Psiloderces Simon, 1892

Chang, Wan-Jin & Li, Shuqiang, 2020, Fourteen new species of the spider genus Psiloderces Simon, 1892 from Southeast Asia (Araneae, Psilodercidae), ZooKeys 902, pp. 61-105 : 61

Genus Psiloderces Simon, 1892

Psiloderces Simon, 1892: 40.

Psiloderces : Deeleman-Reinhold, 1995: 7.

Type species.

Psiloderces egeria Simon, 1892 from the Philippines.

Emended diagnosis.

Psiloderces resembles Thaiderces by having a shallow, dark brown fovea, a cheliceral promargin with a lamina bearing 3 triangular extensions, the retromargin with 2 small teeth, and the anterior part of the thoracic region is distinctly elevated, but it can be differentiated by the following characters: 1) the presence of a cymbial protrusion (vs. absent in Thaiderces ); 2) the presence of an inconspicuous clypeal protrusion in P. enigmatus Deeleman-Reinhold, 1995, P. pulcher Deeleman-Reinhold, 1995, P. incomptus , P. nasicornis , P. gawanaensis sp. nov., P. cuyapoensis sp. nov., P. xichang sp. nov., P. cattienensis sp. nov., P. pingguo sp. nov., and P. penajamensis sp. nov. (vs. absent in Thaiderces ); and 3) the presence or absence of a laminar apophysis or a bulge. If present, then the embolus and laminar apophysis are not separated basally, or the bulge is separated basally from the embolus (vs. absence of bulge and such combination of embolus and laminar apophysis in Thaiderces ).

Remarks.

The type species of the genus is known from a female, and the female genitalia is insufficient for genus identification. However, the somatic morphology together with the morphology of male of the species and DNA barcoding data all confirm that these species belong to the genus Psiloderces .

Species groups.

Nine Psiloderces species groups were established by Deeleman-Reinhold (1995). They are:

althepoides -group: endogyne with a pair of sessile spermathecae; bulb pyriform, with tapering tip, extremely long legs. Species included: P. althepoides Deeleman-Reinhold, 1995 (♂♀).

egeria -group: endogyne with a pair of sausage-like spermathecae; bulb syringiform. Species included: P. palopoensis sp. nov. (♂♀) and P. egeria (♀) (type species).

enigmatus -group: endogyne with a pair of sessile or sausage-like spermathecae; embolus arises distally from bulb; male with clypeus projection. Species included: P. gawanaensis sp. nov. (♂♀), P. cuyapoensis sp. nov. (♂♀), P. xichang sp. nov. (♂♀), P. penajamensis sp. nov. (♂), P. enigmatus (♂♀), P. pulcher (♂♀), and P. tesselatus (♀).

howarthi -group: endogyne with membranous projection, guiding ridges, and a pair of sausage-like, sessile spermathecae; bulb syringiform. Species included: P. howarthi Deeleman-Reinhold, 1995 (♂♀).

leucopygius -group: endogyne with 2 pairs of pedunculated spermathecae; palp with simple syringiform bulb. Species included: P. pingguo sp. nov. (♂♀), P. elasticus (♀), P. dicellocerus (♂), P. incomptus (♂), P. leucopygius Deeleman-Reinhold, 1995 (♂♀), P. vallicola Deeleman-Reinhold, 1995 (♂♀), P. limosa (♂), P. coronatus Deeleman-Reinhold, 1995 (♂♀), and P. penaeorum (♀).

ligula -group: endogyne with sausage-like spermathecae; male with coiled embolus with spatula-shaped tip. Species included: P. ligula Baert, 1988 (♂♀).

longipalpis -group: endogyne with a pair of sessile spermathecae; bulb constricted medially, embolus arises distally; male without clypeus protrusion. Species included: P. grohotensis sp. nov. (♂♀), P. bangkiraiensis sp. nov. (♂♀), P. bolang sp. nov. (♂♀), P. wangou sp. nov. (♂♀), P. malinoensis sp. nov. (♂♀), P. longipalpis Baert 1988 (♂♀), P. nasicornis (♂), P. torajanus Deeleman-Reinhold, 1995 (♂♀), P. leclerci Deeleman-Reinhold, 1995 (♂♀), and P. kalimantan (♀).

mulcatus -group: endogyne with a pair of stalked or pedunculated spermathecae; bulb with indentation medially, embolus arises distally. Species included: P. heise sp. nov. (♂♀) and P. bontocensis sp. nov. (♀).

septentrionalis -group: endogyne with 2 pairs of sessile sausage-like spermathecae; bulb simple syringiform. Species included: P. cattienensis sp. nov. (♂♀), P. septentrionalis Deeleman-Reinhold, 1995 (♂♀), P. suthepensis Deeleman-Reinhold, 1995 (♂♀), P. albostictus Deeleman-Reinhold, 1995 (♂♀), and P. fredstonei (♂).

Distribution.

The genus is known from China, Vietnam to the Philippines, and south to Indonesia (Kalimantan and Sulawesi).