Plusiocampa ( Plusiocampa ) bulgarica Silvestri, 1931

Sendra, Alberto, Stoev, Pavel & Selfa, Jesús, 2025, Cave-adapted Plusiocampinae (Diplura, Campodeidae) from the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2), pp. 317-340 : 317-340

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.72.162647
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scientific name	Plusiocampa ( Plusiocampa ) bulgarica Silvestri, 1931
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Plusiocampa ( Plusiocampa) bulgarica Silvestri, 1931

Figs 5 View Figure 5 , 6 View Figure 6 , 7 View Figure 7 , 8 View Figure 8 , 9 View Figure 9 , 21 View Figure 21

Plusiocampa ( Plusiocampa) bulgarica Silvestri, 1931: 103, figs vi – viii. Type locality: Cave Charamijskata, village Trigrad, Bulgaria.

Plusiocampa bulgarica : Bareth, 1974: 657.

Plusiocampa View in CoL ( Stygiocampa [sic!]) bulgarica : Beron et al., 2011: 610.

Plusiocampa View in CoL ( Stygiocampa [sic!]) bulgarica : Beron, 2015: 92.

New material examined.

Bulgaria: Western Rhodopes Mts . • 2 ex., Asenovgrad District, Village Mostovo, Cave Gargina Dupka, 900 m alt., 14 Mar. 1992, leg. B. Petrov • 2 ex., same locality, 19 Apr. 1993, leg. P. Stoev • 2 males, same locality, guano, rocks, 26 Feb. 2009, leg. S. Deleva, A. Pavlova • 1 female, same locality, pitfall traps, 10 Apr. 2010 – 18 Apr. 2011, leg. S. Deleva • 1 ex., Asenovgrad District, Village Belitsa, Shepran Dupka Cave , 850 m alt., 08 Oct. 2005, leg. B. Petrov, T. Ivanova, I. Borisov • 17 ex., Asenovgrad District, Village Orehovo, Cheloveshkata Peshtera cave , 1110 m alt., 14–15 Nov. 1992, leg. P. Stoev • 3 ex., same locality, 07 Jun. 2007, leg. B. Petrov, P. Stoev • 2 ex., Laki District, Agovski Kamak area, Village Dryanovo, Cave Biserna , 1140 m alt., 09 Oct. 2005, leg. B. Petrov, I. Borisov, T. Ivanova • 1 female, 1 juvenile, Laki District, Village Dryanovo, Lisek Cave , 15 Nov. 2009, leg. S. Deleva • 3 females, 1 male, 1 juv., Laki District, Staro Selo close to Village Dryanovo, Cave Barzibogovata , 1110 m alt., 20 Oct. 2005, leg. I. Borisov • 10 ex., Dospat District, Village Borino, Hut Orphei, Cave Izvora , 20 Mar. 1993, leg. T. Ivanova • 1 ex., Chepelare District, Village Zabardo, Cave Tamnata Dupka , 1250 m alt., clay, 20 Mar. 2004, leg. B. Petrov, T. Stoyanov • 7 ex., same locality, 22 May 2010, leg. B. Petrov, P. Beron, T. Georgieva, S. Stoycheva • 3 ex., town Chepelare, Cave Samurskata , 28 Nov. 1994, leg. B. Petrov • 4 ex., Devin District, Village Trigrad, Cave Suhodolska , 1400 m alt., 13 Jul. 1997, leg. B. Petrov • 4 ex., Devin District, Village Yagodina, Cave Gorna Karanska , 1100 m alt., 04 Aug. 1997, leg. B. Petrov • 66 ex., same locality, trap at the end of the cave, 12 Mar. 1998 leg. B. Petrov • 2 ex., Devin District, Village Yagodina, Sanchova Dupka Cave , 990 m alt., clay-guano, 17 Sep. 2005, leg. B. Petrov • 1 ex., Devin District, Village Kesten, Cave Forgovo 1, 1300 m alt., 01 Oct. 2000, leg. B. Petrov • 2 ex., Devin District, Village Breze, Cave Byaloto Kamene , 1230 m alt., 04 Mar. 2007, leg. B. Petrov • 2 ex., Smolyan District, Village Mogilitsa, Cave Uhlovitsa , 1000 m alt., 06 Aug. 1999, leg. B. Petrov, V. Beshkov • 2 ex., Smolyan District, Village Progled, Cave Sbirkovata , 1350 m alt., 07 Aug. 1999, leg. B. Petrov, V. Beshkov • 1 male, same locality, 21 May 2017, leg. D. Georgiev • 10 ex., Smolyan District, Village Borikovo, Cave Borikovskata , 1120 m alt., clay, rotten wood, 19 Mar. 2004, leg. B. Petrov • 4 ex., Smolyan District, Village Borikovo, Borikovskata Peshtera Cave , 01 Jun. 2003, leg. T. Ivanova • 2 ex., Smolyan District, Village Gela, Cave Lednitsata , 1620 m alt., 19 Sep. 2005, leg. B. Petrov • 1 ex., Smolyan District, Village Dolno Vlahovo, Cave Potoka , 1150 m alt., 16 Jul. 2006, leg. B. Petrov • 2 ex., Smolyan District, Village Mogilitsa, Cave Byala Voda , 1045 m alt., 13 Jul. 2006, leg. B. Petrov • 1 ex., Smolyan District, Village Polkovnik Serafimovo, cave near Pametnika , 1080 m alt., 14 Jul. 2006, leg. B. Petrov • 4 ex., Smolyan District, Pamporovo, Mecha Dupka Cave , 1560 m alt., under stones in clay, 19 Oct. 2006, leg. B. Petrov, T. Stoyanov • 3 ex., Rudozem District, Village Boevo, Cave Boevskata, 1065 m alt., 14 Jul. 2006, B. Petrov leg.; Eastern Rhodopes Mts . • 1 ex., Dzhebel District, Village Stremtsi, Gyaurhambar Cave , 520 m alt., 08 Jun. 2007, leg. P. Stoev, B. Petrov; Pirin Mts . • 3 ex., Cave Aleko , 1692–1760 m alt., 41.72768 ° N, 23.32350 ° E, 26 Jun. 2002, leg. B. Petrov GoogleMaps • 1 ex., same locality, 20. 11. 2011, leg. N. Toshkova GoogleMaps • 1 ex., Banski Suhodol, Cave BS 25, BFSp No. 2557, 41.79817 ° N, 23.40306 ° E, 2310 m alt., 02 Sep. 2013, leg. S. Goranov, S. Deltshev leg. GoogleMaps • 5 ex., Sandanski District, above Village Ilindentsi, Cave Sharaliiska Peshtera , 1650 m alt., 21 Aug. 2002, leg. B. Petrov, P. Beron; Predbalkan • 1 ex., Pleven District, Village Dragana, Cave Skoka , under stones, clay-guano, 29 Jan. 1998, leg. B. Petrov, T. Ivanova, T. Troanski .

Diagnosis.

( Silvestri 1931; Bareth and Condé 2001; Sendra et al. 2020): Elongated body (Figs 6 a View Figure 6 , 7 a View Figure 7 ). Epicuticle smooth at high magnifications (Fig. 7 c View Figure 7 ). Antennae with 24–30 antennomeres; distal whorl of 30–36 gouge sensilla that are 45–60 µm long with an apical thin extension (Fig. 5 c – f View Figure 5 ); 10 complex olfactory chemoreceptors in cupuliform organ each with two concentric floods around a central protrusion (Fig. 7 a View Figure 7 ); border of cupuliform organ with a whorl of presumably glandular setae long and short, long ones with a shallow distal part with an apical opening (Fig. 5 a, b View Figure 5 ); protruding frontal process with tubercular setae in most of the population (Fig. 6 b View Figure 6 ), rarer non-tuberculated population. Pronotum with 1 + 1 ma, 4 + 4 la, 2 + 2 lp macrosetae; mesonotum with 1 + 1 ma, 3 + 3 la, 2 + 2 lp, 1 + 1 mp macrosetae; metanotum with 1 + 1 ma, 2 + 2 la, 2 + 2 lp, 1 + 1 mp macrosetae; long, barbed notal macrosetae; a few long, distally barbed notal clothing setae (Figs 6 c, d View Figure 6 , 7 b View Figure 7 ). Two or three ventral tibial macrosetae; unequal claws (ratio 1.30-1.5) with large lateral crests, posterior claw with a large backward overhang (Fig. 8 a – d View Figure 8 ). Urotergites I – II with 1 + 1 post macrosetae; urotergite III with 0 + 0–1 + 1 la, 1 + 1–2 + 2 post macrosetae; urotergite IV with 1 + 1 la, 5 + 5 post macrosetae; urotergites V with 2 + 2 la, 5 + 5 post macrosetae; urotergites VI – VII with 3 + 3 la, 5 + 5 post macrosetae; urotergites VIII with 6 + 6 post macrosetae; abdominal segment IX with 8 + 8 post macrosetae (Fig. 7 d, e View Figure 7 ). Urosternite I with 7 + 7, urosternites II – VII with 5 + 5, urosternite VIII with 2 + 2 macrosetae; stylus setae with a few barbs (Fig. 8 e View Figure 8 ); typical exertile vesicles (Fig. 8 e, f View Figure 8 ). Male with a large area of glandular g 1 setae and enlarged appendages with glandular a 1 setae (Fig. 9 a View Figure 9 ); female with subcylindrical appendages with glandular a 1 setae (Fig. 9 b, c View Figure 9 ).

Habitat and distribution.

A cave-adapted species, which is found in a high number of caves in the studied area. This species appears to be common in the Rhodopes, Pirin, the central parts of the Balkan Mountains, and the Predbalkan. In the Rhodopes, P. bulgarica is distributed throughout the region, and in the present study, it was recorded for the first time in the eastern part, in the region of Dzhebel. However, so far it has not been recorded in the lower, warmer parts of East Rhodopes. In Pirin, the species inhabits caves above 2000 m above sea level, and also in the Western and Central Rhodopes many of the localities are above 1000 m, which clearly shows that the species is cold-resistant. There are only two records of the species in Predbalkan and one in Central Stara Planina Mts. It is worth mentioning that some populations, particularly those of caves Boevskata and Skoka, and the caves in Pirin Mts. have non-protruding setae on frontal process in contrast to all other tuberculated setae populations (Fig. 21 View Figure 21 ).