Cixiidae, Spinola, 1839

Holzinger, Werner E. & Löcker, Birgit, 2023, First record of the tribe Oecleini in Australia (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae) with the description of a new genus and species, Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 63 (2), pp. 349-361 : 359

Key to the Cixiidae tribes in Australia

The phylogeny of the Cixiidae and the internal classification into subfamilies and tribes is still not clear. The “traditional” classification as presented by EMELJANOV (2002) and HOLZINGER et al. (2002) has been questioned by several authors (e.g. CEOTTO & BOURGOIN 2008, CEOTTO et al. 2008, LUO et al. 2021), but no satisfactory phylogeny has yet been generated using contemporary methods. We maintain the traditional classification until an accepted modern phylogeny is completed. The only subfamily of Cixiidae known from Australia is Cixiinae with nine tribes, see Table 1 for recent revisions and notes on Australian tribes. An updated key to these tribes, based on the key first presented by LÖCKER & FLETCHER (2006 and updates), is provided here.

1 Vertex very broad (width more than 3× its median length). Pronotum expanded laterally, with a circular, inflated area on each side ( Fig. 8C ). Hind tibia usually with 7 or more apical spines. .................................... Cajetini

– Vertex narrower, often as long as broad or longer than broad ( Fig. 2C ). Pronotum usually not expanded laterally, never with inflated circular areas. Hind tibia usually with 5–6 apical spines ( Fig. 1F ) (rarely with 7). ... ..................................................................................... 2

2(1) Forewing with tubercles both in cells and along veins ( Fig. 8A ). Mesonotum usually with five longitudinal carinae. .................................................... Mnemosynini

– Forewingwithtuberclesonlyalongveins ( Fig.8B ).Mesonotum with three or five longitudinal carinae. .............. 3

3(2) Median carina of frons forked ( Figs 8E, G ). Mesonotum with three to five longitudinal carinae. .............. 4

– Median carina of frons unforked ( Figs 2D , 5C–D , 9E ). Mesonotum with three longitudinal carinae ( Fig. 2C ). ... 5

4(3) Median longitudinal carina of frons bifurcated for less than half of length of frons ( Fig. 8E ). Pterostigma distinct and long, at least as long as basal cell ( Fig. 8D ). ........... .................................................................. Pentastirini

– Median longitudinal carina of frons bifurcated for more than half of length of frons ( Fig. 8G ). Pterostigma absent or, if present, indistinct and shorter than basal cell ( Fig. 8F ). ....................................................................... Cixiini (part): Aka White, 1879 and Yanganaka Löcker, 2015

5(3) Median ocellus of frons present ( Fig. 9E ) and/or pedicel of antenna at least three times longer than its diameter ( Fig. 8H ). ........................................................ 6

– Median ocellus of frons absent ( Figs 2D , 8G ) and pedicel of antenna not longer than twice its diameter ( Fig. 8I ). ......................................................................... 7

6(5) Forewing with ScP+RA, RP and MP (sensu BOURGO- IN et al. 2014; Sc, R and M in previous terminology, as in LÖCKER et al. 2007) arising separately from a single common point on the basal cell (or forming a minute common stem up to 3× the diameter of a tubercle) ( Fig. 9A ). ..................................................................... Andini

– Forewing with ScP+RA, RP (and sometimes also MP) forming a short or long common stem (at least 6× the diameter of a tubercle) ( Fig. 9B ). ...................... Brixiini

7(5) Coxa of fore leg with a distinct denticle on its distal part ( Figs 1G, H ). ............................................. Oecleini

– Coxa of fore leg without distal denticle ( Fig. 1I ). ........ 8

8(7) Apex of head with a single transverse carina ( Fig. 9F ). ................................................................................. 9

– Apex of head with two transverse carinae ( Fig. 9G ). ..... ................................................................................... 10

9(8) Second hind tarsomere with 5 or more platellae ( Fig. 9C ). ..................................................... Gelastocephalini

– Second hind tarsomere with 3 or fewer platellae or very fine setae ( Fig. 9D ). ............................ Eucarpiini (part)

10(8) Vertex longer than wide ( Fig. 1A ) and hind tibia with 5 apical spines. .................................... Eucarpiini (part)

– Vertex wider than long (or, if longer than wide, hind tibia with 6 or more apical spines). .................. Cixiini (part): Calamister Kirkaldy, 1906 , Leptolamia Metcalf, 1936 , Chidaea Emeljanov, 2000 , Tyligma Löcker & Holzinger 2020 , Yamirrina Löcker, 2020 , Leades Jacobi, 1928 , Latissima Löcker, 2020 , and Monomalpha Emeljanov, 2000 .

Figures

Fig. 8. Mnemosyne sp.: A – forewing with tubercles in cells and along veins. Chidaea bobadeenensis Löcker & Holzinger, 2019: B – forewing with tubercles only along veins. Cajeta singularis, Stål, 1866: C – pronotum with circular, inflated area. Pentastirini: D – forewing with distinct, large pterostigma; E – median carina bifurcated for less than half of length of frons. Aka hardyi Muir, 1931: F – forewing with indistinct, short pterostigma. Yanganaka ariecornia (Löcker, 2015): G – median carina bifurcated for more than half of length of frons. Solonaima sp.: H – pedicel at least three times longer than its diameter. Cixiidae: I – pedicel shorter than twice its diameter. All figures from online key (LÖCKER & FLETCHER 2006 and updates), except for G from LÖCKER (2015).

Fig. 2. Apollo maculiceps sp. nov.: A–B – habitus; C–E – head and thorax.

Fig. 1. Nesochlamys contrarius Löcker, 2010: A – vertex (from LÖCKER et al. 2010). Apollo maculiceps sp. nov.: B–E – female genitalia; F – hind leg; G–H – denticle on fore coxa. Latissima isleyensis Löcker, 2020: I – fore coxa without denticle.

Fig. 5. Apollo maculiceps sp. nov.: A – forewing; B – hindwing; C – face. Monomalpha fletcheri Emeljanov, 2000: D – face.

Fig. 9. Andes sp.: A – forewing with veins ScP+RA, RP and MP arising separately from a single common point. Cixiidae: B – forewing with veins ScP+RA forming a common stem. Cixiidae: C – second hind tarsomere with more than 5 platellae. Monomalpha fletcheri Emeljanov, 2000: D – second hind tarsomere with 3 fine setae (from LÖCKER 2020). Innobindus unicornis Löcker, 2007: E – frons with median ocellus (from LÖCKER et al. 2007). Dilacreon (Dilacreon) granulinervis (Muir, 1913): F – apex of head with a single transverse carina (from LÖCKER et al. 2010). Tyligma dandavalex Löcker & Holzinger, 2020: G – apex of head with two transverse carinae (from LÖCKER & HOLZINGER 2020).