and the nearly hyaline nature of the hemelytra, this nominal taxon is actually the same as Salicopsallus lucidus , and I am therefore treating it as such.

HOLOTYPES: USA: Arizona: Pima Co. : Tucson [32.22167 ° N 110.92583 ° W], 05 Jul 1928, A.A. Nichol, 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00069801) (USNM) ( S. cuneopunctatus ). California: Riverside Co.: Palm Springs [33.83028 ° N 116.54444 ° W], 21 May 1917, E.P. Van Duzee, 1Oi (AMNH_PBI 00077827) (CAS) ( S. lucidus ).

PARATYPES: USA: California: Riverside Co.: Palm Springs, 33.83028 ° N 116.54444 ° W, 21 May 1917, E.P. Van Duzee, 1♀ (AMNH_PBI 00068777) (CAS) ( S. lucidus ).

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED: USA: Arizona: Maricopa Co. : Hassayapa River Riparian Area on Rt 60, 8 mi SE of Wickenburg, 33.90872 ° N 112.6749 ° W, 575 m, 15 May 2000, M.D. Schwartz, Salix exigua (Salicaceae) , det. ASC staff ASC75856, 13Oi (AMNH_PBI 00062258–AMNH_PBI 00062263, AMNH_PBI 00062737, AMNH_PBI 00062738, AMNH_PBI 00063171–AMNH_PBI 00063175), 28♀ (AMNH_ PBI 00062264–AMNH_PBI 00062278, AMNH_ PBI 00062280, AMNH_PBI 00062283, AMNH_ PBI 00062286–AMNH_PBI 00062291, AMNH_ PBI 00063189–AMNH_PBI 00063193) (AMNH). Salix exigua (Salicaceae) , det. ASC staff ASC75856, 2Oi (AMNH_PBI 00062735, AMNH_ PBI 00062736), 2♀ (AMNH_PBI 00062279, AMNH_PBI 00062281) (CNC). Salix exigua (Salicaceae) , det. ASC staff ASC75856, 3Oi (AMNH_PBI 00062732–AMNH_PBI 00062734), 3♀ (AMNH_PBI 00062282, AMNH_PBI 00062284, AMNH_PBI 00062285) (USNM). Pima Co. : Arivaca Lake, 31.52551 ° N 111.2546 ° W, 1170 m, 22 May 2000, M.D. Schwartz, Salix x pendulina ( Salicaceae ), det. H.D. Hammond ASC75859, 7Oi (AMNH_PBI 00062292, AMNH_PBI 00062293, AMNH_PBI 00063156– AMNH_PBI 00063160), 22♀ (AMNH_PBI 00062296–AMNH_PBI 00062309, AMNH_PBI 00062314–AMNH_PBI 00062316, AMNH_PBI 00063176–AMNH_PBI 00063180) (AMNH). Santa Catalina Mts , trail N of Bear Canyon Rd, 32.30147 ° N 110.8022 ° W, 810 m, 23 May 2000, M.D. Schwartz, Fraxinus velutina (Oleaceae) , det. H.D. Hammond ASC75863, 6♀ (AMNH_ PBI 00062294, AMNH_PBI 00062295, AMNH_ PBI 00062310–AMNH_PBI 00062313) (AMNH). California: Butte Co.: Oroville, 39.51389 ° N 121.55528 ° W, 24 Jun 1927, H.H. Keifer, Salix hindsiana (Salicaceae) , 4Oi (AMNH_PBI 00077104, AMNH_PBI 00077105, AMNH_PBI 00077120, AMNH_PBI 00077121), 15♀ (AMNH_PBI 00077106–AMNH_PBI 00077117, AMNH_PBI 00077122–AMNH_PBI 00077124) (CAS). Fresno Co.: Dry Creek, E of Humphreys Station on Tollhouse Rd, 36.96162 ° N 119.44568 ° W, 317 m, 25 Jul 1999, M.D. Schwartz, Salix sp. (Salicaceae) , 3Oi (AMNH_PBI 00071869–AMNH_PBI 00071871), 2♀ (AMNH_ PBI 00071872, AMNH_PBI 00071873) (CNC). Riverside Co.: 10 mi E of Hemet, San Bernardino National Forest, 33.73813 ° N 116.838 ° W, 581 m, 20 May 2004, Schuh, Cassis, Schwartz, Weirauch, Wyniger, Forero, Eriodictyon crassifolium var. crassifolium (Hydrophyllaceae) , det. A. Sanders UCR140621, 1Oi (AMNH_PBI 00170510) (AMNH).

Salicopsallus schwartzi , new species figures 3, 37; map 8

DIAGNOSIS: Distinguished from S. lucidus by the green spots on the dorsum (fig. 3), and the shorter, J-shaped vesica.

DESCRIPTION: Male: Relatively small among Phymatopsallus -group taxa, elongate ovoid, total length 2.59–2.67, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.73–1.77, width pronotum 0.89. COLORATION (fig. 3): Pale to weakly greenish, corium, clavus, and cuneus rather densely covered with greenish spots; membrane boldly marmorate, veins pale. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (fig. 3): As in generic description. STRUCTURE: Head: Length of labium not readily determined from available specimens. GENITA- LIA (fig. 37): Vesica: Overall shape that of a J, much shorter than in S. lucidus , apex relatively narrow and extending beyond secondary gonopore by about the length of gonopore; appendage subtending gonopore elongate, slender. Phallotheca: Spine relatively short, tapered toward apex; sclerotized dorsal margin of phallotheca with a triangular projection near apex and with a retrorse barb proximally.

Female: Elongate ovoid; total length 2.17– 2.35, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.52–1.65, width pronotum 0.78–0.84. COL- ORATION (fig. 3): As in male. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: As in male. STRUC- TURE: Similar to male. GENITALIA: Not examined.

ETYMOLOGY: Named after Michael D. Schwartz, who collected and documented the hosts of many of the known specimens available for the genus Salicopsallus .

HOSTS: Zizyphus obtusifolia canescens (Hooker ex T&G) ( Rhamnaceae ).

DISTRIBUTION (map 8): Known only from Yavapai County, central Arizona.

HOLOTYPE: USA: Arizona: Yavapai Co.: Just N of Wickenberg [33.96864 ° N 112.72962 ° W], 625 m, 19 Jun 1980, R.T. Schuh, Zizyphus obtusifolia canescens (A. Gray) M.C. Johnst. (Rhamnaceae) , det. B. Ertter, 1980 NYBG, 1Oi ( AMNH _PBI 00063162) ( AMNH).

PARATYPES: USA: Arizona: Yavapai Co.: Just N of Wickenberg, 33.96864 ° N 112.72962 ° W, 625 m, 19 Jun 1980, R.T. Schuh, Zizyphus obtusifolia canescens (Rhamnaceae) , det. B. Ertter, 1980 NYBG, 3Oi ( AMNH _PBI 00062710, AMNH _PBI 00062711, AMNH _PBI 00063161), 21♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00062716– AMNH _PBI 00062731, AMNH _PBI 00063163– AMNH _PBI 00063167) ( AMNH), 2♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00062714, AMNH _PBI 00062715) ( CNC), 2♀ ( AMNH _PBI 00062712, AMNH _PBI 00062713) ( USNM).