MURAENIDAE

Golani, Daniel & Fricke, Ronald, 2018, Checklist of the Red Sea Fishes with delineation of the Gulf of Suez, Gulf of Aqaba, endemism and Lessepsian migrants, Zootaxa 4509 (1), pp. 1-215 : 19-24

MURAENIDAE

Echidna nebulosa (Ahl 1789)

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt ( Marshall 1952), Israel ( Ben-Tuvia & Steinitz 1952), Jordan ( Khalaf & Disi 1997).

Red Sea main basin: Egypt ( Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena nebulosa ), Eritrea ( Borsieri 1904, as Muraena nebulosa ), Saudi Arabia ( Botros 1971, as Muraena nebulosa ), Yemen ( Botros 1971, as Muraena nebulosa ). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa east to Panama.

Echidna polyzona (Richardson 1845)

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt ( Marshall 1952), Israel ( Randall & Golani 1995), Jordan ( Khalaf 2004).

Red Sea main basin: Egypt ( Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena polyzona ).

General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Marshall and Tuamotu islands.

Enchelycore bayeri (Schultz 1953)

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt ( Randall & Golani 1995).

Red Sea main basin: Egypt ( Randall & Golani 1995), Saudi Arabia ( Randall & Golani 1995).

General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Réunion, Maldives and Chagos Archipelago east to Line, Marquesas and Society islands.

Enchelycore schismatorhynchus (Bleeker 1853)

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: ¯

Red Sea main basin: Egypt ( Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena hemprichii ; Böhlke & Smith 2002, Debelius 2007 as Gymnothorax monochrous ).

General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Chagos Archipelago east to Society and Marquesas islands.

Gymnomuraena zebra (Shaw 1797)

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: Jordan ( Khalaf & Disi 1997, as Echidna zebra ).

Red Sea main basin: Egypt ( Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena zebra ), Eritrea (Clark et al. 1968, as Echidna zebra ), Saudi Arabia (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775, as Muraena ophis ; see Fricke 2008); Yemen (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775, as Muraena ophis ; see Fricke 2008).

General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa east to Revillagigedo Archipelago and Mexico.

Gymnothorax angusticauda (Weber & de Beaufort 1916)

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt ( Randall & Golani 1995).

Red Sea main basin: Saudi Arabia ( Bogorodsky et al. 2014b).

General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Indonesia, Papua New Guinea.

Gymnothorax atolli (Pietschmann 1935)

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: Israel ( Böhlke & McCosker 2001).

Red Sea main basin: ¯

General distribution: Red Sea, western Pacific: southern Japan, Lord Howe Island, Hawaiian Islands Chain.

* Gymnothorax baranesi Smith, Brokovich & Einbinder 2008

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: Israel ( Smith et al. 2008).

Red Sea main basin: ¯

General distribution: Gulf of Aqaba endemic.

Gymnothorax buroensis (Bleeker 1857)

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt ( Marshall 1952, as Gymnothorax meleagris ), Israel ( Randall & Golani 1995), Jordan ( Khalaf 2004).

Red Sea main basin: Egypt ( Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena corallina ), Eritrea ( Tortonese 1957, as Gymnothorax meleagris and G. corallinus ).

General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa east to Panama.

Gymnothorax elegans Bliss 1883

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: Jordan ( Ajiad & El-Absy 1986, as Lycodontis elegans ).

Red Sea main basin: ¯

General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Hawaiian and Society islands.

Gymnothorax favagineus Bloch & Schneider 1801

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: ¯

Red Sea main basin: Yemen ( Randall 1994c).

General distribution: Southern Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to southern Japan and Papua New Guinea.

Gymnothorax flavimarginatus (Rüppell 1830)

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt ( Marshall 1952, as Gymnothorax flavimarginata ), Jordan ( Khalaf 2004).

Red Sea main basin: Egypt ( Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena flavimarginata ), Sudan ( Randall & Golani 1995), Eritrea ( Tortonese 1957), Saudi Arabia ( Roux-Estève & Fourmanoir 1955, as Gymnothorax flavomarginatus ). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa east to Panama.

Gymnothorax griseus (Lacepède 1803)

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt ( Marshall 1952, as Gymnothorax geometrica ), Israel ( Steinitz & Ben-Tuvia 1955, as Gymnothorax geometricus ; Tortonese 1968, as Echidna grisea ), Jordan ( Bouchon et al. 1981, as Siderea grisea ).

Red Sea main basin: Egypt ( Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena geometrica ; Diamant & Shpigel 1985, as Siderea grisea ), Sudan ( Botros 1971, as Gymnothorax geometricus ; Krupp 1990, as Siderea grisea ), Eritrea (Rüppell 1830, as Muraena geometrica ), Saudi Arabia (Rüppell 1838, as Muraena bilineata ; Tortonese 1983, as Echidna grisea ), Yemen ( Debelius 2007, as Siderea grisea ).

General distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East Africa and Transkei ( South Africa) to Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes.

Gymnothorax hepaticus (Rüppell 1830)

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt ( Randall & Golani 1995), Jordan ( Khalaf 2004, as Gymnothorax monochrous ).

Red Sea main basin: Egypt ( Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena hepatica ), Sudan ( Bamber 1915, as Gymnothorax hepatica ), Eritrea ( Kossmann & Räuber 1877, as Muraena cinerascens ), Saudi Arabia (Rüppell 1830, as Muraena cinerascens ), Yemen (D'Ancona 1928, as Leptocephalus muraenae hepatica ).

General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: India east to Samoa.

Gymnothorax javanicus (Bleeker 1859)

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: Jordan ( Khalaf 2004).

Red Sea main basin: Egypt ( Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena javanica ), Sudan ( Randall & Golani 1995), Yemen (Heda et al. 1998).

General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands, Pitcairn Group and Cocos Island.

Gymnothorax johnsoni (Smith 1962)

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt ( Randall & Golani 1995), Israel (McCosker et al. 1983), Jordan ( Khalaf & Disi 1997).

Red Sea main basin: Eritrea ( Randall & Golani 1995).

General distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East Africa to Madagascar and Mascarenes.

Gymnothorax moluccensis (Bleeker 1864)

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: ¯

Red Sea main basin: Yemen ( Randall & Golani 1995).

General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Christmas Island and Indonesia to Gulf of Thailand and Queensland ( Australia).

Gymnothorax nudivomer (Günther 1867)

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt ( Randall & Golani 1995), Israel ( Fowler & Steinitz 1956), Jordan ( Khalaf & Disi 1997). Red Sea main basin: ¯

General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands.

Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl 1789)

Red Sea: Egypt ( Haroun et al. 2017).

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: Israel ( Randall & Golani 1995, as Siderea picta ).

Red Sea main basin: Eritrea (Tortonese 1935), Saudi Arabia ( Tortonese 1983).

General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa east to Panama.

Gymnothorax pindae Smith 1962

Red Sea: Egypt ( Haroun et al. 2017).

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: Israel ( Randall & Golani 1995).

Red Sea main basin: ¯

General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group.

Gymnothorax pseudoherrei Böhlke 2000

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: ¯

Red Sea main basin: Eritrea ( Randall & Golani 1995, as Gymnothorax herrei ).

General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philippines and Solomon Islands.

Gymnothorax punctatus Bloch & Schneider 1801

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt ( Lieske & Myers 2010), Israel ( Fowler & Steinitz 1956; Randall & Golani 1995).

Red Sea main basin: -

General distribution: Red Sea, Western Indian Ocean: East Africa to western India.

Gymnothorax randalli Smith & Böhlke 1997

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt ( Randall & Golani 1995, as Gymnothorax punctatofasciatus ).

Red Sea main basin: Saudi Arabia ( Bogorodsky et al. 2014b).

General distribution: Red Sea, Indian Ocean: Lombok ( Indonesia).

Gymnothorax reticularis Bloch 1795

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: Israel ( Randall & Golani 1995).

Red Sea main basin: Saudi Arabia ( Bogorodsky et al. 2014b).

General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to southern Japan and New Guinea.

Remark: Lessepsian migrant into eastern Mediterranean (see Stern & Goren 2013).

Gymnothorax rueppelliae (McClelland 1844)

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt ( Randall & Golani 1995), Israel ( Randall & Golani 1995), Jordan ( Khalaf 2004).

Red Sea main basin: Egypt ( Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena rüppellii ).

General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands.

Gymnothorax thyrsoideus (Richardson 1845)

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: ¯

Red Sea main basin: Egypt ( Debelius 2007, as Siderea thyrsoidea ).

General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Maldives east to Line and Tuamotu islands.

Gymnothorax undulatus (Lacepède 1803)

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt ( Randall & Golani 1995), Israel ( Steinitz & Ben-Tuvia 1955, as Gymnothorax undulata ). Red Sea main basin: Egypt ( Klunzinger 1871, as Muraena undulata ), Sudan ( Debelius 2007), Eritrea (D'Ancona 1928, as Muraena undulata ; Tortonese 1935), Yemen (D'Ancona 1928, as Leptocephalus muraena undulatae ). General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa east to Panama.

Muraena helena Linnaeus 1758

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt ( Randall & Golani 1995).

Red Sea main basin: ¯

General distribution: Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic: British Isles to Cape Verde Islands.

Remark. Anti-Lessepsian migrant that originated from Mediterranean Sea ( Randall & Golani 1995).

Strophidon sathete (Hamilton 1822)

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt ( Ajiad 1987b, as Thyrsoidea macrura).

Red Sea main basin: ¯

General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Mariana and Society islands.

Uropterygius concolor Rüppell 1838

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: ¯

Red Sea main basin: Egypt ( Klunzinger 1871, as Gymnomuraena concolor ), Eritrea (Rüppell 1838).

General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Mariana Islands and Marquesas Islands.

* Uropterygius genie Randall & Golani 1995

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt ( Randall & Golani 1995).

Red Sea main basin: Egypt ( Randall & Golani 1995).

General distribution: Red Sea endemic.

* Uropterygius golanii McCosker & Smith 1997

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: Israel ( McCosker & Smith 1997), Egypt ( McCosker & Smith 1997).

Red Sea main basin: ¯

General distribution: Gulf of Aqaba endemic.

Uropterygius macrocephalus (Bleeker 1865)

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt ( Randall & Golani 1995, as Uropterygius makatei ).

Red Sea main basin: ¯

General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: western Mascarenes; Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) east to Panama.

Uropterygius micropterus (Bleeker 1852)

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: Egypt ( Randall & Golani 1995).

Red Sea main basin: ¯

General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Phoenix Islands.

Uropterygius nagoensis Hatooka 1984

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: ¯

Red Sea main basin: Egypt ( Randall & Golani 1995), Sudan ( Randall & Golani 1995).

General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Ryukyu Islands; Papua New Guinea east to Society Islands.

Uropterygius polyspilus (Regan 1909)

Gulf of Suez: ¯

Gulf of Aqaba: ¯

Red Sea main basin: Egypt ( Marshall 1952), Saudi Arabia ( Randall & Golani 1995).

General distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Hawaiian, Line and Society islands.