Anthurium Dactylophyllium (Schott) Engler, emend. Croat & Carlsen, Prodr. Syst. Aroid. 542. 1860. Lectotype (designated here): Anthurium kunthii Poepp., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 84-85. 1845.
|
publication ID |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.23.4754 |
|
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/835C0A0B-B6C6-5CD0-AF17-4720DBA89BE0 |
|
treatment provided by |
|
|
scientific name |
Anthurium Dactylophyllium (Schott) Engler, emend. Croat & Carlsen, Prodr. Syst. Aroid. 542. 1860. Lectotype (designated here): Anthurium kunthii Poepp., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 84-85. 1845. |
| status |
|
Anthurium Dactylophyllium (Schott) Engler, emend. Croat & Carlsen, Prodr. Syst. Aroid. 542. 1860. Lectotype (designated here): Anthurium kunthii Poepp., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 84-85. 1845. Figures 1 View Figure 1 , 2 View Figure 2
Anthurium grex Schizoplacium Schott, Prodr. Syst. Aroid. 538. 1860. Lectotype (designated here): Anthurium palmatum (L.) Schott, Wiener Z. Kunst 1829(3): 828. 1829.
Remarks.
Mostly appressed-climbing or scandent plants with internodes usually longer than broad, or terrestrial short stemmed plants; roots moderately sparse at each node on climbing plants, sometimes moderately dense on terrestrial species with short internodes; cataphylls usually persisting as fibers, sometimes deciduous, rarely persisting intact, the cataphyll fibers typically pale, sometimes dark reddish brown; petioles typically subterete, usually at least weakly sulcate adaxially, typically drying greenish to gray-green, sometimes dark brown; blades palmately divided and deeply lobed with 5-7 lobes united at the base (i.e. palmatifid leaves) ( Figs 1B View Figure 1 , 2C View Figure 2 ) ( Anthurium expansum , Anthurium longissimum , and Anthurium palmatum ) or palmatisect with segments (leaflets) divided completely to base and free ( Fig. 2A-B View Figure 2 ), sometimes 3-sect ( Fig. 1C View Figure 1 ) ( Anthurium arisaemoides Madison, Anthurium thrinax Madison, Anthurium triphyllum , and Anthurium trisectum Sodiro), more commonly 5-11-sect ( Fig. 1A, D View Figure 1 ) ( Anthurium brevipedunculatum Madison, Anthurium clavigerum , Anthurium croatii Madison, Anthurium eminens , Anthurium kunthii , Anthurium pentaphyllum , Anthurium polyschistum R.E. Schultes & Idrobo, and Anthurium sinuatum ), the petiolules of each segment short or long ( Fig. 2A-B View Figure 2 ), the segments usually entire, sometimes sinuate ( Anthurium clavigerum , Anthurium sinuatum ) or weakly to strongly pinnately lobed ( Anthurium clavigerum ); the medial segment or lobe largest; side segments or lobes diminishing in size; juvenile blades simple; leaf surface usually smooth, glabrous, generally drying greenish, sometimes yellow-brown or dark brown; midrib typically raised on both surfaces; primary lateral veins typically conspicuous, usually well spaced, weakly raised or sunken above, usually narrowly rounded and prominently raised below; tertiary veins typically visible, sometimes moderately well-raised beneath. INFLORESCENCE short- ( Anthurium brevipedunculatum , Anthurium pentaphyllum ) or more commonly long-pedunculate; spathe typically green, spreading, sometimes ovate and erect ( Anthurium brevipedunculatum ), usually persistent; spadix green to purplish violet, usually long-tapered, sometimes short-tapered. FRUITS purple, violet-purple or reddish-purple berries.
Species of Anthurium included in section Dactylophyllium , under this revised delimitation, are mainly distributed in the Amazon lowlands, with a few widespread species ranging into Central America ( Anthurium clavigerum , Anthurium kunthii , and Anthurium trisectum ), and into the Atlantic coast of South America to Brazil ( Anthurium pentaphyllum ). Three taxa have disjunct distributions in the coastal mountain ranges of the Cordillera Central of Venezuela ( Anthurium digitatum and Anthurium longissimum ) and the Lesser Antilles ( Anthurium palmatum ).
Presently, 24 accepted taxa (20 species and 4 varieties or subspecies) occur in section Dactylophyllium as emended here. These taxa and their geographic distribution are as follow:
Anthurium arisaemoides Madison (Ecuador, Peru)
Anthurium brevipedunculatum Madison (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
Anthurium buchtienii K.Krause (Bolivia)
Anthurium clavigerum Poepp. (widespread, Nicaragua to Venezuela and Peru)
Anthurium croatii Madison (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
Anthurium digitatum (Jacq.) Schott (Venezuela)
Anthurium eminens Schott var. eminens (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana)
Anthurium eminens Schott var. longispadix Croat & M.Mora (Colombia)
Anthurium expansum Gleason (French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela)
Anthurium kunthii var. cylindricum Croat (Bolivia)
Anthurium kunthii Poepp. var. kunthii (Costa Rica to Peru and Bolivia) ( Fig. 2A View Figure 2 )
Anthurium longissimum Pittier ssp. longissimum (Venezuela) ( Fig. 1B View Figure 1 )
Anthurium longissimum Pittier ssp. nirguense Bunting (Venezuela)
Anthurium moonenii Croat & E.G. Gonçalves (French Guiana)
Anthurium palmatum (L.) Schott (Lesser Antilles) ( Fig. 2C View Figure 2 )
Anthurium pentaphyllum (Aubl.) G. Don var. bombacifolium (Schott) Madison (Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala)
Anthurium pentaphyllum (Aubl.) G.Don var. pentaphyllum (widespread Costa Rica to the Guianas, Brazil and Peru) ( Figs 1A View Figure 1 , 2B View Figure 2 )
Anthurium polydactylum Madison (Bolivia, Peru) ( Fig. 1D View Figure 1 )
Anthurium polyschistum R.E. Schultes & Idrobo (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
Anthurium sinuatum Benth ex Schott (Brazil, French Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela)
Anthurium thrinax Madison (French Guiana, Guyana)
Anthurium triphyllum (Willd. ex Schult.) Brongn. ex Schott (Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru)
Anthurium trisectum Sodiro (Costa Rica to Ecuador) ( Fig. 1C View Figure 1 )
Anthurium zuloagae Croat (Colombia)
There are also at least four more currently undescribed species in the section, and at least two more varieties that need formal recognition. A complete taxonomic revision, including identification keys, species synonymy, descriptions and illustrative photographs, of all the species of Anthurium with palmately divided leaves comprising the newly amended section Dactylophyllium is indeed needed, but beyond the scope of this article.
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.