Dysaphis karyakini, Stekolshchikov & Buga, 2018

Stekolshchikov, Andrey V. & Buga, Sergey V., 2018, The aphid fauna (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Aphidomorpha) of Murmansk province (Russia), with description of Aphis khrulevi sp. nov. and Dysaphis karyakini sp. nov. and males of Chaitophorus nigricantis Pintera, 1987, Zootaxa 4527 (4), pp. 451-493 : 474-481

Dysaphis karyakini sp. nov.

( Figs. 20–35 , Tabl. 4)

Type material. Holotype: apterous viviparous female, No. 9205, slide No. 5, specimen No. 2 (right specimen in upper row). “ Dysaphis karyakini sp. nov., 21.vii.2002, Murmansk Region, Kandalakshsky District , near vill. Luvenga, Cenolophium denudatum (Hornem.) Tutin., on root colar, leg. A.V. Stekolshchikov ” . Paratypes (all specimens from the same locality and host plant as holotype): 41 apt., No. 9205, 21.vii.2002 ; 1 apt., 8 al. and 6 ovip. No. 9205- 17.VIII, 22.vii—19.viii.2002 (adults were reared between 22.vii and 19.viii from imm. transfered to plants in laboratory conditions); 4 apt., No. 9244, 2.viii.2002; 27 apt. and 4 ovip., No. 9389, 9.viii.2004; 2 apt. and 3 males, No. 9389- 15.VIII, 15.viii.2004 (adults were reared from imm. transferred to plants in laboratory conditions); 2 apt. and 1 al., No. 9496, 17.vii.2005; 11 apt. and 1 al., No. 9720, 2.viii.2006. Holotype is deposited at ZIN RAS; paratypes are deposited at collections of ZIN RAS, NHM, and MNHN .

Etymology. The new species is named in honor of the recently deceased eminent Russian ornithologist and vice-director of the Kandalaksha State Nature Reserve Alexander Sergeevich Koryakin who devoted his whole life to study and conservation of the nature of the Kola Peninsula and the adjacent territories.

Description. Apterous viviparous female. Body elliptical or broadly elliptical, 1.4–2.1 (1.6) times as long as width. The living specimens gray-green, light gray-green or light greenish yellow with pinkish head and thorax and distinct waxy pulverulence; antennae and femora (except bases and apices) dark grey, apices of antennae, apices of femora, apices of tibia, tarsi and siphunculi dark, cauda pale. Cleared specimens with dark brown 3rd–6th (exept base of 3rd segment) or only 5th–6th antennal segments, ultimate segment of rostrum, tarsi and siphunculi; with brown head, 1st and 2nd antennal segments, penultimate segment of rostrum, femora, apices of tibia, bands on thorax and abdomen, subgenital and anal plate and cauda; with light-brown peritremes on abdomen. Thorax with wide sclerotized band on pronotum interrupted in the middle, abdominal dorsum with narrow sclerotized bands on abdominal tergites V–VIII, occasionally with very small (slightly larger than the tubercle in the base of the setae) pair sclerites on tergites III–IV, with hardly visible marginal sclerites in the form of a thin rim around large marginal tubercles and light-brown peritrems on abdominal segments I–VII; band on abdominal tergite V often short or divided into separate sclerites, bands on abdominal tergites VI–VII also, but very rare, can divided into separate sclerites; sclerotized band and marginal maculae on tergite VII never fused. Surface of head, dorsal sides of thorax, abdominal tergites I–VI and sometimes of anterior half of abdominal tergite VII reticulate, contour of cells forming by very flat fused large spinules; the reticulation on head is well marked only on occiput, on other parts of the head, on thorax, abdominal tergites I–VI and anterior half of abdominal tergite VII contours of cells are indistinct, reticulation very bad marked; surface of posterior half of abdominal tergite VII or whole abdominal tergite VII with the long rows of small pointed spinules, which on tergites VIII partially fused to form scales; surface of ventral side of thorax smooth, of abdomen with long rows of small pointed spinules sometimes forming strongly stretched reticulate cells. Setae on dorsal side of thorax and abdomen blunt or very weakly capitate, on ventral side of thorax and abdomen pointed. Pronotum without posterior pleural setae. Marginal tubercles always present on prothorax and abdominal segments I–V, they are large, flat or weakly protuberant, diameter of tubercles 2.5–8.0 times as long as high; marginal tubercles also present on metathorax in 22% of specimens (2 tubercles in 3% of specimens), on abdominal segment VI in 63% (2 tubercles in 11% of specimens) and on abdominal segment VII in 93% of specimens (2 in 61%). Spinal tubercles always present on head (2 tubercles in 99% of specimens), on pronotum in 34% of specimens (2 tubercles in 3% of specimens), on abdominal tergite VII in 48% (2 in 13%), on VIII in 99% (2 in 61%) and one tubercle present on mesonotum in 1% of specimens. Head with traces of epicranial coronal suture. Frontal tubercles low; median tubercle wide, occupies large part of frons and surpassing or rarely not reaching the level of antennal tubercles. Occipital and frontal setae blunt, setae on ventral side of head blunt or pointed. Antennae 6-segmented, 1st and 2nd antennal segments slightly wrinkled, with small scales on inner side, 3rd–6th segments with large scales. Third antennal segment with 1–32 (12.1–16.9) secondary rhinaria of different sizes (from 4 to 20 mµ), 4th segment with 4–16 (6.5–9.0) and 5th segment with 0–7 (0.0–2.5) secondary rhinaria. Setae on antennae blunt or pointed. Rostrum reaching abdominal segment I–IV. Ultimate rostral segment elongate wedge-shaped with straight or slightly concave sides, 1.91–3.20 (2.20–2.67) times as long as its basal width. Arms of mesosternal furca separated. Legs normal, setae on legs blunt or pointed, rarely finely pointed. Chaetotaxy of first tarsal segments 3, 3, 2 (very rarely on one middle leg first tarsal segment with 2 setae). Spiracles reniform. Peritremes on abdominal sternites I and II widely spaced, but sometimes separated by a distance lesser than diameter of peritreme, continuous or, rarely fused. Siphunculi cylindrical, gradually tapering towards apex, sometimes slightly curved into S-shape, coarsely imbricate and with distinct flange. Subgenital plate oval, setae on subgenital and anal plate finely pointed. Cauda escutcheon-like, with long finely pointed setae.

Measurements of holotype. Body—2208×1421, antenna—1292: III—386×43 (in the middle), IV—197, V— 142, VI—99 +281; hind femur—538, hind tibia—964; siphunculus—240×51 (in the middle); cauda—109×144 (at base) ×111 (before base). For more biometric data see Table 4.

Alate viviparous female. Body elliptical, 1.8–2.2 (2.0) times as long as its width. The living specimens light gray-green with weakly waxy pulverulence; head, thorax, antennae, apices of fore femora, middle and hind tibia, tarsi and siphunculi dark. Cleared specimens with dark head, thorax, antennae, ultimate segment of rostrum, femora (exept on base), apices of tibia, tarsi and siphunculi; with brown penultimate segment of rostrum, bands on abdomen, subgenital and anal plate and cauda; with light-brown peritremes on abdomen. Abdominal dorsum with sclerotized bands on abdominal tergites III–VIII, marginal sclerites and light-brown peritrems on abdominal segments I–VII; band on abdominal tergite III sometimes divided into separate sclerites, bands on abdominal tergites IV–V sometimes fused anterolaterally in a small sclerotized spot with a membranous area on the boundary between tergites; sclerotized band and marginal maculae on tergite VII never fused. Surface of head and meso- and metothorax wrinkled, of prothorax with the long rows of small pointed spicules, of abdominal tergites I–VI and anterior half of abdominal tergite VII reticulate (contour of cells forming by large pointed spinules), surface of posterior half of abdominal tergite VII with the long rows of small pointed spinules, which on tergites VIII partially fuse to form scales. Head without traces of epicranial coronal suture. Frontal tubercles low but distinct; median tubercle wide, occupies large part of frons and surpassing the level of antennal tubercles. Antennae 6-segmented, but one specimen has 5-segmented antennae by fussion of 3rd and 4th segments, 1st and 2nd antennal segments with small scales mostly on inner side. Third antennal segment with 27–36 (32.9) (specimen with 5-segmented antennae has 45–50 secondary rhinaria on 3rd segment) of different sizes (from 5 to 22 mµ), 4th segment with 8–15 (11.0) and 5th segment with 2–4 (2.9) secondary rhinaria; secondary rhinaria are round, projecting, with external diameter 2.3–5.2 times as long as high of rhinaria. Rostrum reaching abdominal segment I–II. Ultimate rostral segment with slightly concave sides, 2.44–2.91 (2.70) times as long as its basal width. Peritremes on abdominal sternites I and II separated by a distance lesser than diameter of peritreme or fused.

Male. Apterous. Body broadly elliptical, 1.6–1.7 times as long as width. The living specimens brownish graygreen with brown head and thorax, black antennae, apices of tibia and tarsi, grey middle and hind femora and dark grey siphunculi. Cleared specimens with dark head, prothorax, antennae, ultimate segment of rostrum, femora (except on base), apices of tibia, tarsi and siphunculi; with brown penultimate segment of rostrum, bands on abdomen, subgenital and anal plate and cauda; with light-brown peritremes on abdomen. Thorax with wide sclerotized band on pronotum, abdominal dorsum with sclerotized bands on abdominal tergites III–VIII and with marginal sclerites in the form of a thin rim around large marginal tubercles and peritrems on abdominal segments I–VII; bands on abdominal tergite IV–V often short and band on tergite III always divided into separate sclerites; sclerotized band and marginal maculae on tergite VII sometimes fused. Setae on dorsal side of thorax and abdomen blunt or pointed. Antennae 6-segmented, but one specimen has one 5-segmented antenna as a result of fusing of 3rd and 4th segments, 1st and 2nd antennal segments with small scales mostly on inner side. Third antennal segment with 13–15 (14.3) (specimen with one 5-segmented antennae has 23 secondary rhinaria on 3rd segment of this antenna) of small sizes (from 5 to 13 mµ), 4th segment with 7–14 (11.3) and 5th segment with 3–7 (5.4) secondary rhinaria. Peritremes on abdominal sternites I and II widely spaced or separated by a distance lesser than diameter of peritreme. Hind tibiae with 0–6 (2.5) round pheromone plates located on very weak swollen base of tibia.

Oviparous female. Body 1.6–1.9 (1.7) times as long as width. The living specimens pale rose or light greenish yellow with pinkish head and thorax, with weakly waxy pulverulence; apices of antennae and tibia, tarsi and siphunculi dark brown. Sclerotized bands on abdominal tergites V–VI absent or, if present, very small, no more than medium-size sclerites, bands on abdominal tergites VII–VIII also short and often divided into separate sclerites. Antennae 6-segmented, third antennal segment with 0–1 (0.1), 4th segment with 0–2 (0.6) and 5th segment with 0–1 (0.1) secondary rhinaria. Peritremes on abdominal sternites I and II widely spaced, but sometimes separated by a distance lesser than diameter of peritreme. Hind tibiae with 9–23 (14.3–18.5) round pheromone plates located on very weak swollen base of tibia.

Apterous viviparous Alate viviparous Males Oviparous females

females females

Number of samples / number of specimens 5 / 89 3 / 10 1 / 3 2 / 10

Length of body 1447 – 2436 1457 – 1969 1441 – 1452 1579 – 2030 (1819 – 2139) (1579 – 1787) (1445) (1724 – 1888)

Length of antenna 914 – 1292 996 – 1223 965 – 1004 790 – 984 (995 – 1096) (1100) (987) (836 – 944)

Length of antenna / length of body 0.46 – 0.76 0.58 – 0.71 0.66 – 0.70 0.41 – 0.56 (0.50 – 0.61) (0.59 – 0.70) (0.68) (0.49)

Hind femora length 330 – 538 452 – 538 396 – 426 330 – 406 (421 – 447) (462 – 506) (407) (358 – 388)

length / length of body 0.19 – 0.28 0.26 – 0.34 0.27 – 0.30 0.18 – 0.22

(0.20 – 0.24) (0.29) (0.28) (0.21)

length / head width across the compound eyes 0.80 – 1.10 1.09 – 1.27 0.93 – 0.95 0.82 – 0.86

(0.83 – 0.96) (1.15) (0.94) (0.84)

Hind tibia length 650 – 964 843 – 1020 660 – 721 589 – 711 (731 – 790) (853 – 943) (695) (615 – 674)

length / length of body 0.33 – 0.51 0.49 – 0.62 0.45 – 0.50 0.31 – 0.40

(0.35 – 0.44) (0.54) (0.48) (0.36)

Head width across the compound eyes 422 – 526 410 – 427 424 – 444 427 – 479

(468) (420) (434) (443)

Setae on head occipital length 10 – 18 13 – 14 15 – 18 13 – 18

(14) (16) (13)

length / articular diameter of 3rd 0.47 – 0.92 0.61 – 0.63 0.75 – 0.93 0.67 – 1.00

antennal segment (0.65 – 0.75) (0.83) (0.81)

frontal length 13 – 20 14 – 18 15 – 18 13 – 18

(16) (15) (17) (15)

length / articular diameter of 3rd 0.52 – 1.07 0.56 – 0.69 0.75 – 1.00 0.71 – 1.17

antennal segment (0.72 – 0.80) (0.61) (0.89) (0.92)

number on 1st antennal segment 5 – 10 6 – 9 6 – 9 6 – 9

(7.8) (6.0 – 7.5) (7.8) (7.2)

on 3rd antennal number 10 – 22 9 – 19 13 – 22 10 – 15

segment (13.8 – 16.0) (14.1 – 17.5) (15.2) (11.8 – 13.5)

length 10 – 15 11 – 14 15 – 18 13 – 14

(12) (13) (16) (13)

length / articular diameter of 3rd 0.44 – 0.86 0.50 – 0.65 0.75 – 0.93 0.67 – 0.92

antennal segment (0.60) (0.61) (0.81) (0.71 – 0.82) Setae on base of last number 2 – 4 2 – 4 2 – 3 2 – 3 antennal segment (2.8 – 3.2) (3.1) (2.4) (2.8)

length / articular diameter of 6th antennal 0.53 – 0.86 0.67 – 0.91 0.62 – 0.91 0.64 – 0.83

segment (0.67 – 0.77) (0.78) (0.77) (0.69 – 0.81)

length of ventral seta on hind trochanter / basal diameter of hind 0.34 – 0.62 0.33 – 0.44 0.44 – 0.57 0.39 – 0.57

femur (0.46) (0.36) (0.52) (0.45)

on hind femur length of longest dorsal 13 – 23 14 – 18 18 – 23 18 – 20

(18) (16) (19) (19)

ventral 15 – 23 14 – 18 18 – 20 15 – 20

(18) (16) (20) (18)

on hind tibia longest dorsal 28 – 58 18 – 35 30 – 43 38 – 63

(42 – 54) (30) (37) (47)

longest dorsal / mid-diameter of the hind 0.74 – 1.39 0.54 – 1.17 0.92 – 1.31 0.64 – 1.13

tibia (1.07 – 1.30) (0.91) (1.08) (0.87)

number on 2nd dorsal 1 – 3 2 2 1 – 2

segment of hind tarsus (2.0 – 2.5) (1.9)

ventral 1 – 2 1 – 3 2 – 3 2

(1.9) (2.4) (2.2)

on abdominal tergite number of spinal and marginal 9 – 20 10 – 14 13 – 22 11 – 18

III (13.4 – 14.8) (11.6) (16.3) (13.9)

length 10 – 16 9 – 15 13 – 15 13 – 15

(12 – 14) (13 – 15) (14) (13)

length / articular diameter of 3rd antennal 0.47 – 0.77 0.44 – 0.75 0.63 – 0.75 0.71 – 0.92

segment (0.60) (0.60 – 0.73) (0.68) (0.81)

on abdominal tergite number 4 – 11 4 – 7 6 – 10 10 – 17

VIII (6.5 – 8.3) (5.9) (8.3) (11.2 – 14.8)

length 13 – 25 15 – 20 20 – 28 25 – 38

(17 – 24) (19) (24) (30)

length / articular diameter of 3rd antennal 0.66 – 1.38 0.75 – 1.00 1.00 – 1.47 1.47 – 2.14

segment (0.83 – 1.18) (0.89) (1.22) (1.82)

number on subgenital on anterior half 2 – 7 2 – 4 – 28 – 42

plate (2.5 – 3.9) (2.6) (33.8)

along the hind margin 14 – 23 14 – 20 – 25 – 44

(17.3 – 19.3) (18.0) (33.8 – 38.0)

Last antennal segment length of base 78 – 110 89 – 106 70 – 81 73 – 96 (84 – 93) (95) (75) (82 – 91)

length of processus terminalis 202 – 301 278 – 340 249 – 258 182 – 238

(234 – 268) (310) (254) (199 – 226)

length of processsus terminalis / length of base 2.35 – 3.33 2.90 – 3.84 3.13 – 3.71 2.16 – 2.62

(2.79 – 2.94) (3.19 – 3.67) (3.38) (2.45)

Distribution. Known only from the type locality—Russia, Murmansk province, Kandalakshsky District, nearby Luvenga Vill.

Biology. Monoecious, holocyclic. Colonies of this species were always situated on the root collar and in the leaf-sheath of the basal leaves of Cenolophium denudatum and were covered with soil by ants. A colony found on 21 July 2002 consisted of apterous viviparous females and nymphs both with and without pterotheca. Nymphs were transferred to plants in laboratory conditions, where on 22 July 2002 alate viviparous females and on 17–19 August 2002 several oviparous females were reared. In other years colonies were found in the period from 17 July to 9 August. On the latter date oviparous females were present in the colony, on other dates the colonies consisted of apterous viviparous females and immatures, with sometimes single alatae also present.

Systematic relationships. Until now, no aphids of the genus Dysaphis have been recorded from Cenolophium. The apterous viviparous female of Dysaphis karyakini does not have posterior pleural setae that distinguish it from other species belonging to the group close to D. devecta (Walker, 1849) living on Apiaceae . The lack of marginal tubercles on the meso- and metathorax distinguishes D. karyakini from species close to D. newskyi and D. hirsutissima , whereas the presence of marginal tubercles on abdominal tergites VI–VII distinguishes it from species of the D. crataegi and D. foeniculus groups. Among all Dysaphis species living on Apiaceae , the new species is morphologically most similar to Dysaphis uralensis Shaposhnikov, 1956 , but can be easily differentiated by the length of the longest additional setae on the ultimate rostral segment: 10–15 µm for D. uralensis and 32–53 µm for Dysaphis karyakini sp. nov. A comparison of these species by the length of setae located on other parts of the body and appendages is given in Table 5.

Dysaphis newskyi (Börner, 1940)

Material. Luv: Heracleum sibiricum L., 25.vii.2002, apt. and ovip.; 28.vii.2003, apt., apterous male and ovip.; 13.viii.2004, apt., males, ovip. and imm. [5.ix.2004, male]; 17.vii.2005, apt.; 22.vii.2006, apt. and al. ( AS +ESh).

Dysaphis (Pomaphis) sorbi (Kaltenbach, 1843)

Published information. LRCh: Sorbus aucuparia L. (Stekolshchikov, 2012).

Material. PXS: Sorbus sp., 17.viii.1938, apt. (UN). Kolv: Sorbus aucuparia , 28.vii.2002, apt. and gyn. ( AS). LRCh: Sorbus aucuparia , 30.vi.2004, fund. ( AS). Luv: Sorbus aucuparia , 19.vii.2003, apt.; 3.viii.2004, apt., gyn. and imm. [7–21.viii.2004, gyn. and ovip.] ( AS +ESh). Kovd: Sorbus aucuparia , 2.vii.2004, fund. (VZh).

Muscaphis escherichi (Börner, 1939)

Material. Luv: Sorbus aucuparia , 21.vii.2002, fund. and al. nym. [24.vii.2002, em.]; 19.vii.2003, fund.; 30.vii.2004, al. nym. [2–8.viii.2004, em.] ( AS +ESh).

Nearctaphis vera ( Shaposhnikov, 1964)

Published information. Khi: Oxytropis sordida ( Shaposhnikov, 1964, as Mamontova vera , gen. and sp. n.; Heie, 1992).

Material. PABG : Oxytropis sordida , 29.vii.1962, al. [30.vii.1962, imm.] (GSh).

Figures

FIGURES 20–35. Dysaphis karyakini sp. nov., apt., al., male and ovip. 20, body of apt.; 21, abdomen of al.; 22, frons of apt.; 23, antenna of apt.; 24, antenna of al.; 25, ultimate rostral segments of apt., 26, hind tarsus of apt.; 27, hind tibia of ovip.; 28, siphunculus of apt.; 29, siphunculus of al.; 30, siphunculus of male; 31, siphunculus of ovip.; 32, cauda of apt.; 33, cauda of al.; 34, cauda of male; 35, cauda of ovip.